Deck 15: Terrorism, Technology, Accountability, and the Future of American Policing

Question 1

The FBI defines ______ as the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives.

A) assault
B) terrorism
C) extortion
D) warfare

Answer 1

terrorism

Question 2

During this "era of policing," politicians controlled virtually every aspect of policing and officers were corrupt and generally inef?cient.

A) the political era of policing
B) the professional era of policing
C) the problem-solving era of policing
D) the homeland security era of policing

Answer 2

the political era of policing

Question 3

______ involves attacks on computer systems in order to steal information or to disrupt infrastructure operations, such as utility or transportation systems.

A) Techno-crime
B) White-collar crime
C) Cyberterrorism
D) Infowars

Answer 3

Cyberterrorism

Question 4

The September 11, 2001 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda are examples of ______.

A) right-wing extremism
B) domestic terrorism
C) international terrorism
D) lone wolf terrorism

Question 5

A person who believes in the religious duty of Muslims to spread the religion through militant means is called a ______.

A) jainist
B) right-wing extremist
C) lone wolf terrorist
D) jihadist

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a right-wing extremist group?

A) Al-Qaeda
B) the Japanese Red Army
C) Aryan Nations
D) ISIS

Question 7

Terrorists who act on their own without attachment to, or help from, a terrorist group or a government are called ______.

A) state-sponsored terrorists
B) lone wolf terrorists
C) jihadists
D) right-wing extremists

Question 8

This database is maintained by the University of Maryland and contains data on terrorist incidents from 1970 to 2017.

A) global terrorism database
B) RAND database of worldwide terror incidents
C) world terror index
D) political unrest database

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of terrorist cells?

A) They are usually geographically concentrated in one area or city
B) The members of the cell know the names and locations of other cells
C) Usually have about 40 members
D) Each cell plays a specific role in the purpose of the overall mission

Question 10

According to the global terrorism database, from 1970 to 2017, approximately ______ terrorist attacks took place in the United States.

A) 5,000
B) 315
C) 900
D) 2,800

Question 11

What will most likely be the center of technology-related legal challenges in the future?

A) ownership
B) accuracy
C) privacy
D) reliability

Question 12

What limitations should the police consider when it comes to technology?

A) its limited capabilities
B) its costs
C) privacy concerns
D) all of these

Question 13

______ is a type of software that is unknowingly downloaded that takes control of a computer, or renders it inoperable, until payment is made to the person responsible for the attack.

A) Spyware
B) Phishing
C) Ransomware
D) Malware

Question 14

______ involves obtaining usernames, passwords, and other personal information through trickery.

A) Phishing
B) Hacking
C) Sextortion
D) Spyware

Question 15

______ involves the infiltration of a computer or computer system to gain control over that system in order to steal user information or other sensitive information.

A) Spoofing
B) Hacking
C) Phishing
D) Spyware

Question 16

______ is a type of software that collects and transmits information about computer usage to another person or computer without the computer user's consent.

A) Spoofing
B) Hacking
C) Phishing
D) Spyware

Question 17

The USA Patriot Act of 2001 has been modified over the years and today exists as the ______.

A) USA Freedom Act
B) USA Liberty Act
C) Freedom of Information Act
D) Expanded Police Powers Act

Question 18

Holding police officers responsible for their conduct is called ______.

A) justice
B) punishment
C) accountability
D) reliability

Question 19

______ is the nationwide DNA network that includes DNA samples from convicted offenders and crime scenes.

A) NCIC
B) CODIS
C) PRAXIS
D) IAFIS

Question 20

Accountability of the police may be enhanced through the use of ______.

A) body-worn cameras
B) militarization
C) DNA analysis
D) police use of robots

Question 21

______ are technologies that are capable of identifying a person by measuring a feature of a person's unique physical characteristics.

A) Biometrics
B) Jurimetrics
C) Biodynamics
D) Phenometrics

Question 22

______ is an electronic system that stores and monitors data on police officer performance and can be used to identify potentially problematic performance.

A) Early intervention systems
B) Behavior identification systems
C) Behavior modification systems
D) Performance evaluation systems

Question 23

What form of terrorism have the police departments in the U.S. identified to be of most concern?

A) right-wing extremism
B) international terrorism
C) radicals
D) cyberterrorism

Question 24

The DNA technology, whereby physical characteristics of individuals can be determined on the basis of a DNA profile, is called DNA ______.

A) stereotyping
B) miniaturization
C) strand analysis
D) phenotyping

Question 25

______ technology can detect heat from closed structures thus allowing one to "see" through walls.

A) DNA phenotyping
B) Thermal imaging
C) UAVs
D) Gunshot detection

Question 26

______ can capture a facial image on camera and compare it to digital images stored in a reference database.

A) UAVs
B) Thermal imaging
C) Facial recognition systems
D) IAFIS

Question 27

Which of the following technologies would likely increase police accountability and transparency?

A) thermal imaging
B) body cameras
C) UAVs
D) biometrics

Question 28

A DNA profile cannot identify ______.

A) eye color
B) sex
C) race
D) age

Question 29

Historically, crisis is what has led to change in policing styles.

Question 30

Because of its unique advantages, most experts believe that the community problem-solving era of policing will last forever.

Question 31

Thanks in large part to international law, there is only one definition of terrorism.

Question 32

Many new demands have been placed on the police, including dealing with the threat posed by terrorism.

Question 33

The Ku Klux Klan is an example of an international terrorist organization.

Question 34

Al-Qaeda is an example of a jihadist organization.

Question 35

Cyberterrorism involves attacks on computer systems in order to steal information or to disrupt infrastructure operations, such as utility or transportation systems.

Question 36

Most police departments in the U.S. have identified right-wing terrorism as a top terrorist threat.

Question 37

A lone wolf terrorist is someone who acts on their own in planning and carrying out a terrorist act.

Question 38

Terrorists who receive funding, support, training, or protection from a government are called state-sponsored terrorists.

Question 39

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 were the last terrorist attacks in the United States.

Question 40

It is most likely that the police of the future will be less militaristic.

Question 41

Research has shown that body-worn cameras have potential as a tool of police accountability.

Question 42

Most far-right extremist terrorist attacks are committed by terrorist groups, not so-called "lone wolves."

Question 43

Regardless of their actual effect on police accountability, the adoption of body-worn cameras shows a commitment to police accountability and transparency.

Question 44

Terrorist cells are small groups of individuals who play a limited role in the operation of the greater terrorist organization.

Question 45

Spyware is software that collects and transmits information about computer usage to another person or computer without the computer user's consent.

Question 46

The police are likely to remain controversial even with the use of body-worn cameras.

Question 47

Sextortion refers to the use of the internet or other electronic means to coerce an individual into a sexual relationship or behaviors.

Question 48

Spoofing involves a person misrepresenting his or her identity through an e-mail in order to obtain user information.

Question 49

"Militarization of the Police" refers specifically to the practice of hiring former members of the armed forces as police officers.

Question 50

Owing to strong international laws, policing is likely to become less global in the future.

Question 51

The USA Patriot Act expanded the power of the police.

Question 52

Accountability is the process of holding the police responsible for their conduct.

Question 53

CODIS is a nationwide DNA network that includes DNA samples from convicted offenders and crime scenes.

Question 54

Assess the role of crisis and change in police history.

Question 55

Identify at least three of the new demands on the police.

Question 56

Define terrorism and identify at least three variations.

Question 57

Explain the concept of radicalization and describe how one becomes radicalized.

Question 58

Explain the difference between state-sponsored and lone wolf terrorism and provide examples of each.

Question 59

Discuss three of the predictions about the changes that police might have to face in the future.

Question 60

Discuss the challenges posed by terrorism for law enforcement.

Question 61

Discuss technology as a new demand on the police.

Question 62

Identify and explain at least four types of common cyberattacks or crimes.

Question 63

Explain what is meant by the term "militarization of the police."

Question 64

Identify and evaluate two types of technology that may increase officer accountability.

Question 65

Identify and assess at least two technologies available to the police that aid in identification of offenders.

Question 66

Identify and assess at least two technologies available to police that aid in "seeing" or detecting crime.

Question 67

Identify at least two types of technologies for computer and internet applications available to law enforcement and discuss how these technologies may be used.

Question 68

Discuss the consequences of technology on policing and the law.