Deck 4: Motivation, Job Design, and Extrinsic Rewards

Question 1

The. motivational cycle temporarily ends when:

A)The goal is reached
B)The goal-directed behaviour begins
C)Motive conflict begins
D)The drive state reaches its peak

Answer 1

Motive conflict begins

Question 2

In accordance with Herzberg's dual-factor theory of motivation, providing "hygiene factors" could result in:

A)A reduction in the level of job dissatisfaction
B)A positive attitude or motivation to work
C)An increase in the level of job dissatisfaction
D)A negative attitude or motivation to work

Answer 2

A reduction in the level of job dissatisfaction

Question 3

Expectancy theory of motivation, as put forward by Porter and Lawler, applies only when:

A)The individual decides on the amount of effort to put into the job, and the way the job is going to be tackled
B)Management controls the manner in which an individual performs in the job
C)The amount of effort expended by an individual is dictated by management
D)None of these

Answer 3

The individual decides on the amount of effort to put into the job, and the way the job is going to be tackled

Question 4

In contemporary analysis of equity theory there is mention of:

A)Distributive justice
B)Procedural justice
C)Interactional justice
D)All of these

Question 5

If feelings of "inequity" are experienced by the individual, the consequences could be:

A)A reduction in the number of hours worked
B)To resign from the job
C) To seek a transfer to another job within the company
D) All of these

Question 6

Which of the following should managers adopt when trying to reduce potential frustration in individuals?

A)Equitable personnel or human resource policies
B)Effective communications
C)Effective recruitment and selection
D)All of these

Question 7

Which of the following perspectives is a process theory of motivation?

A)Theory X and Y
B)Expectancy
C)Hierarchy of needs
D)Economic man

Question 8

Which one of the following factors is not associated with the job characteristics model (JCM) of motivation?

A)Skill variety
B)Task significance
C)Goal-setting
D)Autonomy

Question 9

The theory that takes the view that group-based needs play an important motiva-tional role is:

A)The motivation theory of communality
B)The social identity theory of motivation
C) Team-based learning theory
D) None of these

Question 10

One disadvantage of most existing motivation theories is that:

A)They only discuss the process of motivation
B)They do not consider aspects such as boredom and lack of variety and challenge
C)They only focus on individual motivation
D)They strongly reflect the value system of Americans

Question 11

Breaking down a job into its smallest component parts is part of the phenom-enon of:

A)Job specialization
B)Job reduction
C)Job enlargement
D)Job rotation

Question 12

Which of the following was not suggested by Herzberg as a way to enrich jobs?

A)Providing feedback
B)Accountability
C)Job rotation
D)Providing control over resources

Question 13

Which of the following was not suggested by Hackman et al. as a guideline to imple-ment the job characteristics model?

A)Forming natural work units
B)Combining tasks
C)Vertical loading
D)Task specialization

Question 14

Work schedules, worker flexibility, and telecommuting are all concerned with:

A)Job enlargement
B)The job characteristics model
C) Job design
(D) Social identity theory

Question 15

Work scheduling can be considered an adjunct to job design, and consists of

A)Flexitime
B)Job sharing
C)Telecommuting
D)All of these

Question 16

Telecommuting grew in importance during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic as a result of its appeal to several employers and employees, because:

A)Employees get satisfaction from not having to travel to work
B)It promotes employee loyalty
C)Employees welcome the freedom it offers in terms of flexible hours, informality of dress, freedom from numerous office distractions, and it creates conditions favour-able to the pursuit of efficiency.
D)All of these

Question 17

Inner states that energize, activate, and direct behaviour are called:

A)Needs
B)Motives
C)Emotions
D)Drives

Question 18

Ways of enhancing self-efficacy in a motivational context are:

A)Mastery of one's job brief (enactive mastery)
B)Vicarious modelling
C)Verbal persuasion and arousal
D)All of these

Question 19

Fear can best be described as:

A)An incentive
B)An emotion
C)A drive
D)A motive

Question 20

The hierarchy of needs theory and ERG theory are both:

A)Content theories
B)Process theories
C)Goal theories
D)Biological theories of motivation

Question 21

Goal-setting and expectancy theory are both:

A)Cognitive theories
B)Goal theories
C)Content theories
D)Equity theories

Question 22

A practical version of management by objectives (MBO), known as management by objectives and results in some quarters, has been implemented over an appreciable length of time in:

A)Denmark
B)Norway
C)Sweden
D)All of these

Question 23

Control theory integrates several:

A)Perspectives on job design
B)Basic needs
C)Motivation theories
D)Content theories

Question 24

The extent to which a job requires the performance of a whole unit and is identifi-able with a visible outcome, refers to the job characteristic:

A)Job relevance
B)Task significance
C)Job homogeneity
D)Task identity

Question 25

In dual-factor theory, achievement, recognition, responsibility, and growth are all:

A)Motivators
B)Control factors
C)Hygiene factors
D)Self-actualization factors

Question 26

Money and other material benefits are:

A)Extrinsic rewards
B)Intrinsic rewards
C)Extrinsic and intrinsic awards
D)None of these

Question 27

Extrinsic rewards can be categorized as:

A)Non-variable rewards
B)Variable rewards
C)Material rewards
D)All of these

Question 28

Which of the following would one not expect to find in a direct compensation package?

A)Skill-based pay
B)Flexible benefit system
C)Intrinsic rewards
D)Payment by results

Question 29

A formal recognition scheme relates to:

A)Extrinsic rewards
B)All of these
C)Financial incentives
D)Non-financial incentives

Question 30

Which of the following is not one of the optimal characteristics of pay, according to Lawler?

A)Importance
B)Exchangeability
C)Flexibility
D)Visibility

Question 31

Personal growth is associated with:

A)Intrinsic rewards
B)Extrinsic rewards
C)Extrinsic and intrinsic awards
D)None of these

Question 32

Which of the following is a disadvantage of job evaluation?

A)Subjectivity of evaluators
B)High costs
C)Rigidity
D)All of these

Question 33

Linking pay to the individual's output is described as:

A)Bonus
B)Time rates
C)Payment by results
D)Profit sharing

Question 34

The type of reward that falls within a broad interpretation of financial rewards ranging from pay incentives and bonuses to profit sharing and equity share schemes, and that takes into account both output and actual behaviour, is referred to as:

A)Performance-related pay
B)Payment by results
C)Time rates
D)Bonus and profit sharing