Deck 11: Revolution and Romanticism

Question 1

What philosophical or religious idea exercised the greatest influence on Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence?

A) John Locke's concept of rights belonging to the people
B) the biblical idea of a covenant between God and the people
C) Thomas Hobbes' notion of the divine right of kings
D) the doctrine that all humans are prone to sin and error

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which topic best describes the principal concern of the liberal revolutions of 1776 and 1789?

A) exploration of the human imagination and its fascination with evil
B) freedom from tyranny and arbitrary government authority
C) reconciliation of government with the teachings of the Bible
D) balancing competing factions in a smoothly functioning society

Answer 2

B

Question 3

With what term or concept did the Federalist write James Madison describe the self-regulating interaction among branches of government in the U.S. Constitution?

A) invisible hand
B) idée fixe
C) dialectic
D) checks and balances

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What leading painter of the French Revolution shifted his allegiance to Napoleon and became the "First Painter" of imperial France?

A) J. M. W. Turner
B) Antonio Canova
C) Eugène Delacroix
D) Jacques-Louis David

Question 5

Which of these best illustrates Napoleon's desire to recast Paris in the style of the great imperial capital Rome?

A) the Houses of Parliament
B) Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile
C) Brighton Pavilion
D) Fonthill Abbey

Question 6

Which statement best describes the tone of sculptural works of Antonio Canova, as evidenced in his reclining figure of Pauline Bonaparte as Venus?

A) coolly neoclassical in their style
B) enthusiastic in their French patriotism
C) tortured by demonic visions and horrific images
D) realistic in their attention to ordinary detail

Question 7

Which statement best describes the Industrial Revolution as it had progressed by the year 1820?

A) relied principally on immigrant labor from Africa and Asia
B) transformed textile production through the introduction of power machinery
C) began in the North American colonies of Britain and France
D) substantially improved living conditions for urban factory laborers

Question 8

"It is indeed a wonderful sensation to see such an individual who, here concentrated into a single point, reaches out over the world and dominates it." To whom was the philosopher G. W. F. Hegel referring here, seeing in this individual the embodiment of the World-Spirit?

A) George Washington
B) Napoleon Bonaparte
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) Ludwig van Beethoven

Question 9

How did Ludwig van Beethoven substantially alter the Classical symphony form of Haydn and Mozart?

A) eliminated the symphony's fourth movement
B) selectively reduced the number of instruments in the orchestra
C) used the motif to expand and unify the symphony structure
D) emphasized the classical simplicity of his mentors' style

Question 10

What was a central argument in Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto?

A) bourgeois society represents the ultimate stage of human social development
B) the proletariat will soon join with factory owners in overthrowing capitalism
C) history advances by a dialectical struggle between classes
D) the future holds little promise of technological progress

Question 11

Which figure, inspired by the principles of the French revolution, led the inhabitants of his Caribbean island home against the power of the Napoleonic empire?

A) George Washington
B) Thomas Jefferson
C) Símon Bolívar
D) Toussaint l'Ouverture

Question 12

Which of these works was most influenced by Lord Byron's vision of a rebellious and self-destructive hero?

A) Schubert's The Erlking
B) Delacroix's The Death of Sardanapalus
C) Beethoven's Symphony #5
D) Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

Question 13

What statement best describes Goya's Executions of the Third of May, 1808?

A) evokes an atmosphere of exotic pleasure and sensual delight
B) expresses a romantic protest against tyranny and oppression
C) shows the influence of classical sculpture in its treatment of the figure
D) creates a mysterious landscape through effects of light and color

Question 14

The romantic hero who strives excessively for greater love, power, and knowledge, is best exemplified by what figure?

A) Goethe's Faust
B) Frankenstein's creature
C) Lord Byron
D) Thomas Jefferson

Question 15

Which of these works celebrated the romantic belief in political freedom and social unity?

A) J. M. W. Turner's Slave Ship
B) Friedrich's Wanderer Above the Mists
C) Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People
D) Bierstadt's Among the Sierra Nevada

Question 16

Which of these romantic works inspired a set of illustrations by Delacroix, several Lieder by Schubert, and an opera by Charles Gounod?

A) Mary Shelley, Frankenstein
B) Goethe, Faust
C) David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps
D) Berlioz, Symphonie fantastique

Question 17

What aspect of the romantic sensibility is best expressed in Albert Bierstadt's painting Among the Sierra Nevada?

A) search of exotic pleasure and sensual delight
B) the protest against tyranny and inhumanity
C) a nostalgic attraction to the medieval past
D) fascination with the unspoiled beauty of nature

Question 18

What poet wrote a sprawling dramatic poem based on the medieval legend of a scholar who sells his soul to the devil?

A) William Wordsworth
B) Lord Byron
C) William Blake
D) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Question 19

For what reason would Turner's The Slave Ship have been criticized by traditional art critics?

A) depicted a commonplace scene from ordinary life
B) disregarded precise detail in favor of atmospheric color and light
C) depicted mythological creatures and fantastic scenes
D) incorporated classical sculpture and architecture

Question 20

Which of these would one most likely visualize during the last movement of Berlioz' Symphonie fantastique?

A) a murderer's march to the scaffold
B) ancient Greek celebrants
C) Dante rowing across a river of Hell
D) travelers on a modern railway

Question 21

In what kind of work would one most likely expect to encounter the technique of the idée fixe?

A) a painting by Francisco Goya
B) a drama by Goethe
C) a symphony by Hector Berlioz
D) a building by A. N. Pugin

Question 22

Which of these paintings is notable for the vitality of its treatment of light and color, a method that influenced other painters?

A) David's Napoleon Crossing the Alps
B) Goya's Witches' Sabbath
C) Constable's The White Horse
D) Ingres' Turkish Bath

Question 23

"The world is too much with us; late and soon, Getting and spending we lay waste our powers . . ." What romantic idea is expressed in these lines from a poem by William Wordsworth?

A) people lack the education they need to improve themselves
B) humans are too easily distracted from nature by material pursuits
C) society's institutions are responsible for human misery and corruption
D) only by striving for wider experience do humans express their inner selves

Question 24

"Would men but generously snap our chains, and be content with rational fellowship instead of slavish obedience, they would find us more observant daughters, more affectionate sisters, more faithful wives, more reasonable mothers . . ." These lines are from an early feminist manifesto by what author?

A) Mary Shelley
B) Marie Guillemine Benoist
C) Mary Wollstonecraft
D) Clara Schumann

Question 25

Which phrase best describes program music, a frequent format of music in the romantic era?

A) is usually accompanied by a chorus
B) is based on a novel or other literary work
C) has a clear four-part structure
D) explicitly tells a story or describes a place

Question 26

J. A. D. Ingres' Grande Odalisque is an example of what romantic theme?

A) interest in the exotic
B) nostalgia for the past
C) heroic individualism
D) interest in the evil and grotesque

Question 27

Which statement best applies to Goya's etching The Sleep of Reason Brings Forth Monsters, a scene of an artist asleep at his desk?

A) anticipates the impressionists in its hazy effects of light and color
B) recalls the neoclassical values of strict balance and organization
C) searches for the underlying geometric shapes in nature
D) realizes the romantic fascination with evil, the grotesque and bizarre

Question 28

Which of these was a novel of willful and tortured souls living in the wild English countryside, buffeted by romantic passion and moral dilemma?

A) Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre
B) Goethe's Faust
C) Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
D) Francisco Goya's Sleep of Reason

Question 29

In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, how is the central figure of the doctor best characterized?

A) a lover who is spurned by his beloved
B) a Byronic rebel who would destroy the world
C) a Christ-like hero who sacrifices himself to save humanity
D) a Prometheus with God-like ambitions but morally blind

Question 30

Who was the author of the poem "London" and other romantic protests against the effects of industrial urban life on children and the poor?

A) William Blake
B) Mary Wollstonecraft
C) H. D. Thoreau
D) Charles Gounod

Question 31

Which of these was famed as a virtuoso pianist and composer of Polish dances such as the mazurka and polonaise?

A) Frédéric Chopin
B) Robert Schumann
C) Hector Berlioz
D) William Blake

Question 32

Which is the best example of romantic exoticism - the Western fascination with the styles and subjects of Islamic and Asian civilizations?

A) Francisco Goya's Sleep of Reason
B) Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre
C) La Madeleine in Paris
D) Nash's Royal Pavilion, Brighton

Question 33

Identify the philosophical and political ideas that motivated the revolutionary wave in North America, France, and South America.

Question 34

Characterize Napoleon's use of the arts to legitimize his reign as ruler of post-revolutionary France.

Question 35

Explain the dynamic motive forces of history, according to the "dialectical" principles of Hegel and Marx.

Question 36

Identify one romantic hero, either historical or fictional, and identify the hero's essentially romantic characteristics.

Question 37

Characterize romanticism in music, identifying its effects on different musical forms.

Question 38

Link the different elements of romanticism to particular historical and social circumstances in the romantic era.

Question 39

Cite examples of the romantic fascination with evil, the demonic, and the grotesque.

Question 40

Illustrate the concept of the romantic hero by discussing three examples from the romantic era. Choose your examples of historical, literary, and artistic figures so as to provide a comprehensive view of the romantic hero.

Question 41

In the view of some critics and historians, romanticism is more a sensibility than a style or movement. Analyze the romantic sensibility by discussing its several dimensions or aspects, illustrating with carefully chosen examples of romantic art, music, and literature.