Deck 14: Power, Politics, and the Law

Question 1

Demonstrate how the law, especially domestic (family) law, is gender biased and how this is disadvantageous to both men and women.

Answer 1

No Answer.

Question 2

Which group is most likely to be a pro-choice supporter?

A) adolescent males
B) middle-aged males
C) middle-aged females
D) elderly males

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court voted that abortions were legal because

A) life did not begin at conception
B) an abortion did not interfere with God's universe
C) if they were not, the woman's right to privacy would be violated
D) all of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

With the enactment of the Hyde Amendment in 1977,

A) funding for abortions for women on Medicaid was restricted
B) second trimester abortions were banned
C) abortions could not be performed on girls under the age of 16
D) abortions could not be performed outside of hospitals

Question 5

The "gag rule" reinstituted by George W. Bush

A) prohibits the discussion of birth control in high school health classes
B) prohibits the discussion of abortion in high school health classes
C) prohibits the discussion of abortion as an alternative in clinics receiving public funds
D) prohibits the discussion of abortion by physicians to their patients

Question 6

What percentage of all serious crimes do males commit?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 7

Crime committed by females is likely to be

A) nonviolent
B) serious
C) crimes against persons
D) all of the above

Question 8

Which theories would focus on early socialization patterns to explain gender patterns in crime rates?

A) Functionalism and conflict
B) Social learning and cognitive development
C) Feminist and social exchange
D) None of the above

Question 9

The chivalry hypothesis suggests that police and judges are reluctant to arrest and incarcerate women because they are female.

Question 10

Between 1979 and 2012, the number of women elected to state legislatures

A) slightly increased from 7% to 10%
B) dramatically increased from 10% to 24%
C) slightly decreased from 45% to 41%
D) remained the same

Question 11

High level President Clinton female appointees included positions as

A) Attorney General, Secretary of State, and Supreme Court Justice
B) Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense
C) Supreme Court Justice and Secretary of the Interior
D) Attorney General and Secretary of Defense

Question 12

Which is true concerning the way male and female political candidates are differentially evaluated?

A) Women who have young children may face public disapproval if they run for office.
B) Female politicians are often viewed as interlopers in the male-dominated political arena.
C) Female candidates are held to higher moral standards than male candidates.
D) All of the above

Question 13

Women are more opposed to ___________ than men.

A) capital punishment
B) welfare aid for the poor
C) the Equal Rights Amendment
D) all of the above

Question 14

The Equal Rights Amendment

A) was introduced in Congress in the 1920s
B) is favored by a majority of both men and women
C) has been supported by both Democratic and Republican presidents
D) all of the above

Question 15

When the Equal Rights Amendment is passed, what is likely to occur?

A) Women will no longer receive alimony.
B) Public restrooms will no longer be restricted to one sex.
C) Laws that specifically punish men for rape will be invalid.
D) It will be illegal to enact "protective" labor regulations, such as limiting work hours for one sex or another.

Question 16

Which president was the first to appoint a woman, Sandra Day O'Connor, as a justice to the Supreme Court?

A) Carter
B) Reagan
C) Clinton
D) G. W. Bush

Question 17

Ratification of the _________ is hampered by misunderstandings of its provisions and opposition by the New Christian Right.

A) Equal Rights Amendment
B) Civil Rights Amendment
C) Affirmative Action
D) Educational Amendments Act

Question 18

This First Lady broke gender norms regarding the role of First Lady and was criticized as well as applauded for it.

A) Nancy Reagan
B) Barbara Bush
C) Hillary Clinton
D) Laura Bush

Question 19

Through Bona Fide Occupational Qualification, women now receive the same pay for the same work as men do.

Question 20

G.W. Bush appointed __________________ as Secretary of State.

A) Condoleezza Rice
B) Hilary Clinton
C) Janet Reno
D) Michele Obama

Question 21

Which of the following is true regarding the 2008 elections?

A) Race was the salient issue in the primary election, but gender was the salient issue in the general election.
B) Gender was the salient issue in the primary election, but race was the salient issue in the general election.
C) Barack Obama was repeatedly referred to in the media as biracial.
D) Sarah Palin was the first woman to run for Vice President on a major ticket.

Question 22

Compare the arguments about the marketplace that defend or attack comparable worth's efforts to reduce gender differences in employment and earnings. From your knowledge of the impact of gender on workplace roles, which has the stronger argument?

Question 23

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was created to ensure that Title VII mandates are carried out.

Question 24

What have been the successes and problems associated Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972 in regard to females? How have men also been impacted by this legislation?

Question 25

At the global level, children are much more likely to be prostitutes than they are in the United States.

Question 26

Compare and contrast male and female legislators in terms of barriers to election.

Question 27

The Equal Rights Amendment would make same-sex public restrooms mandatory.

Question 28

What is the gender gap in politics and how have political parties dealt with it? What processes would potentially eliminate the gender gap?

Question 29

Power is to coercion as authority is to

A) racism
B) morality
C) legitimation
D) force

Question 30

Title IX prohibits sex discrimination in schools receiving federal funds.

Question 31

Given the fact that most people support the Equal Rights Amendment, why was it defeated? Based on this discussion, what are the chances of ERA being ratified in the near future?

Question 32

When power is encoded into law, Weber called this

A) a cultural definition
B) legal social control
C) rational-legal authority
D) bureaucracy

Question 33

According to Richardson, which is not an assumption about how the law views the genders?

A) Husband and wife are treated firstly as individuals and secondly as marriage partners.
B) Due to biology, the actions of men and women are judged by different standards.
C) Men are the financial caretakers of women.
D) Women are childlike.

Question 34

Which is not likely to fit the intent of the BFOQ rule, which means that a charge of sex discrimination could be filed?

A) wet nurse
B) female model for lingerie
C) male actor for a cowboy movie
D) male flight attendant

Question 35

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

A) requires males and females receive the same pay for the same job
B) makes it illegal for employers to discriminate against any individual on the basis of race, religion, color, sex, or national origin
C) allows for hiring on the basis of one's sex if it is deemed critical for carrying out the job
D) requires certain quotas be met regarding the employment of minority group members

Question 36

In compliance reviews, Affirmative Action has advanced which group the most?

A) African-American males
B) African-American females
C) white females
D) white males

Question 37

The EEOC was created to enforce Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Enforcement is primarily aimed at protecting which group?

A) white men
B) black men
C) women of both races
D) religious minorities, regardless of gender

Question 38

Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972 had an important impact on gender bias in which school related programs?

A) standardized tests
B) housing on college campuses
C) sports
D) private sources of financial aid

Question 39

Participation in athletics is associated with ____ for college women.

A) lower grades
B) lower graduation rates
C) enhanced self-esteem
D) all of the above

Question 40

About ___ of women claim they have been sexually harassed in the workplace.

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 60-75%

Question 41

From a ___________ theoretical perspective, sexual harassment will be dislodged through social reconstruction from an acceptable normal social condition and to an unacceptable social problem.

A) Functionalism
B) Conflict
C) Symbolic interactionist
D) Feminist

Question 42

According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's definition of sexual harassment, all but which one of the following is considered sexual harassment?

A) Request for sexual favors is a term of condition for employment.
B) When sexual advances interfere with work performance.
C) If a sexual relationship between co-workers is mutually acceptable and non-coercive.
D) Verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that creates an intimidating or hostile work environment.

Question 43

Legal status regarding expected wife / husband marital roles are based on all but one model?

A) unity-husband is dominant
B) separate-wife is dominant
C) separate but equal-husband is breadwinner and wife is in domestic role
D) shared partnership-both have equal rights and overlapping responsibilities

Question 44

In a "common law" state,

A) all property acquired in a marriage is jointly owned by the spouses
B) all property acquired in a marriage belongs to the spouse in whose name it is held
C) alimony cannot be awarded to men
D) in a divorce, joint custody arrangements for children are not recognized by the courts

Question 45

In a "community property" state,

A) all property acquired in a marriage is jointly owned by the spouses
B) all property acquired in a marriage belongs to the spouse individually (in whose name it is held)
C) alimony cannot be awarded to men
D) in a divorce, joint custody arrangements for children are not recognized by the courts

Question 46

In family law,

A) legislation is gender neutral
B) conflicting interpretations have decreased
C) changes in family form have helped increase confusion
D) all of the above

Question 47

Under the Retirement Equity Act, all but which one of the following is true?

A) Pensions can be included as part of divorce settlements.
B) People married under five years are not eligible for the other spouse's Social Security.
C) Employers must get a spouse's approval before an employee is permitted to waive spousal benefits.
D) Pension benefits are fairer to women.