Deck 6: The Cultural Environment

Question 1

Which of the following is correct when related to Embeddedness versus Autonomy?

A) Embeddedness (conservatism) implies emphasis on social relationships and tradition.
B) Autonomy implies finding meaning in one's own uniqueness and be encouraged to express one's own attributes.
C) both a and b
D) none of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of these terms best describes the grouping of culture based on relative similarity?

A) Demography
B) Culture Grouping
C) Culture Mapping
D) Culture Clustering

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is not a strong force for convergence?

A) travel
B) migration
C) transportation
D) less communication

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is not true of/about culture?

A) It is shared.
B) It explains everything.
C) It is intangible.
D) It is confirmed by others.

Question 5

______________'s survey yielded four undelying dimensions.

A) Hofstede
B) Schwartz
C) Trompenaar & Hampden-Turner
D) Hall

Question 6

_______________classifies by a conceptualization of values prior to sampling and measurement.

A) Trompenaar & Hampden-Turner
B) Schwartz
C) Hall
D) Hofstede

Question 7

_______________`s classification consist of seven dimensions.

A) Schwartz
B) Hall
C) Hofstede
D) Trompenaar and Hampden-Turner

Question 8

____________says that culture is and can be distinguished by "high context and low context."

A) Hofstede
B) Hall
C) Trompenaar and Hampden-Turner
D) Schwartz

Question 9

Which country is high on neutral expression?

A) Spain
B) Egypt
C) Japan
D) Kuwait

Question 10

Which is not a criticism of Hofstede?

A) time-dependent results
B) values, not business culture
C) partial geographic coverage
D) ecological fallacy

Question 11

Countries high on Universalism include

A) Canada.
B) UK.
C) Germany.
D) all of the above.

Question 12

Hofstede's work on culture included the study of more than 100,000 employees of this company.

A) Ford
B) Motorola
C) G.E.
D) IBM

Question 13

Intellectual autonomy and Affective autonomy are two kinds of _____________.

A) autonomy
B) hierarchy
C) embeddedness
D) harmony

Question 14

__________________ means that we look at the world from a perspective shaped by our own culture and upbringing.

A) Ecocentric
B) Ethnocentric
C) Stereotypes
D) None of the above

Question 15

____________ are our beliefs about others, their attitudes, and behavior.

A) Ecocentric
B) Ethnocentric
C) Stereotypes
D) None of the above

Question 16

______________ are how we see ourselves as a group distinguished from others.

A) Ecocentric
B) Ethnocentric
C) Stereotypes
D) Autostereotype

Question 17

The convergence hypothesis assumes that

A) the combination of technology and economics is making countries more alike, and that with global integration of markets and the diffusion of MNC practices, convergence will accelerate.
B) the combination of technology and economics is making countries more alike, and that with global integration of markets and the diffusion of MNC practices, convergence will not accelerate.
C) countries will continue to maintain their distinctive characteristics, and that those differences may even be accentuated over time.
D) none of the above

Question 18

The ____________ assumes that countries will continue to maintain their distinctive characteristics, and that those differences may even be accentuated over time.

A) Convergence Hypothesis
B) Global Hypothesis
C) Divergence Hypothesis
D) none of the above

Question 19

This political scientist distinguishes "culture" from "civilization."

A) Hofstede
B) Whitley
C) England
D) Huntington

Question 20

Which of the following is not considered to be one of the "four tigers"?

A) Korea
B) Beijing
C) Hong Kong
D) Singapore

Question 21

The term "lingua franca" comes from

A) Arabic.
B) French.
C) Greek.
D) Italian.

Question 22

Which of the following is not a self-stereotype of US culture?

A) money oriented
B) Distrust of others combined with a belief that individual change is possible.
C) The individual above all else hence impermanence of relationships.
D) Emphasis on doing rather than on being.

Question 23

Which is not a classification of corporate culture according to Hofstede?

A) value dimensions
B) need for security
C) need for authority
D) need for supervision

Question 24

The term __________ comes from Italian.

A) ;ingua franca
B) linguistic
C) multi-lingual
D) none of the above

Question 25

_____________ refers to the extent to which uncertainty and ambiguity are tolerated.

A) Uncertainty Avoidance (UA)
B) Power Distance
C) Individualism/Collectivism
D) Masculinity/Femininity

Question 26

__________ refers to the extent to which the self or the group constitutes the center point of identification for the individual.

A) Uncertainty Avoidance (UA)
B) Power Distance
C) Individualism/Collectivism
D) Masculinity/Femininity

Question 27

_____________ describes the extent to which traditional masculine values such as aggressiveness and assertiveness are emphasized.

A) Uncertainty Avoidance (UA)
B) Power Distance
C) Individualism/Collectivism
D) Masculinity/Femininity

Question 28

Which of the following is a character of low Power Distance?

A) less centralization and flatter organization pyramids
B) more supervisory personnel and smaller wage differentials
C) structure in which manual and clerical work are unequally valued.
D) both B and C

Question 29

Which of the following is a character of high Power Distance?

A) greater centralization and short organization pyramids
B) less supervisory personnel and large wage differentials
C) structure in which white-collar jobs are valued more than blue collar jobs.
D) both A and B

Question 30

Which of the following is a character of low Uncertainty Avoidance?

A) less structuring of activities and less ritualistic behavior
B) fewer written rules and more generalists
C) variability and greater willingness to take risks
D) all of the above

Question 31

Which of the following is a character of high Uncertainty Avoidance?

A) more structuring of activities and fewer written rules
B) more specialists and variability
C) standardization
D) more willingness to take risks

Question 32

Which of the following is a character of low Individualism-Collectivism?

A) organization as "family"
B) organization interests
C) Practices are based on loyalty, sense of duty and group participation.
D) all of the above

Question 33

Main features of culture are

A) culture is shared.
B) culture is tangible.
C) culture is confirmed by self.
D) all of the above.

Question 34

When counties start to become more alike through the use of technology and economic policy they are thought to be

A) diverging
B) converging
C) isolated
D) multicultural

Question 35

Which system of classifying culture is most accepted?

A) Hofstede
B) Trompenaar and Hampden-Turner
C) Hall
D) Schwartz

Question 36

When measuring the extent to which the cultures in France and the UK differ from one another. We are looking at the

A) cultural stereotype
B) cultural norm
C) cultural distance
D) high culture

Question 37

Long Term Orientation has its root in _________________.

A) Buddhist value system
B) Islamic value system
C) Confucian value system
D) none of the above.

Question 38

Which of the following countries scored the highest on Confucian Dynamism?

A) United States
B) United Kingdom
C) Japan
D) China

Question 39

According to Trompenaar and Hampden-Turner's classification, a culture with private life kept separate from work is called __________.

A) diffuse
B) specific
C) neutral
D) emotional

Question 40

The United States has a low uncertainty avoidance because

A) we do not take risks.
B) we take risks.
C) we always avoid responsibility.
D) we always take responsibility.

Question 41

Aggressiveness and assertiveness are values of which dimension in business?

A) Confucianism
B) Individualism
C) Masculinity
D) Feminism

Question 42

Which of the following are characteristics of cultures with a high Power Distance?

A) large wage differentials
B) few supervisory personnel
C) tall organization pyramids
D) both A and C

Question 43

Hofstede's four dimensions of culture include Uncertainty Avoidance. What is Uncertainty Avoidance?

A) the amount of risk a country is willing to take in foreign investment
B) the act of avoiding trade relationships
C) recognizing people as a group
D) none of the above

Question 44

Which of the following is a character of high Individualism-Collectivism?

A) Organization is more impersonal.
B) Employees defend their own self-interest.
C) Practices encourage individual initiative.
D) all of the above

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Hofstede's model?

A) a single company's data
B) time-dependent results
C) attitudinal rather than behavioral measures
D) exhaustive

Question 46

According to the text, culture has been defined in literally hundreds of ways.

Question 47

English is the number one foreign language taught in non-English speaking countries.

Question 48

Religion can influence international business.

Question 49

Long Term Orientation (LTO) represents values of a newer culture.

Question 50

Corporate culture is similar to the national culture of the country of the corporation's employees.

Question 51

The most important criticism of Hofstede's work is that his study dealt with many employees at many corporations.

Question 52

All minority groups form successful sub cultures.

Question 53

When interacting with other cultures, one should use their culture as a stepping-off point.

Question 54

Shaking hands with your right hand is a form of culture because it is shared, intangible, and confirmed by others.

Question 55

The English language is a defining expression in the culture of the United States.

Question 56

Huntington said the role of culture will not be reduced in the global era.

Question 57

There is one definition of culture.

Question 58

Coca-Cola was originally translated into Chinese as "bite the wax tadpole."

Question 59

The dominance of English implies that knowledge of other languages is not necessary.

Question 60

National institutions and business firms try to adopt practices that will satisfy religious values without undermining modern business practice.

Question 61

Power Distance (PD) is referred to as the extent to which hierarchical differences are accepted in society and articulated.

Question 62

Japan is not egalitarian in terms of wealth and income distribution.

Question 63

High collectivism means that individuals do not seek self-interest.

Question 64

In high LTO cultures, organizations are likely to adopt a longer planning horizon, with individuals ready to delay gratification.

Question 65

Countries high on controlling the environment include the US, Israel, Spain.

Question 66

Honda is often described as being different from the "typical" Japanese firm in that it is less immersed in tradition and more open to change.

Question 67

When injecting a new product into a well-defined culture. A company should do a Name evaluation to reduce the likely hood of a problem such at Coca Cola and "bite the wax tadpole."

Question 68

Christianity contains religious values and norms that are a part of the religious culture.

Question 69

Originally termed Confucian Dynamism, this dimension has been renamed long-term orientation (LTO) to connote its underlying meaning and business ramifications

Question 70

The LTO dimension represents such values as thrift and persistence as well as traditional respect of social obligations.

Question 71

Hierarchy means legitimacy of hierarchical role and resource allocation.

Question 72

Egalitarianism means transcendence of self-interests and promoting others' welfare.

Question 73

Harmony implies being "at peace" with nature and society. Organizations are viewed as part of the broader social system.

Question 74

Culture clustering is the grouping of cultures based on their relative similarity.

Question 75

Corporate culture is the culture adopted, developed, and disseminated by a country.

Question 76

Cultural or business etiquette is the manners and behavior that are expected in a given situation, be it business negotiations, a supervisor-subordinate discussion of a raise, or the behavior expected outside the workplace and after business hours.

Question 77

Which of the following is a character of low masculinity/femininity?

A) Sex roles are minimized.
B) Organizations do not interfere with people's private lives.
C) Fewer women in more qualified jobs.
D) both a and b

Question 78

The term lingua franca comes from Italian.

Question 79

Nonverbal language is an important means of communication that varies across languages and cultures and is more important in some cultures than in others

Question 80

If you we to recognize individual members of a team for doing an outstanding job, but did not recognize all members you would be promoting collectivism.