Question 1

In most parts of the democratic world, candidates are selected by:&#10;A) primaries&#10;B) caucuses&#10;C) conventions&#10;D) party leaders, activists, or elected officials

Accepted Answer

In most parts of the democratic world, candidates for political office are typically selected by party leaders, activists, or elected officials rather than through primaries, caucuses, or conventions, which are more specific to the United States political system.

Question 2

Promoted by the Progressive movement, primary elections:&#10;A) gave party leaders greater power over the most important task the party performs-nominating candidates&#10;B) were designed to restore elite control over the nominating process&#10;C) have been used in the U.S. ever since the Constitution was adopted&#10;D) took the most important power of the party organization-to nominate candidates-away from the party leaders

Accepted Answer

The question states that primary elections were promoted by the Progressive movement. The Progressive movement was characterized by a desire to increase citizen participation in government and reduce the power of political machines and party bosses. Primary elections were a way for citizens to directly participate in the nominating process, taking power away from party leaders who previously held the most important power of the party organization. Thus, the correct answer is D - primary elections took the most important power of the party organization - to nominate candidates - away from the party leaders.

Question 3

In states with ______ primaries, only voters who have formally declared their affiliations with a party can participate.&#10;A) open&#10;B) closed&#10;C) blanket&#10;D) &#34;top two&#34;

Accepted Answer

Closed primaries only allow voters who have declared their affiliations with a party to participate, while open primaries allow any registered voter to participate regardless of party affiliation. Blanket primaries are no longer used in any state and "top two" primaries are only used in a few states for certain elections.

Question 4

Voters in states with ______ primaries have more freedom to choose which party's primary they want to vote in. They can vote in their choice without having to state publicly which party they favor.&#10;A) open&#10;B) closed&#10;C) front-loaded&#10;D) high-momentum

Accepted Answer

Open primaries allow voters to choose which party's primary they want to vote in without having to declare their party affiliation publicly. Closed primaries require voters to register with a specific party before being eligible to participate in that party's primary. Front-loaded and high-momentum are not types of primaries, but rather describe characteristics of the primary season.

Question 5

This type of primary gives voters greater freedom. The names of candidates from all parties appear on a single ballot in the primary.&#10;A) Open.&#10;B) Closed.&#10;C) Blanket.&#10;D) Crossover.

Accepted Answer

A blanket primary allows voters to choose candidates from any party for each office on a single ballot, giving them greater freedom in their selections.

Question 6

Party organizations' leaders benefit most from the use of the ______ primary, because it is less likely to allow crossover voting.&#10;A) open&#10;B) closed&#10;C) blanket&#10;D) &#34;top two&#34;

Accepted Answer

Closed primaries only allow registered party members to vote, making it less likely for voters from opposing parties to influence the outcome. This benefits party leaders who want to ensure that their party's nominee is chosen by their own party members.

Question 7

The greatest dangers of open primaries from the parties' perspective are:&#10;A) lack of participation in primaries&#10;B) too much money coming into primaries from outside sources&#10;C) cracking and packing&#10;D) crossing over and raiding

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and raiding refers to voters from one party participating in the other party's primary in order to vote for a weaker candidate or disrupt the other party's nominating process. This can lead to the nomination of a candidate who does not align with the party's values or platform. It also undermines the party's ability to choose their own nominee and may lead to mistrust and division within the party. Lack of participation, too much money, and cracking and packing are also concerns, but crossing over and raiding is the greatest danger to the parties' interests in open primaries.

Question 8

A conscious effort to weaken the other party by voting for their least attractive candidates is called:&#10;A) raiding&#10;B) preferencing&#10;C) abstaining&#10;D) endorsing

Accepted Answer

Raiding is a strategy used by voters in primary elections to weaken the other party by voting for their least attractive candidates. It is often used by members of one party to influence the nomination process of their opposition party. Choice B, preferencing, is not a commonly used term in political science. Choice C, abstaining, involves not voting in an election, and is not related to weakening the other party. Choice D, endorsing, involves expressing support for a particular candidate or issue, and is not related to weakening the other party.

Question 9

Voter turnout in primary elections currently tends to be:&#10;A) greater than in a general election&#10;B) lower than in a general election&#10;C) no different from the level of turnout in a general election&#10;D) much greater in southern than in northern states

Accepted Answer

Voter turnout in primary elections tends to be lower than in a general election. This is because primary elections are not as well publicized and tend to have lower voter interest and awareness. Additionally, primary elections are only held within a single party, so voters who are not affiliated with that party do not participate. General elections, on the other hand, involve all registered voters and tend to have higher voter turnout.

Question 10

Defenders of primary elections can accurately say that, in comparison with party caucuses, primaries:&#10;A) cut back on the length of the campaign period&#10;B) reduce the amount of campaign spending overall in an election&#10;C) permit the nomination of candidates hostile to party leaders&#10;D) decrease voter participation in the nominating process

Accepted Answer

Primaries permit the nomination of candidates who may not be favored by party leaders, whereas in caucuses, party leaders have more control over the nomination process. A, B, and D are all inaccurate statements. Primaries actually tend to lengthen the campaign period, as candidates have to campaign across an entire state or district instead of just attending a caucus meeting. Overall campaign spending may increase as well, as candidates have to spend more money on advertising and travel. Finally, primaries tend to increase voter participation, as they are more accessible and convenient for voters than caucuses.

Question 11

Primary elections are more likely to be competitive (i.e., to have more than one candidate for each office):&#10;A) when an incumbent is running for reelection&#10;B) when the party's prospects for winning the general election are good&#10;C) when the party organization has endorsed candidates ahead of the primary&#10;D) in states that have stricter ballot access rules

Accepted Answer

The answer of Primary elections are more likely to be...

Question 12

Party leaders' endorsements of candidates prior to a primary:&#10;A) give the endorsed candidate a big chance of winning&#10;B) make no difference at all to voters&#10;C) are allowed in some states but not in others&#10;D) are not allowed

Accepted Answer

The answer of Party leaders' endorsements of candidates prior to...

Question 13

Progressive era reforms that promoted the direct primary have unintentionally made it:&#10;A) harder to defeat incumbents&#10;B) easier to raise money&#10;C) harder for Democratic candidates to get elected&#10;D) easier for minor parties to do well

Accepted Answer

The answer of Progressive era reforms that promoted the direct...

Question 14

Why is turnout in primaries low?&#10;A) It takes too much money to run in both the primary and in the general election.&#10;B) Only superdelegates are allowed to vote in primaries.&#10;C) Primaries do not have low turnout.&#10;D) Party ID cannot be used as a shortcut to make voting decisions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is turnout in primaries low?&#10;A) It...

Question 15

Which of these is an effect of primary elections?&#10;A) They give party leaders the power to choose the party's candidates.&#10;B) They increase the party organization's power over the party in government.&#10;C) They are rarely used in areas where one party dominates.&#10;D) They advantage incumbents and candidates with high name recognition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these is an effect of...

Question 16

Most states now use ______ to select some or all candidates for statewide office.&#10;A) primary elections&#10;B) state conventions&#10;C) caucuses of local party leaders&#10;D) the choice of the party in the state legislature

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most states now use ______ to select...

Question 17

Primaries can result in all but one of the following:&#10;A) Divisive contests that split a party&#10;B) The nomination of extremist or unappealing nominees&#10;C) Party leaders removing the primary winner from the ballot&#10;D) Party leaders' difficulty in holding the nominee accountable

Accepted Answer

The answer of Primaries can result in all but one...

Question 18

Define each of the following and briefly explain why it is relevant to the study of political parties.&#10;-&#34;Top two&#34; primaries.

Accepted Answer