Deck 31: Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Question 1

Examine the plant in the figure below.
The plant shown is most likely a dicot because of the presence of

A) a taproot.
B) veins within the leaves.
C) five leaves.
D) both root and shoot systems.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Roots perform all of the following functions except

A) the transport of water.
B) photosynthesis.
C) the transport of nutrients.
D) the storage of food.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Conifers, such as spruce and fir trees, belong to the

A) seedless vascular plant group.
B) gymnosperm group.
C) angiosperm group.
D) bryophyte group.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Water and nutrients are taken up from soil by

A) guard cells.
B) root hairs.
C) root caps.
D) xylem in tap roots.

Question 5

Peanuts and potatoes are from plants that belong to the

A) gymnosperm group.
B) bryophyte group.
C) angiosperm group.
D) seedless vascular plant group.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a plant tissue?

A) root
B) stem
C) leaves
D) vascular

Question 7

Companion cells

A) are found next to guard cells.
B) are found in phloem.
C) lie next to tracheids in xylem.
D) are the basic components of tracheids.

Question 8

Mosses would be placed in which group of plants?

A) gymnosperms
B) bryophytes
C) angiosperms
D) ferns

Question 9

The outer waxy covering on plants is called

A) dermal tissue.
B) the trichome layer.
C) the guard cell layer.
D) the cuticle.

Question 10

In terms of their energy needs, solar energy is converted to chemical energy primarily within the plant's

A) stems.
B) leaves.
C) roots.
D) flowers.

Question 11

Approximately 90 percent of all plants are angiosperms. What unique feature(s) could account for their tremendous success?

A) flowers and fruit
B) the ability to produce seeds
C) vascular tissue
D) the ability to withstand cold

Question 12

Which of the following is an angiosperm?

A) fern
B) moss
C) rose
D) pine tree

Question 13

Pine cones are produced by plants that are classified as

A) bryophytes.
B) angiosperms
C) gymnosperms.
D) seedless vascular plants.

Question 14

A tendril on a grape vine is a modified

A) leaf.
B) bud.
C) root.
D) stem.

Question 15

What observation indicates that the thorns on a rose bush are modified stem?

A) the presence of stomata
B) vascular bundles arranged in a ring
C) a centrally located vascular bundle
D) the presence of a cuticle

Question 16

Worldwide, humans obtain more than 80 percent of their calories from

A) seedless vascular plants.
B) angiosperms.
C) bryophytes.
D) gymnosperms.

Question 17

Onions are composed of modified

A) roots.
B) stems.
C) shoots.
D) leaves.

Question 18

Of the following which is not composed of dermal tissue?

A) root hairs
B) phloem
C) trichomes
D) guard cells

Question 19

Within its vascular tissue, sieve tube elements and companion cells are connected by the

A) guard cells.
B) central vacuoles.
C) plasmodesmata.
D) Casparian strip.

Question 20

Tracheids are found in

A) phloem.
B) xylem.
C) root caps.
D) guard cells.

Question 21

Which combination of conditions will cause a plant's stomata to open?

A) high moisture and daylight
B) high moisture and darkness
C) dehydration and darkness
D) dehydration and daylight

Question 22

Dermal hairs are more common on plants living at high elevations because at higher elevations

A) fewer herbivores are present.
B) water evaporates quickly.
C) competition for space is more intense.
D) ultraviolet radiation is more intense.

Question 23

Like other organisms, plants are composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Based on this, which of the following would be a macronutrient?

A) zinc
B) copper
C) iron
D) carbon

Question 24

In a plant leaf, photosynthesis occurs in the

A) collenchymal cells.
B) parenchymal cells.
C) sclerenchymal cells.
D) all of the above

Question 25

Vessel elements are found in

A) guard cells.
B) root caps.
C) phloem.
D) xylem.

Question 26

Organic fertilizers

A) supply energy to plant roots.
B) provide large quantities of potassium.
C) help soil hold water.
D) help rid soil of harmful minerals.

Question 27

Chemicals that dissolve away a plant's cuticle typically result in the death of the plant as it loses its ability to

A) photosynthesize.
B) resist herbivore grazing.
C) retain water.
D) repair wounds.

Question 28

In xylem water is transported

A) in "cables" of a sugary water solution.
B) by evaporation from leaves and water "cables."
C) by evaporation of "cables" of water from root hairs.
D) through concentrated sugar solutions in phloem.

Question 29

Dermal tissues typically

A) regulate what enters and leaves the plant.
B) participate in wound healing.
C) transport food and water.
D) carry out photosynthesis.

Question 30

Sieve pores are a modification seen in vascular tissue that facilitate the movement of

A) water.
B) salts.
C) sugar and organic compounds.
D) dissolved minerals.

Question 31

From root hair to xylem which of the following describes the journey of water entering a plant?

A) cortex to endodermis to dermal cell layer
B) endodermis to dermal cell layer to cortex
C) cortex to dermal cell layer to endodermis
D) dermal cell layer to cortex to endodermis

Question 32

Which of the following "carnivorous" plants has (have) moving parts that help them capture prey?

A) Venus flytrap
B) the bladderworts in the genus Utricularia
C) pitcher plants
D) a and b above

Question 33

Like other organisms, plants are composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Based on this, which of the following would be a micronutrient?

A) carbon
B) zinc
C) oxygen
D) nitrogen

Question 34

A typical fertilizer contains no carbon because

A) carbon is not a plant nutrient.
B) carbon is obtained from the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
C) carbon is produced when the plant metabolizes nitrogen.
D) carbon is plentiful in all soils.

Question 35

Vascular tissue in plants is found in

A) stems.
B) roots.
C) leaves.
D) all of the above

Question 36

The uptake of nutrients by roots requires energy, because

A) the concentrations of nutrients in the soil are greater than the concentrations in root cells.
B) the concentrations of nutrients in the soil are much more dilute than the concentrations in root cells.
C) the concentrations of nutrients in the soil and in root cells are equal.
D) the root hairs are covered by a waxy layer.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Plants rely on exoskeletons for support.
B) Plants rely on cell walls for support.
C) Plants rely on endoskeletons for support.
D) Plants do not require a support system.

Question 38

A plant's root cap would be found

A) where the soil meets the air.
B) between the active growing area of the root and the soil.
C) within and just behind the active growing area of the root.
D) at the base of each root hair, near the main root.

Question 39

Mycorrhizae are composed of

A) xylem and root hairs.
B) phloem and root hairs.
C) guard cells and fungal hyphae.
D) plant roots and fungal hyphae.

Question 40

In the figure below, the line with the arrowheads indicates the cell-wall pathway for an absorbed nutrient.
What structure actually regulates the entry of nutrients into the plant's interior?

A) the root cap
B) the plasma membrane of root hair
C) the plasma membrane of endodermal call
D) the cell wall of root hair

Question 41

Most carnivorous plants obtain energy through photosynthesis; they consume insects to obtain _______ .

Question 42

The most abundant plant cell type in ground tissue is ______ .

Question 43

Flowers, rather than leaves, develop when a small number of genes are turned on.

Question 44

Aristotle showed that plants get most of what they need to grow from the air.

Question 45

Aphids are insects that feed on plant sap, which they obtain by puncturing xylem cells in the plant's leaves.

Question 46

Plants can generate the pressures needed to transport sugars produced by photosynthesis great distances by

A) manipulating concentration of amino acids in phloem.
B) active transport of water.
C) actively transporting sugars in phloem and cells.
D) building up high water pressures in root hairs.

Question 47

The simplest plants, lacking even vascular tissues, are the _____ .

Question 48

Most above-ground plant growth occurs with the repeated addition of ______ units.

Question 49

Fibrous root systems have one predominant root and many smaller roots near the top of the main root.

Question 50

The figure below illustrates how food is transported in phloem tissue.
At what step(s) during the movement of sugar is metabolic energy provided by the plant?

A) Steps 2 and 4, when water enters and leaves phloem
B) Step 1, when high concentrations of sugar are created in the phloem
C) Step 3, when growing cells in buds pump in sugar from the phloem
D) All of the steps require the expenditure of metabolic energy.

Question 51

Flowers are one of the organs of angiosperms.

Question 52

The tension produced during transpiration _________ a column of water extending all the way to the roots through the xyxlem.

Question 53

The basic plant body consists of a root system and a _____ system.

Question 54

Most of the dry biomass of a plant comes _____ absorbed from the air by its leaves.

Question 55

To conserve water desert plants may have leaves that are reduced or entirely absent, in which case the plant's stems can perform photosynthesis.

Question 56

A carrot is an example of a tap root system.

Question 57

Although plants require nine macronutrients, plants fertilizers typically provide just nitrogen, phosphorus, and ________.

Question 58

Plants have two types of vascular tissue, xylem, which transports ______, and phloem, which transports sugars.

Question 59

Plants are protected from herbivores by ______ tissue, which also controls gas exchange.

Question 60

What best explains why sugar maple trees are tapped on the sun-warmed south side of the trunk?

A) Sap on the north side of the tree is still frozen in early spring.
B) During the summer most photosynthesis occurred on the south side of the tree.
C) The reaction rate for the enzymes that convert starch to sucrose is temperature dependent.
D) The sap expands as it is warmed and flows upward through the trunk.

Question 61

Many plants and animals move water and nutrients within internal vessels; animals used the energy of muscle contraction, however no metabolic energy is expended when water and minerals move within a plant's xylex.

Question 62

Carnivorous plants are often found in habitats deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus.

Question 63

A high-quality soil provides everything needed for plant growth.