Deck 4: Intimacy, Commitment, and Family Formation

Question 1

Which concept can best be described as "a distinct social relationship governed by norms, based on emotions, and situated in a specific social location"?

A) Romance
B) Sexuality
C) Hooking-up
D) Intimacy
E) Sexual relationship

Answer 1

Intimacy

Question 2

All of the following topics except ________ are used by family demographers in order to understand both individual and societal behaviour.

A) married couple families (with or without children)
B) cohabitating couple families (with or without children)
C) single parent families
D) stepfamilies
E) single adults

Answer 2

single adults

Question 3

________ involves the study of changes in family structure to understand individual and social behaviour.

A) Family sociology
B) Behavioural psychology
C) Social psychology
D) Family demography
E) Family studies

Answer 3

Family demography

Question 4

These days, marriage holds a more ________ role than it once did in society and in people's lives.

A) important
B) diminished
C) respectable
D) sociable
E) elaborate

Question 5

In 1961, married couples accounted for ________ of Canadian census families. By 2016, this figure had dropped to 66 per cent.

A) 98 per cent
B) 91.6 per cent
C) 89.2 per cent
D) 74.3 per cent
E) 69.7 per cent

Question 6

Homes that contain at least three generations of the same family are typically known as "________"

A) kinfolk crowded.
B) multi-family dwellings.
C) a multi-cultural clan.
D) multi-generational households.
E) personal family spaces.

Question 7

According to Canadian census data from 1961 to 2011, the majority of Canadian families live as ________ couples in ________ relationships.

A) married; heterosexual
B) common-law; same-sex
C) married; same-sex
D) common-law; heterosexual
E) separated; heterosexual

Question 8

Statistics Canada (2008) estimates that ________ per cent of recently Canadian couples risk divorce.

A) 7 per cent
B) 25 per cent
C) 47 per cent
D) 38 per cent
E) 61 per cent

Question 9

According to Statistics Canada (2011), ________ children were living in stepfamilies.

A) one in ten
B) three in ten
C) five in ten
D) seven in ten
E) eight in ten

Question 10

________ are the provinces and territories that have the highest number of common-law unions.

A) Alberta, Nunavut, and the Yukon
B) Ontario, Quebec, and the Northwest Territories
C) the Yukon, Nunavut, and Saskatchewan
D) Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Nunavut
E) Quebec, Nunavut, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon

Question 11

There is a divergence in patterns of cohabitation in Quebec compared with other Anglo provinces. This divergence occurred because ________

A) with the Quiet Revolution, many Quebeckers abandoned the church and its doctrines relating to marriage.
B) women in Quebec embraced the Pill as a contraceptive method and fertility and marriage rates plummeted.
C) the feminist movement had a stronger history in Quebec than in other parts of Canada which pushed for a culture of greater equality between men and women.
D) Quebeckers are more individualistic and independent and do not wish to be tied down by traditional marriage norms.
E) a, b, and c

Question 12

Compared to marriage, cohabitation leads to more ________

A) women doing the majority of domestic work.
B) men working at home.
C) sharing of domestic work.
D) women working at home.
E) men doing the majority of domestic work.

Question 13

"________" encompass a broad range of technologies that seek to facilitate, mediate, or disrupt the process of reproduction including contraceptive technologies such as in vitro fertilization and antenatal testing.

A) New reproductive technologies
B) Innovative procreation processes
C) Genuine replica skills
D) Reproduction facilitation
E) New reproduction intervention techniques

Question 14

"Plastic sexuality" is a term coined by sociologist ________

A) Anthony Giddens.
B) Thomas Beck.
C) Elisabeth Beck-Gernscheim.
D) Michele Adam.
E) Reuben Hill.

Question 15

A pure relationship is maintained when confluent love is apparent and ________

A) sexual and emotional equality exists between a man and woman.
B) a man and a woman choose to be in a romantic relationship.
C) a man and a woman are committed to each other and intend to marry.
D) there is a lifetime commitment.
E) offspring are involved.

Question 16

The term "_________" refers to the decline or reconfiguration of tradition in the late modern era.

A) deteriorate
B) degeneration
C) de-conventionary
D) weakening practices
E) detraditionalization

Question 17

Despite recent advances in research and education surrounding homosexual marriage, little is known about ________

A) lesbian parenting styles.
B) children of gay male parents.
C) children of lesbian parents.
D) gay parenting styles.
E) all of the above.

Question 18

In an attempt to promote marriage rights, the Canadian state sent impoverished women, called the ________, from Quebec to France to marry men they had never met.

A) l'épouse du roi
B) filles du reine
C) soeur du roi
D) filles du roi
E) All of the above

Question 19

Marriage at the turn of the nineteenth century was largely patriarchal, with most women ________ dependent on their husbands.

A) emotionally
B) sociably
C) economically
D) Both a and c
E) All of the above

Question 20

In the 1800s, thousands of Chinese men immigrated to work on the Canadian Pacific Railroad. When it was completed, the Canadian government began implementing policies to control the Chinese population. Such policies included ________

A) an expensive head tax on Chinese wage labourers.
B) a head tax on the spouses and children of Chinese men already living in Canada.
C) a reproduction tax (i.e. a tax on each Chinese child born).
D) high residential taxes on property that Chinese people owned.
E) a and b.

Question 21

"________" refers to the situation where one man is married to several wives simultaneously.

A) Polyandry
B) Serial monogamy
C) Sororate marriage
D) Polygyny
E) Sister wives

Question 22

Winston Blackmore, a resident of Bountiful, B. C. currently has 27 wives and over 145 children. Given his multiple marriages, he would likely be labelled a ________

A) polygamist.
B) polyandrist.
C) polyamorist.
D) adulterer.
E) monogamist.

Question 23

The term "________" refers to the practice of having two or more consensual intimate relationships at one time.

A) agape
B) polyamory
C) multiple dating
D) multi-hook-ups
E) friends with benefits

Question 24

Today, Canadian women get married for the first time at the average age of ________

A) 22.
B) 25.
C) 27.
D) 29.
E) 32.

Question 25

Today, many young adults experience a period in their life course called the ________, which encompasses a period of relative social independence.

A) self-governing stage
B) autonomous period
C) self-determining phase
D) independent life stage
E) self-regulating juncture

Question 26

Before dating arose in the ________, courtship was the defined period preceding engagement and marriage.

A) 1880s
B) 1900s
C) 1920s
D) 1960s
E) 1980s

Question 27

Glenn and Marquardt (2001) define "________" as a physical encounter between a couple who do not necessarily expect anything further.

A) hooking-up
B) the process of dating
C) the process of courting
D) a personal internet relationship
E) polygamy

Question 28

"________" refers to the cognitive models and cultural patterns that inform desire and influence behaviour.

A) Sexual ideology
B) Sensual screenplay
C) Erotic beliefs
D) Sexual scripts
E) Sexting

Question 29

There seems to be limited research on dating and hook-up patterns of all of the following except________

A) young lesbians.
B) young gays.
C) young bisexuals.
D) transgendered youth.
E) heterosexual youths.

Question 30

Same-sex couples predominantly meet their partners online rather than through an in-person introduction, with approximately _____ having met their partner online .

A) 20 per cent
B) 40 per cent
C) 50 per cent
D) 70 per cent
E) 90 per cent

Question 31

Social exchange theory refers to the ________

A) conflict that can arise between partners due to one being an introvert and the other an extrovert.
B) social networks each partner brings to the primary relationship.
C) understanding of interpersonal relationships according to the social psychological principle of minimizing costs and maximizing rewards.
D) exchanging of partners involved in polyamorous relationships.
E) None of the above

Question 32

________are shaping the global marketplace of buying sexual services from sex workers.

A) Online and electronic communications
B) Newspaper ads
C) Telephone services
D) Word-of-mouth
E) Middlemen

Question 33

According to the 2016 Census, _____ per cent of all households consisted of one person.

A) 5.2
B) 18.2
C) 28.2
D) 38.2
E) 48.2

Question 34

The stigma around online dating apps has ________ in recent years.

A) remained consistent
B) increased
C) decreased
D) decreased for men and increased for women
E) increased for men and decreased for women

Question 35

"________" are kin-like networks of relationships based on friendship and commitment beyond blood.

A) High-quality contacts
B) Support groups
C) Families of choice
D) Comrades-in-arms
E) Top-notch associates

Question 36

According to sociologists, intimacy and romantic love play a key role in the understanding of recent trends in family formation.

Question 37

Based on the 2016 Census, a minority of all families (23.5 per cent) live as married or common-law couples in either heterosexual or same-sex relationships.

Question 38

Today there is less societal acceptance of non-marital unions.

Question 39

From 2011 to 2016, the number of couples living without children rose at 7.2 per cent, in comparison to 2.3 per cent for couples living with children.

Question 40

In 2006, the number of unmarried individuals aged 15 and over surpassed those legally married.

Question 41

At the current time, cohabitation (also known as common-law or consensual unions) has become prevalent in Canada, especially among older Canadians (aged 50 and over).

Question 42

Today, Nunavut has the highest rate of common-law relationships in Canada.

Question 43

Cohabitation leads to more sharing of domestic work than does marriage and cohabitating women are more likely to participate in the labour market.

Question 44

About 225,000 individuals have immigrated to Canada each year since the early 1990s.

Question 45

Reproductive technologies participate in broader patterns to facilitate new definitions of dating and romantic relationships.

Question 46

Plastic sexuality resulted from women's increasing economic and social independence and sexual freedom as a result of contraceptive pills and new reproductive technologies.

Question 47

Couples in a "pure relationship" are exclusively committed to one another and intend to marry and have children together.

Question 48

People from Generation X are less likely to value marriage and tend to connect their personal growth to the formation and termination of intimate relationships.

Question 49

Scholars have found evidence that children raised in two-biological parent married families tend to have better educational, social, cognitive, and behavioural outcomes than children from married step, cohabiting, and single-parent families.

Question 50

Historically, diverse forms of marriage were found among Indigenous populations, including polygamy and same-sex marriage.

Question 51

Colonial politicians in Canada distinguished the "civilized" tradition of marriage as the only legally and socially accepted form of intimate relationship from the "ancient barbarians, heathens, and other peoples they characterized as uncivilized."

Question 52

In the 1800s, the Canadian government supported the immigration and labour of Chinese men to work as cheap labour on B. C. farming operations.

Question 53

According to the Indian Act of 1876, if an Indian woman married a non-Indian man, she retained her Indian status, band membership, education and treaty rights, and the right to pass Indian status to her children.

Question 54

In 1985, the Divorce Act was revised and "no fault' provisions were included.

Question 55

Canada was the second country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage.

Question 56

Qualitative research of lesbian couples who adopted or planned a child found that they often do not marry, and those who did marry tend to be critical of and eschew dominant rituals attached to the "white wedding."

Question 57

For the most part, children of immigrants who grow up in Canada tend to view marriage differently from their parents. However, recent scholarship suggests that the representations of intergenerational clash over traditions like arranged marriage are overblown.

Question 58

Social media have been part of the evolution of greater tolerance, openness, and debate over sexual expression and pleasure.

Question 59

In the 1920s, dating was assisted by the invention of the automobile.

Question 60

According to dating convention of the 1960s, men were expected to ask women out, pay for the date, and wait for the woman to initiate sex and intimacy.

Question 61

Lisa Wade's research on university students and "hook-up" culture found that one of the reasons "hooking-up" can cause anxiety is because it perpetuates limiting gender stereotypes.

Question 62

One study on technology and dating found that using avatars online to experiment with sexual preferences rarely shapes the ways that people experience their sexuality offline.

Question 63

There have been studies of undergraduate university students found that on average 80 per cent hook up more than once per semester over their entire university experience.

Question 64

Sexual scripts can shape how individuals experience intimate partner violence.

Question 65

Individuals who use online dating services tend to choose prospective partners based on racial preferences.

Question 66

Cybersex involves two or more people engaging in online sexual talk and may include masturbation and orgasm.

Question 67

A Swedish study found that at least half of all men and women have engaged in cybersex.

Question 68

From 2011 to 2016, the number of couples living without children rose at 7.2 per cent, in comparison to 2.3 per cent for couples living with children.

Question 69

Younger people tend to choose individuals that are not related to them as their closest friends, however this tendency changes as people age and the proportion of individuals who name their relatives as friends increases.

Question 70

"Living Apart Together" refers to an intimate couple relationship where one partner lives elsewhere (i.e. one person lives in Regina, Saskatchewan and the other lives in Guelph, Ontario).
Short

Question 71

What is meant by the term "intimacy"?

Question 72

Why are there a higher number of cohabitating couples in Quebec as compared to other (Anglo) provinces?

Question 73

Describe what is meant by the term "plastic sexuality".

Question 74

Describe how the Indian Act of 1876 defined Indigenous identity.

Question 75

Explain what reproductive technologies are and how they are facilitating new definitions of sexual and intimate relationships.

Question 76

How have online technologies transformed dating and courtship rituals in recent decades?

Question 77

How does gender shape attitudes and experiences of "hooking-up" by young adults?

Question 78

Describe what is meant by the term "hooking-up" and who takes part in such activities.

Question 79

Explain what is meant by "sexual scripts" and the effect they have on the dating process.

Question 80

How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted intimate partner violence?