Deck 6: Global Perspectives on Gender

Question 1

Of the 1.2 billion people worldwide in abject poverty, the biggest majority are women and girls.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The essence of a woman's identity in Japan is tied to

A) marriage
B) motherhood
C) college education
D) the workplace

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Research on Japanese women demonstrates that they are defined by the principles of

A) superiority outside the home and inferiority inside it
B) power inside the home and inferiority outside it
C) gender equity both inside and outside the home
D) low self-esteem in family roles and high self-esteem in roles outside the family

Answer 3

B

Question 4

"Machismo" in Latin America is associated with all but which one of the following?

A) sexual power and aggression
B) virility
C) sexual and physical control of women
D) cooperation between men

Question 5

"Marianismo" in Latin America is associated with all but which one of the following?

A) moral superiority of men
B) the cult of female spiritual superiority
C) glorification of motherhood
D) enduring and accepting an unhappy marriage

Question 6

Dependency theory in Latin America assumes that

A) women have benefited from fluctuations in world markets
B) moving back to subsistence farming from cash crops will benefit men not women
C) this region as a whole will be kept in a state of underdevelopment and economically dependent on richer areas of the world
D) all of the above

Question 7

Professional success for Latin American women is largely dependent on

A) hiring other women as domestic help
B) their husbands' cooperation in assuming household duties
C) the encouragement of their husbands to work outside the home
D) all of the above

Question 8

Based on a review of gender roles from a global perspective, explain why the UN Conference in Beijing was a watershed for women.

Question 9

Which is not true about the traditional kibbutzim of Israel?

A) It was oriented to children.
B) Biological parents were not allowed to have one-on-one time with their children.
C) Infants were moved to the children's house soon after their birth.
D) It was originally created to provide a radical departure from the patriarchal family.

Question 10

"Islamization" and "countermodernizaton" movements are associated with the view

A) that religion and state are inseparable
B) that all laws and both public and private issues must have religious basis
C) of a return to "old ways" where women are not likely to benefit
D) all of the above

Question 11

Once the Shah was overthrown in Iran the new regime

A) granted more social and political freedom to women
B) allowed women to stop wearing a veil if they so desired
C) argued that the duty of women was to concentrate on domestic roles
D) all of the above

Question 12

In Saudi Arabia

A) educated women cannot find employment
B) businesses are no longer gender segregated
C) women run investment firms, manage stores and are employed in women hospitals
D) women always ask permission before taking on any nontraditional gender roles

Question 13

Female genital mutilation is

A) designed to eliminate erotic pleasure
B) practiced mainly in North Africa
C) practiced to ensure premarital chastity
D) all of the above

Question 14

At the UN Conference in Beijing (1995), African and non-African women reached a consensus that female genital mutilation is

A) religiously based and could not be interfered with
B) a violation of human rights
C) a practice that should be celebrated rather than condemned
D) a practice that would benefit girls in all parts of the world

Question 15

By almost all measures of overall human development and gender equity, which region is consistently ranked the highest?

A) Scandinavia
B) North America
C) East Asia
D) Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 16

In implementing the gender perspective in Norway, it is assumed that

A) gender roles will eventually be eliminated
B) women and men have the same priorities
C) different behaviors and aspirations of women and men will be equally favored
D) all of the above

Question 17

In Sweden, unlike other countries, a major focus on gender equality has been on

A) equal pay for equal work
B) legislative action
C) gender role change for males
D) liberal maternity leave

Question 18

The NGO Forum of the UN Conference on women in Beijing demonstrated that

A) international media focused on controversy rather than consensus
B) NGOs will hold governments responsible for their actions related to women
C) religion could be recast and used as a weapon against sexism and for empowerment
D) all of the above

Question 19

Globalization

A) is the development of programs to help the developing world sustain themselves
B) connects the world in a single social and economic space
C) is the vision of the world as part of the United States of America
D) is the vision of a one-world government and economy

Question 20

In Russia, women earn ______ as much as men.

A) just over 10%
B) 25%
C) less than 50%
D) 75%

Question 21

Most Japanese women entering the workforce are

A) young women right out of high school
B) highly educated
C) middle-aged women
D) independent single women

Question 22

In Russia, for every one birth there are two legal abortions.

Question 23

Demonstrate how the process of development has an adverse effect on women. What suggestions would you offer to make the process beneficial rather than detrimental to women?

Question 24

The one-child policy in China is relaxed in metropolitan areas.

Question 25

How are women in the developing world similar in terms of status and role? From those discussed in your text, which countries offer the likelihood of positive change and which are least likely to change in terms of women's roles?

Question 26

Indira Gandhi was the very weak prime minister of India who was controlled by her party.

Question 27

Demonstrate how religion has impacted gender ideology and gender roles in Israel, China, and India.

Question 28

In contrast to the United Nations Conference in Copenhagen in 1980, the 1985 UN Conference in Nairobi recognized that

A) women around the world were essentially the same, regardless of race or class
B) there are few important differences between the developed and developing world
C) the women's movement is fundamentally a political movement
D) all of the above

Question 29

The Showa Constitution provided rights for the women of Iraq.

Question 30

Discuss the impact of the one-child policy on contemporary China in terms of both functions and dysfunctions.

Question 31

The UN Conference in Beijing was a watershed for women because

A) the women's agenda moved from the margin to the center of global debate
B) nations would be held accountable by NGOs for the progress made in advancing women
C) of the affirmation that women's rights are human rights
D) all of the above

Question 32

The gender gap in human potential has been halved in two major areas over the last twenty years. These two areas are

A) education and health
B) political representation and education
C) health and political representation
D) education and income

Question 33

According to Lindsey, the underlying cause of women's inequality in the world is that

A) women have less education than men
B) women's primary roles are domestic in nature and are undervalued and underpaid
C) women are primarily engaged in farming activities
D) women have no organizations to represent their interests

Question 34

When countries begin the process of economic development, how are women impacted?

A) They are further marginalized and impoverished.
B) The move to cash crops undermines their subsistence activities.
C) They lose prestige and power.
D) All of the above

Question 35

A sociologically informed model of Women in Development should include all but which one of the following?

A) a recognition of a global stratification system
B) a strong theoretical perspective based on functionalism
C) a feminist perspective
D) interdisciplinary work in the social sciences

Question 36

Russian authorities are promoting images of women which stress

A) homemaker roles
B) career success
C) financial independence
D) gender equality in the workplace to entice women into paid employment

Question 37

In China, the foundation for achieving gender equality is based on the idea of

A) smaller family size
B) abandoning Confucianism
C) improvement of women's economic status
D) literacy for girls

Question 38

In Confucian classic writings, females are seen as

A) inferior by nature
B) unintelligent
C) indiscreet and sexually seductive
D) all of the above

Question 39

In the domestic hierarchy of the traditional extended Chinese family, who occupied the lowest rung?

A) young boys
B) new brides
C) young girls
D) mother-in-law

Question 40

The marriage laws in contemporary China state that

A) marriage may be arranged by third parties without the consent of the bride
B) only in the home is the woman dominant over the man
C) polygamy is permitted in some cases
D) women have the right to divorce

Question 41

Urban females in the Chinese labor force

A) work in gender-segregated jobs
B) are paid the same as men
C) make incomes that match their educational levels
D) all of the above

Question 42

Which of the following is not true about the one-child policy in China?

A) It was initiated in 1979 to curb population growth.
B) An "excess child levy" is is imposed for subsequesnt children.
C) It is more relaxed in urban areas.
D) All of the above

Question 43

In India, the ancient laws of Manu were used to

A) legitimate gender inequality
B) help women gain a measure of independence from their husbands and fathers
C) encourage a widow to remarry so she would have another source of support and protection
D) reduce the power of the ruling Brahmin class

Question 44

Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru believed that women should be

A) dependent on men
B) praised for their domestic roles but discouraged from seeking interests and activities outside the home
C) given the same social and political rights as men
D) denied the right to divorce since it would hurt the family

Question 45

In India

A) there has been a steady increase in overall employment of women throughout the century
B) the ranks of employed women are filled by professionals
C) most female laborers work in agriculture
D) most employed women own their own businesses

Question 46

The most widely used method of contraception in India is

A) the pill
B) female sterilization
C) male sterilization
D) condoms

Question 47

The overall increase of women in the Japanese work force comes from

A) highly educated single women
B) part-time workers returning after childbearing and childrearing
C) highly educated married women
D) full-time workers returning after childbearing and childrearing

Question 48

In Japan, a woman's role is ranked as _______first and _______second.

A) mother / wife
B) wife / mother
C) mother / paid worker
D) wife / paid worker