Deck 9: Transitions to Democracy and Human Rights

Question 1

Which of the following best describes democracy in ancient Greece?

A) Direct form of self-government
B) Republic
C) Parliamentary
D) Presidential

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a representative democracy?

A) Spain
B) China
C) United States
D) Iran

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What makes the British Constitution different from the American Constitution?

A) It is the supreme law of the land.
B) It is unwritten.
C) It does not guarantee equal rights to all citizens.
D) It is accepted by the citizens of the country.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following issues is NOT generally addressed by a constitution?

A) How decision makers are selected
B) Assigning powers and duties to government institutions
C) Stating how political leaders are to be held accountable
D) Outlining basic laws that citizens must follow

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT viewed as important for maintaining democratic stability?

A) Tolerance for different viewpoints
B) Willingness to accept laws from the government without question
C) Willingness to compromise
D) Commitment to civility and pragmatism

Question 6

In a parliamentary form of democracy, what are the two roles of the prime minister?

A) Head of government and leader of the majority party
B) Head of government and leader of the minority party
C) Symbolic head of the country and leader of the majority party
D) Symbolic head of the country and leader of the minority party

Question 7

When South Africa achieved democracy,

A) it became a state ruled by the majority rather than by the minority.
B) it became an equal society with little poverty or disease.
C) the Truth and Reconciliation Commission agreed to continue apartheid for 20 years.
D) 30 percent of the farmland was quickly distributed to poor blacks.

Question 8

Which of the following refers to the Wahhabi tradition?

A) A religious tradition that is used as the basis of Saudi law and social behavior
B) A religious tradition that governs the social behavior of Islamic countries
C) A small fundamentalist Islamic sect
D) The tradition of the Taliban in Afghanistan

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT included in conventional participation?

A) Voting
B) Running for office
C) Joining interest groups
D) Mass demonstrations

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a way in which the patron-client system contributes to political participation?

A) Influencing the making and implementation of public policies or decisions
B) Bringing the concerns of the poor to the foreground of political discussion
C) Maintaining the concerns of the wealthy as the most important
D) Serving as a communication link between their clients and the government

Question 11

The British colonial legacy in the Caribbean did NOT

A) prepare its former colonies for democratic government.
B) leave former colonies with the Westminster model of government.
C) establish the rule of law.
D) establish limited monarchies.

Question 12

Internet, television, and cell phones

A) are weakening the Communist hold on Chinese citizens.
B) are unknown to most Chinese citizens because of government restrictions.
C) have destroyed Buddhism in China.
D) None of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an example of an interest group?

A) The National Rifle Association
B) The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
C) The Parent Teacher Association
D) The Democratic Party

Question 14

The annual Town Meeting in Bourne, Massachusetts, held in the high school auditorium, is an example of

A) representative democracy.
B) the Westminster system.
C) the mayoral form of government.
D) direct democracy.

Question 15

Nigeria's political culture does NOT

A) allow for a nondemocratic military regime to gain legitimacy.
B) engender a strong commitment to personal liberties.
C) sustain a lasting tradition of democracy.
D) promote political liberties.

Question 16

Which of the following is the youngest legislative body in the Western hemisphere?

A) The House of Assembly in Barbados
B) Bermuda's legislature
C) The Virginia House of Burgess
D) The United States House of Representatives

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT involved in a democratic transition?

A) Negotiation and acceptance of democratic rule
B) Building or restructuring political institutions
C) Channeling of political competition along democratic lines
D) Educating the public on the nature of democracy

Question 18

When democratic rights are an integral part of life, a country is at this point in its transition to democracy.

A) Transitional phase of democracy
B) Full transition to democracy
C) Managed democracy
D) Conditional transition to democracy

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT one of the four essential conditions for democracy to be consolidated?

A) The citizens must be accepting of democracy.
B) There must be an institutionalized economic society.
C) Society must respect and uphold the rule of law.
D) Arrangements must be made for groups or individuals to compete for political power.

Question 20

Which of the following was NOT a reason women in Latin America played an important role in the transition to democracy?

A) Their activities were not viewed as important by the military rule.
B) The Catholic Church encouraged women to participate.
C) The men were unwilling to participate.
D) The military regimes were forced to commit themselves to political reforms.

Question 21

The Shining Path was a rebel movement in which South American country?

A) Peru
B) Bolivia
C) Chile
D) Venezuela

Question 22

Which African country practiced apartheid?

A) Zambia
B) South Africa
C) Rwanda
D) Egypt

Question 23

Who was the leader of the National Party who helped end apartheid?

A) Nelson Mandela
B) F. W. de Klerk
C) Ken Saro-Wiwa
D) General Sani Abacha

Question 24

Which of the following is the world's largest Islamic country?

A) Iraq
B) Iran
C) Indonesia
D) Saudi Arabia

Question 25

The Catholic Church opposes democratic reform in Cuba.

Question 26

Saudi Arabia is a democracy.

Question 27

Chile moved from democracy to military rule when President Salvador Allende was killed in 1973.

Question 28

A political party is a coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.

Question 29

In a democracy, judicial systems have the responsibility of ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.

Question 30

In the United States, only the president is above the rule of law.

Question 31

Economic development and globalization are weakening China's Communist Party and its ideology.

Question 32

The middle class is the least important group to the maintenance of democratic values.

Question 33

Costa Rica's military was abolished by the 1949 constitution.

Question 34

More than 3,000 white farmers and members of their families have been murdered since South Africa achieved majority rule.

Question 35

General Sani Abacha was the military dictator whose oppressive rule led to Nigeria's transition to democracy.

Question 36

Democracy probably could not survive in a country where people cannot own private property.

Question 37

Positive rights are the rights of individuals and groups to be protected from the government.

Question 38

Humanitarian intervention is the use of military force against a country that engages in gross violations of human rights.

Question 39

In a ___________________, the people represent and vote for themselves.

Question 40

A ___________ is a system of government in which the majority rules, but minority rights are protected.

Question 41

The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed is known as ______________.

Question 42

In a system with political parties, ________________accepts the legitimacy of the ruling majority and does not adopt unconstitutional means to undermine it.

Question 43

Political parties in developing countries are usually linked to the ______________ movements that achieved independence.

Question 44

Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt created a ___________ state and outlawed opposition parties.

Question 45

The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations is the ____________________.

Question 46

__________________ hold weekly protest marches to pressure Cuba to release political prisoners, many of them their family members.

Question 47

China banned _____________________, or Buddhist law, in 1999.

Question 48

A nonstate actor that influenced transitions to democracy in Latin America was the ________________.

Question 49

__________________ was Chile's first elected Marxist president who was killed by General Augusto Pinochet.

Question 50

The name given to the activity of allocating the government's resources in a way to influence people to vote a particular way is ______________.

Question 51

Nelson Mandela led the _______________, which opposed apartheid.

Question 52

South Africa established the ___________________ as an alternative to punishment by death or imprisonment for crimes against humanity.

Question 53

_______________ was executed for protesting Nigeria's oil policy.

Question 54

What is the meaning of following term:
-Demos

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 55

What is the meaning of following term:
-Kratia or Kratis

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 56

What is the meaning of following term:
-Constitution

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 57

What is the meaning of following term:
-Democracy

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 58

What is the meaning of following term:
-Legitimacy

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 59

What is the meaning of following term:
-Political participation

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 60

What is the meaning of following term:
-Patron-client system

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 61

What is the meaning of following term:
-Political party

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 62

What is the meaning of following term:
-Judicial systems

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 63

What is the meaning of following term:
-Rule of law

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 64

What is the meaning of following term:
-Interest groups

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 65

What is the meaning of following term:
-International or regional environment

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 66

What is the meaning of following term:
-Liberalization

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 67

What is the meaning of following term:
-Consolidation of democracy

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 68

What is the meaning of following term:
-Managed transitions

A) Activities that would include voting, joining an interest group, protesting, or running for a position in government.
B) A coalition of interests whose goal is to gain control of the government by winning elections.
C) Groups composed of people who share common concerns and want to influence the government.
D) The Greek word meaning people or populace.
E) Attempts to control the process of governmental change in order to protect specific interests.
F) Involves reducing restrictions on freedom.
G) The legal framework or basic law of a society.
H) A system used in developing countries where patrons act as their clients' link to political participation and the government.
I) The power to govern based on the consent of the majority being governed.
J) Involves behavioral, attitudinal, and institutional changes.
K) The rule that no person is above the law and that all individuals are treated equally under the law.
L) The surrounding societies that facilitate or impede the development of democratic values in other nations.
M) Have the responsibility for ensuring that the laws are fair and that individuals' rights are protected.
N) The Greek word meaning rule.
O) A system of government in which the majority rules, but the minority rights are protected.

Question 69

List the criteria for democracy (8).

Question 70

List the reasons new democracies are reluctant to prosecute former dictators (6).

Question 71

Is economic development a prerequisite for democratic transition? Why or why not? Be sure to fully explain your answer.

Question 72

Discuss the belief outlined for democratic stability in this chapter. Be sure to give specific examples.

Question 73

Why are the freedoms of press, assembly, opposition, and speech important for democratic societies? Be sure to give specific examples to support your answer.

Question 74

Do you believe that South Africa's transition to democracy has improved life for its citizens? Support your conclusion with specific examples. Does the outcome in South Africa have similarities to other democratic transitions? Be specific.

Question 75

Do you believe that democracy occurs from the bottom up (grassroots to the social superstructures, i.e., statehood, religion, etc.) or from the top down (social superstructures to grassroots)? Why or why not?