Deck 14: Juvenile and Youthful Offenders

Question 1

What year did the Supreme Court begin to apply constitutional safeguards to juvenile court proceedings?

A) 1866
B) 1966
C) 1976
D) 1996

Answer 1

1966

Question 2

Where was the first juvenile court created?

A) Cook County
B) Crook County
C) Clerk County
D) Check County

Answer 2

Cook County

Question 3

Which of the following are actions the juvenile court can take under the parens patriae philosophy?

A) Probation
B) Removing neglected or abused youths from their home
C) Placing delinquent youth in a secure confinement
D) All of the above

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

In __________, the Supreme Court ruled that the transfer decision from juvenile court to criminal court is a "critically important stage" in the judicial proceedings and provided four safeguards before a transfer.

A) In re Gault
B) In re Winship
C) Kent v. U.S
D) Breed v. Jones

Question 5

All of the following were due process rights afforded to juveniles through the Supreme Court case of In re Gault EXCEPT for:

A) The right to a transfer hearing
B) The right to counsel
C) The right to cross-examine witnesses
D) The right against self-incrimination

Question 6

In __________, the Court held that pretrial detention of a juvenile defendant does not violate the Due Process Clause.

A) In re Winship
B) Breed v. Jones
C) Kent v. U.S
D) Schall v. Martin

Question 7

Which of the following is a difference the courts recognize between juveniles and adults that demonstrates the former cannot be classified among the worst offenders deserving of the death penalty?

A) Juveniles have a lack of maturity and an underdeveloped sense of responsibility
B) Juveniles are more susceptible to outside influences
C) A juvenile's character is not as well formed as that of an adult
D) All of the above

Question 8

In which case did the Court hold that the execution of a person under 16 years of age at the time of the offense was a violation of the Eighth Amendment rights based on "evolving standards of decency"?

A) Thompson v. Oklahoma
B) Stanford v. Kentucky
C) Roper v. Simmons
D) None of the above

Question 9

In which case did the Court uphold the death sentence for those who committed capital crimes at 16 or 17 years old?

A) Thompson v. Oklahoma
B) Stanford v. Kentucky
C) Graham v. Florida
D) Miller v. Alabama

Question 10

The Supreme Court abolished the death penalty for juvenile offenders who commit a capital offense under the age of 18 in __________.

A) Thompson v. Oklahoma
B) Stanford v. Kentucky
C) Roper v. Simmons
D) Atkins v. Virginia

Question 11

The Supreme Court ruled on the use of life without parole for juveniles who commit non-homicide offenses in which case?

A) Thompson v. Oklahoma
B) Stanford v. Kentucky
C) Graham v. Florida
D) Miller v. Alabama

Question 12

In __________, the Supreme Court held that the Eighth Amendment forbids mandatory LWOP for juvenile homicide offenders

A) Thompson v. Oklahoma
B) Stanford v. Kentucky
C) Graham v. Florida
D) Miller v. Alabama

Question 13

In the early 20^th century, juvenile proceedings were considered civil proceedings. Because juvenile proceedings were considered civil, which of the following constitutional protections were not guaranteed to juveniles?

A) The right to counsel
B) The right against self-incrimination
C) The right of notice of the charge(s) against them
D) All of the above

Question 14

Breed v. Jones (1975) protected juveniles from double jeopardy, holding that whichever court hears the facts of the case must also issue the sanction if the youth is found guilty.

Question 15

The one constitutional right that has not been extended to juvenile court proceedings is jury trials.

Question 16

In juvenile court proceedings today, states only need to prove their case by a preponderance of the evidence.

Question 17

The Supreme Court case of Kent v. U.S was the first in which the Supreme Court provided oversight into the juvenile court process.

Question 18

In In re Winship, the issue of due process was addressed, granting juvenile certain due process rights.

Question 19

Roper v. Simmons overturned the Court's decision in Stanford v. Kentucky and abolished death sentences for juveniles.

Question 20

The opportunity for parole does not have to be given to juveniles.

Question 21

The Due Process Clause is found in the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 22

In Graham v. Florida, the Court left it to the states to determine whether to use LWOP for juveniles who commit murder.

Question 23

The case regarding jury trials in juvenile court proceedings is McKeiver v. Pennsylvania.

Question 24

The safeguards provided in Kent v. U.S were the right to a transfer hearing, right to counsel at the hearing, access to records, and written statements of the reasons for the judge's decision.

Question 25

Explain the constitutional rights afforded to juveniles and the Supreme Court cases that guarantee these rights.

Question 26

Summarize the prevailing case law on the death penalty and LWOP sentences in juvenile proceedings.

Question 27

Discuss the differences in adult and juvenile court proceedings, and why these differences exist.