Deck 8: Exploring Social Problems, Crime Reduction, and Control Processes

Question 1

What term do criminologists use to describe places where various social problems coincide with crime?

A) Anomie
B) Differential association
C) Social disorganization
D) Official labeling

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is the willingness of neighbors to work together to make a difference in their neighborhood?

A) Collective efficacy
B) Social disorganization
C) Intimidation
D) Differential association

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following make may neighborhood cohesion difficult in a heterogeneous neighborhood?

A) Neighbors lack cultural affinity
B) These neighborhoods often have high concentrations of disadvantaged residents
C) Residents may be unable or unwilling to act on the behalf of their neighbors
D) All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to strain theory, why do people commit crime?

A) Their social bond to society is weak
B) Peer pressure
C) Crime offers an illegitimate means to achieve legitimate ends
D) They make a rational choice to commit crime

Question 5

Which theory claims that minor disorder sets the stage for major crimes to occur?

A) Strain theory
B) Broken windows theory
C) Situational inducement theory
D) Social disorganization theory

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true about sexual assaults?

A) Most cases of sexual assault evade the legal system
B) Men are as likely to be victims of sexual assault as women
C) The victim is often too embarrassed to report a sexual assault
D) Offenders of sexual assault usually go unpunished

Question 7

How might very high public density pose a problem for women?

A) Women risk being touched or groped
B) Women are at risk for forcible rape
C) Women are at risk for murder
D) High public density does not pose a risk for women

Question 8

What is a problem with extra lighting as a security measure for your home?

A) Extra light does not deter criminals
B) Extra lighting can only prevent violent crimes
C) Most residential burglaries occur during the day
D) All of the above

Question 9

How might some bars pose a particular danger for women?

A) Emphasis on heavy drinking
B) High proportion of male patrons
C) High noise levels
D) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true about juvenile street gangs?

A) Most youths are not gang members
B) Gang members do more than their share of crimes, but not most local crimes
C) Gangs are highly organized
D) Gang members do more than their share of violence, but not all of it

Question 11

What makes a crime overt, distinguishing it from a covert crime?

Question 12

Why are open-air drug markets worse for a community than indoor drug markets?

Question 13

What is the shadow of rape hypothesis?

Question 14

What makes one street riskier than another?

Question 15

How has modern technology created new avenues for crime? Describe two examples.

Question 16

What is mens rea?

A) Criminal state of mind
B) Criminal actions
C) Eye for an eye
D) Immunity from prosecution

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a part of ordinary police work?

A) Paperwork
B) Deadly shootouts
C) Giving traffic tickets
D) Responding to calls from citizens

Question 18

How are most criminal court cases resolved?

A) Conviction by jury
B) Acquittal by jury
C) Plea bargaining
D) Mistrials

Question 19

What type of punishment is least effective for deterrence?

A) Swift, sure punishment
B) Severe punishment
C) Rehabilitation
D) Well-timed incapacitation

Question 20

What information does the National Crime Victim Survey (NCVS) provide that is not available in UCR data?

A) Homicide counts
B) Calls for service
C) The prevalence of drug use
D) The likelihood of a crime being reported

Question 21

According to the age-crime curve, when does crime participation peak?

A) Childhood
B) Early adolescence
C) Mid adolescence
D) Adulthood

Question 22

Which of the following describes a way in which youths "zig-zag" through delinquency?

A) Sometimes youths commit delinquent acts, sometimes they do not
B) Mapping technology shows us that stores are targeted for burglary in a "zig-zag" fashion
C) Both a & b
D) Youths do not "zig-zag" through delinquency

Question 23

Judith Rich Harris' research finds that individuals learn from different sources how to act in specific environments. What type of process is this?

A) Formal
B) Blending
C) Offender-specific
D) Context-specific

Question 24

What is the emphasis of situational inducement theory?

A) Neighborhood influence
B) Specific situations where delinquent acts take place
C) Situations where children spend time with their parents
D) Collateral consequences of the justice system

Question 25

During which kind of activities are youths most likely to break rules?

A) Supervised activities
B) Structure socializing
C) Unstructured socializing
D) School programs

Question 26

Why do police try to avoid arresting people?

Question 27

What are intermediate sanctions? Give two examples.

Question 28

According to Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory, how is criminality fostered?

Question 29

What are the five neutralization techniques? Give examples of two of them.

Question 30

Which of the following statements about disputes is true?

A) Most rude encounters lead to a dispute
B) Most disputes are small
C) Most disputes escalate further
D) Most disputes eventually lead to criminal acts

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a common rude encounter?

A) Swearing
B) Invading personal space
C) Threatening with a knife
D) Loudness

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of a negative result of the sexual urge?

A) People may be tempted to leave their partners
B) Rape
C) Incest
D) All of the above

Question 33

What role do insurance companies play in property disputes?

A) Many property disputes are settled by insurance companies
B) Insurance companies exacerbate property disputes
C) Insurance companies deal with property disputes after they have gone through the criminal justice system
D) None of the above

Question 34

How might the 80-20 rule apply to juvenile delinquents?

A) 80 percent of juveniles commit 20 percent of crimes
B) 20 percent of juveniles commit 80 percent of crimes
C) 80 percent of juvenile delinquents are male, 20 percent are female
D) 80 percent of juvenile delinquents are female, 20 percent are male

Question 35

A child who is abused becomes violent later in life. What term is used to describe this phenomenon?

A) Learned behavior
B) Anomie
C) Genetic determinism
D) Cycle of violence

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT an element of the social bond?

A) Commitment
B) Checks and balances
C) Attachment
D) Involvement

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT an element of routine activity theory?

A) Offender
B) Target
C) Deviant values
D) Absence of a guardian

Question 38

Crime reduction in one place spills over to nearby places, reducing crime in the nearby places as well. What term is used to describe this phenomenon?

A) Diffusion of benefits
B) Routine activities
C) Situational prevention
D) Social control

Question 39

What concept of law says that the law does not care about trifling matters?

A) De minimis
B) Mens rea
C) Lex talionis
D) Probable cause

Question 40

How can a dispute escalate into a violent incident?

Question 41

Why are the mid-teenage years important to understanding crime and victimization?

Question 42

How is self-control important for more than containing crime?

Question 43

Give an example of situational prevention.

Question 44

Which control processes become most relevant after a crime had occurred? What are the limitations of these processes?