Deck 7: Reproductive System and Childbearing

Question 1

In the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle:

A) Hormones brings eggs (ova) to maturity.
B) Ovulation (release of an egg) occurs.
C) The corpus luteus forms, and releases large amounts of progesterone and estrogen.
D) The uterine lining is shed and exits the body as menstrual flow.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Women who report high levels of menstrual pain and discomfort are also more likely to:

A) report high levels of stress
B) have poorer health
C) smoke
D) all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements about dysmenorrhea is/are true?

A) A high protein diet, with few fruits and vegetables, helps lessen cramping and pain.
B) Very few adolescents and women experience menstrual pain each month.
C) It is likely due to hormone-like chemicals that are secreted shortly before menstruation.
D) all of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Some women experience their menstrual periods as pleasurable and self-affirming. This is known as:

A) menstrual euphoria
B) menstrual positivity
C) menstrual joy
D) menstrual well-being

Question 5

Which of the following is/are true?

A) The majority of adolescents and young women experience PMS.
B) The most severe form of PMS is labeled Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.
C) Anti-anxiety drugs and antidepressants generally are ineffective in reducing the symptoms of PMS.
D) all of the above

Question 6

Which of the following statements about premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is/are true?

A) Fewer than 10% of women meet the strict definition of PMS.
B) PMS refers to menstrual pain.
C) Exercise increases the severity of menstrual pain for women with PMS.
D) all of the above

Question 7

Compared to teens who do not practice contraception, those who do are more likely:

A) to have high educational aspirations.
B) to have begun sexual activity at a later age.
C) have a supportive, communicative relationship with their parents.
D) all of the above

Question 8

Sex education programs based on abstinence are linked to:

A) delay in onset of sexual activity.
B) decrease in the number of teenagers having sex.
C) increase in sexual transmitted infections.
D) all of the above

Question 9

The only contraceptive method providing protection against STIs is the:

A) condom
B) birth control pill
C) diaphragm
D) intrauterine device

Question 10

Which is true of emergency contraception?

A) it works by causing an early abortion
B) it works by delaying ovulation or preventing fertilization
C) it can be purchased over the counter by any teenager
D) providing it to teens results in riskier sex practices

Question 11

Which of the following is/are true about Roe v. Wade?

A) It gave women the legal right to terminate pregnancy by abortion during any stage of pregnancy.
B) It allowed individual states to set conditions for abortion during any stage of pregnancy.
C) It ruled third trimester abortions are illegal except when the mother's life is endangered.
D) all of the above

Question 12

Which of the following additional restrictions on abortion is/are true?

A) Many states require parental consent for minors seeking abortions.
B) Federal Medicaid funds cannot be used for abortion except when the mother's life is endangered, or in cases of rape or incest.
C) Congress banned a late term abortion known as dilation and extraction and referred to by critics as "partial birth" abortion.
D) all of the above

Question 13

The majority of women who obtain abortions:

A) are married.
B) are already mothers.
C) are over age 30.
D) choose medical abortion.

Question 14

A recent comprehensive global study of abortion found that:

A) abortion is safe in countries where abortion is legal.
B) banning abortion deters women from seeking the procedure.
C) abortion rates are actually much lower in countries where it is legal than where it is outlawed.
D) all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following statements about abortion is/are true?

A) In recent years, the abortion rate has been increasing steadily, especially among teens.
B) The safest and most common method of abortion is the pill known as RU-486.
C) No link has been found between abortion and subsequent mental health.
D) all of the above

Question 16

In developing nations, poor young women, compared to wealthier women:

A) are more likely to be married by age 18
B) are less likely to use contraceptives
C) are less likely to use maternal health services
D) all of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is not an early sign of pregnancy?

A) morning sickness
B) quickening
C) breast tenderness
D) more frequent urination

Question 18

Women at greatest risk of pregnancy-related death around the world are those who:

A) live in rural areas
B) are members of minority groups
C) lack access to good health care
D) all of the above

Question 19

Women's feelings during pregnancy tend to be:

A) positive at the beginning, becoming more negative.
B) negative at the beginning, becoming more positive.
C) sometimes positive and sometimes negative at each stage.
D) positive throughout.

Question 20

The greatest reduction in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015 occurred in:

A) South America
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) East Asia
D) The Middle East

Question 21

Reactions to pregnant women can include:

A) having their pregnant abdomen patted.
B) being perceived as irritable, emotional and suffering from physical maladies.
C) receiving lower hiring recommendations than a non-pregnant candidate even when qualifications are equal.
D) all of the above

Question 22

About what proportion of pregnancies result in miscarriage?

A) At least one in seven
B) About one in 25
C) About one in 50
D) About one in 100

Question 23

Most miscarriages are a result of:

A) hormonal imbalances in the mother
B) major genetic defects in the embryo or fetus
C) structural problems in the uterus or cervix
D) diseases of the immune system

Question 24

After several miscarriages, a woman's chances of having a normal pregnancy are:

A) almost zero
B) about 25 percent
C) about 60 percent
D) about 85 percent

Question 25

According to the text, probably the best thing to respond to a couple who has just experienced a miscarriage is:

A) Say nothing and act as though the event has not occurred
B) Listen and respond supportively as you would following the loss of any loved one
C) Say "You can always have another child"
D) Say "It was meant to be"

Question 26

Which of the following statements about teenage pregnancy is not true?

A) The majority of teen pregnancies are unplanned.
B) In the U.S., Asians have the lowest birth rate of all ethnic groups.
C) Since 1990, there has been an increase in the teen birth rate.
D) Among teens who have babies, there has been an increase in the percentage who are unmarried.

Question 27

Which of the following is/are true?

A) The United States has one of the highest teen pregnancy rates among industrialized nations.
B) U.S. teens begin sexual activity at an earlier age than European teens.
C) Most school-based sex education programs in the U.S. discuss contraception and make contraceptives available to students.
D) all of the above

Question 28

Which of the following statements about teenage mothers is not true?

A) They are more likely than teenage non-mothers to be depressed.
B) They typically drop out of school.
C) They have stable employment patterns.
D) They often have low psychological and social support.

Question 29

During the third stage of childbirth:

A) the placenta is expelled.
B) the cervix becomes dilated to about 4 inches.
C) uterine contractions move the baby through the birth canal.
D) the baby is born.

Question 30

Which of the following circumstances might lead to a cesarean section?

A) the baby is very large
B) the baby is not in the normal birth position
C) the mother's pelvis is small and misshapen
D) all of the above

Question 31

Another name for an experienced female labor coach is:

A) Lamaze instructor.
B) nurse-midwife.
C) doula.
D) birthing partner.

Question 32

Which of the following statements about childbirth is/are true?

A) The caesarean delivery rate in the U.S. has dropped considerably over the past 30 years.
B) Women over 35 are more likely to have complications during pregnancy and to have caesarean sections.
C) Infants delivered by nurse midwives have lower birth weights and higher mortality rates than infants delivered by physicians.
D) all of the above

Question 33

Which of the following statements about childbirth and age is/are true?

A) Women's fertility starts to decline beginning in the early thirties.
B) Most women over the age of 40 can conceive using their own eggs.
C) Women in their forties are less likely to have abnormal eggs than women in their twenties.
D) all of the above

Question 34

A few days after the birth of her first child, Janet became weepy, felt anxious, and snapped at her husband. After a few days, these behaviors went away. Janet had experienced:

A) postpartum depression
B) maternity blues
C) postpartum psychosis
D) postdelivery trauma

Question 35

Which of the following is not a risk factor for post-partum depression?

A) being an older (over 40) mother
B) being a first time mother
C) having a prior history of depression
D) being less educated

Question 36

About one woman out of ____ experience postpartum depression.

A) 2
B) 8
C) 25
D) 50

Question 37

About one individual in _____ in the United States experiences infertility.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 35

Question 38

Causes of infertility in the woman include:

A) blocked Fallopian tubes
B) endometriosis
C) failure of the ovaries to produce eggs
D) all of the above

Question 39

The most common reproductive technology used by infertile couples involves:

A) donor eggs
B) a donor uterus
C) in vitro fertilization
D) frozen embryos

Question 40

Among infertile couples who choose developed assisted reproductive technology, about three-quarters of them choose to use _______

A) frozen embryos
B) in vitro fertilization
C) donor eggs
D) surrogacy

Question 41

Which of the following statement about surrogacy is/are true?

A) Most surrogate mothers have a difficult time handing over the baby.
B) Critics are concerned about the potential economic exploitation of poor women as surrogate mothers.
C) Most surrogate mothers are single women who have never had children of their own.
D) all of the above

Question 42

The cessation of menstruation periods for a full year is known as:

A) perimenopause.
B) menopause.
C) menarche.
D) amenorrhea.

Question 43

The most commonly reported symptom of menopause is:

A) osteoporosis.
B) hot flashes.
C) vaginal dryness.
D) headaches, joint pains and sleeping difficulties.

Question 44

Reasons given by women for choosing not to have children include:

A) a desire for a flexible lifestyle
B) wanting economic independence
C) not enjoying children
D) all of the above

Question 45

Which group of women is least likely to report menopausal symptoms?

A) Asian American
B) Black
C) Latina
D) White

Question 46

Which age group holds the most positive views of menopause?

A) Asian American
B) Black
C) Latina
D) White

Question 47

Which group of women is most likely to report hot flashes?

A) American
B) Mayan
C) Japanese
D) hi-caste Indian

Question 48

Recent research shows that standard hormone replacement therapy, which combines estrogen with progestin, tends to increase the risk of all of the following except:

A) osteoporosis
B) heart attack
C) breast cancer
D) stroke

Question 49

Which of the following is a benefit of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) if started early in menopause?

A) reduces the risk of heart attack
B) reduces the risk of colon cancer
C) relieves hot flashes
D) all of the above

Question 50

Which of the following is linked to starting hormone replacement therapy 10-15 years after
Menopause?

A) increased risk of heart disease
B) decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancer
C) decreased risk of gallbladder disease
D) all of the above

Question 51

Which of the following reduces hot flashes in menopausal women?

A) exercising regularly
B) limiting or eliminating caffeine and alcohol
C) quitting smoking
D) all of the above

Question 52

Describe, in sequential order, what occurs during each phase of the menstrual cycle.

Question 53

What are the consequences of unplanned teenage pregnancy for mothers and for their children?

Question 54

Discuss reasons that some adolescent girls and women resist condom use.

Question 55

Which individual characteristics are associated with the use of contraception?

Question 56

What are some of the physical and psychological consequences of abortion?

Question 57

Discuss psychological changes that may occur during pregnancy.

Question 58

In what ways is childbearing becoming more family-centered?

Question 59

What are some of the advantages of using nurse-midwives for prenatal care and delivery?

Question 60

Describe the differences between maternity blues and postpartum depression.

Question 61

What are the risk factors for the development of postpartum depression?

Question 62

Discuss the controversy surrounding surrogate motherhood.

Question 63

Discuss the arguments both for and against helping postmenopausal women to become pregnant.

Question 64

Discuss both the benefits and the risks of hormone replacement therapy.

Question 65

What lifestyle modifications can reduce menopausal systems?

Question 66

What are some of the physical symptoms of menopause? Describe some ethnic and cultural differences in the kinds and degree of reported menopausal symptoms.

Question 67

Some women may show heightened psychological distress during the menopausal years. What nonbiological factors might account for this?

Question 68

Describe some of the factors that influence women's attitudes toward menopause.

Question 69

Describe cultural variations in menopausal symptoms. Give one explanation for variation.