Question 1

Eating with hands is considered normal in Indian culture whereas the same behaviour could be regarded as bad table manners in some Western cultures. Which perception stage does this example illustrate?

A) interpretation
B) selection
C) organization
D) none of these

A

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates the interpretation stage of perception, where cultural beliefs and values shape how individuals understand and interpret certain behaviors.

Question 2

Which of the following concept does NOT refer to internal attribution, as in the attribution theory?&#10;A) attitude&#10;B) context&#10;C) beliefs&#10;D) personality

Accepted Answer

Attitude, beliefs, and personality are all internal factors that can contribute to internal attribution. Context, however, is an external factor that pertains to situational circumstances rather than personal characteristics.

Question 3

Which of the following statement is NOT true regarding categorization?&#10;A) Categorization helps us to reduce uncertainty in our environment.&#10;B) Categorization helps us to meet functional needs and achieve goals.&#10;C) Categorization can maximize the advantage of the ingroup.&#10;D) Categorization bridges differences between ingroups and outgroups.

Accepted Answer

Categorization can lead to the creation of ingroups and outgroups, which can exacerbate differences and create intergroup conflict, rather than bridge differences.

Question 4

Everyone is ethnocentric to some degree. Which of the following characteristic tend to be associated with high levels of ethnocentrism?&#10;A) small communicative distance between ingroups and outgroups&#10;B) large communicative distance between ingroups and outgroups&#10;C) an ability to see the world from the perspective of the outgroup&#10;D) attribution of negative qualities to the ingroup

Accepted Answer

When there is a large communicative distance between ingroups and outgroups, it is more difficult to understand and empathize with the outgroup, leading to higher levels of ethnocentrism. The other options do not necessarily relate to high levels of ethnocentrism - small communicative distance may facilitate more understanding and empathy, ability to see the world from an outgroup perspective is associated with low levels of ethnocentrism, and attribution of negative qualities to the ingroup may indicate a lack of loyalty or pride in one's own group rather than a strong favoritism towards it.

Question 5

Which of the following concepts refers to the human tendency to see a phenomenon in whole terms, even if it is only partially represented?&#10;A) familiarity&#10;B) closure&#10;C) expectations&#10;D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Closure refers to the tendency to see a complete figure or object even when it is only partially represented or has gaps in it. This concept is often associated with Gestalt psychology. Familiarity and expectations do not refer specifically to this tendency.

Question 6

A well-known adage is 'we see what we want to see and hear what we want to hear'. Which perceptual tendency is this adage of particular relevance to?&#10;A) expectations&#10;B) closure&#10;C) familiarity&#10;D) both closure and familiarity

Accepted Answer

This adage is most relevant to the perceptual tendency of expectations, as it highlights how our prior expectations and beliefs can influence what we perceive and attend to in the environment.

Question 7

Which stage of selection refers to remembering relevant information so that it may be used in later interpretation?&#10;A) selective retention&#10;B) selection attention&#10;C) selection exposure&#10;D) selective categorization

Accepted Answer

Selective retention refers to the process of remembering and retaining relevant information that has been selected and attended to during the previous stages of selection. This retained information can then be used for later interpretation and decision making.

Question 8

Prejudice and discrimination have been reported in many places as a by-product of multiculturalism. Which of the following statements best describes prejudice and discrimination?&#10;A) They both mean the same thing.&#10;B) Prejudice is the inner negative perception while discrimination is its outer manifestation.&#10;C) Discrimination is the inner perception while discrimination is its outer manifestation.&#10;D) Prejudice is the result of perception but discrimination is not.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice refers to the negative attitudes, beliefs or feelings towards a certain group of people without any evidence or experience. Discrimination, on the other hand, is the action that a person takes towards a certain group that shows differential treatment to that group. Therefore, prejudice is the internal perception (attitude, belief, feeling) and discrimination is the external manifestation (action, behavior, treatment) of this negative perception.

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes cultural relativism?&#10;A) interpreting other cultures in terms of one's own&#10;B) passing one's own values on to another culture&#10;C) interpreting a culture in terms of its own context&#10;D) creating relationships between cultures

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativism is the idea that a culture must be understood in terms of its own values and beliefs, rather than applying the values of another culture. It emphasizes the importance of context and understanding cultural practices and beliefs on their own terms.

Question 10

Humans are bombarded with different kinds of stimuli in their surroundings. The more ambiguous the stimuli at the interpretation stage, the more chance there is that ______.&#10;A) the stimuli will be objectively interpreted&#10;B) the same situation or stimuli could be interpreted differently by different people&#10;C) the stimuli will be disregarded&#10;D) different people will reach a consensus on the interpretation of the stimuli

Accepted Answer

Ambiguity in stimuli increases the chance that different people will interpret the same situation or stimuli differently, leading to subjective interpretation.

Question 11

Implicit personality theory suggests that we organize our individual perceptions into clusters. Which tendency best represents the halo effect?&#10;A) If someone has one good trait, they are unlikely to have other good traits.&#10;B) If someone has one good trait, they are likely to have other good traits.&#10;C) If someone has one good trait, they will definitely have other good traits.&#10;D) If someone has one good trait, it they will definitely have similar traits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Implicit personality theory suggests that we organize...

Question 12

Define categorization stage and provide examples to explain its functions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define categorization stage and provide examples to...

Question 13

What is social identity theory and what are its basic assumptions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is social identity theory and what...

Question 14

What are the characteristics of ingroups and outgroups? Provide examples to explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the characteristics of ingroups and...

Question 15

Provide an example to illustrate the relationship between perception and intercultural communication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example to illustrate the relationship...

Question 16

Define self-fulfilling prophecy and provide an example to show its application.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define self-fulfilling prophecy and provide an example...

Deck 4: Perception and Categorization