Deck 41: Praxis Principles of Learning and Teaching

Question 1

Marlowe is teaching a unit on how government works. She provides diagrams to show the structure of the US government to her 7th graders. One of her objectives is to teach her students to be able to see the structure within the information she is teaching. What she is trying to reinforce is referred to as:

A)Metacognition
B)Abstract thinking
C)Schema
D)Conditioning

Answer 1

Schema

Question 2

Hayden is a 9th grade math teacher. She thinks that some of the students in her class are failing because they think math is "un-cool." She understands that the social environment of her students has shifted between middle school and high school, and recognizes her responsibility to bring about an authentic interest in her subject matter. Which of the following strategies might effectively impact students' attitudes?

A)Creating a unit on the history of famous mathematicians
B)Reminding her students daily of the importance of math
C)Bringing in guest speakers from a local college to speak about their academic goals
D)Rewarding top-performers with a pizza party

Answer 2

Bringing in guest speakers from a local college to speak about their academic goals

Question 3

Brown v. Board of Education set legal precedent that stated

A)Educational services must be provided regardless of a student's native language
B)Separate educational facilities for black students are fundamentally unequal
C)Students have a right to due process prior to being suspended
D)Students who receive free or reduced lunches qualify for reduced academic fees

Answer 3

Separate educational facilities for black students are fundamentally unequal

Question 4

Moniz teaches a class on study skills to students entering the 9th grade. In her first class she asks students to complete a learning style inventory. The purpose of the learning style inventory is to determine what type of learner each student is - visual, auditory, or kinesthetic. She uses this to tailor instruction. Which of the following type of assessment would a learning style inventory be classified as?

A)Formative Assessment
B)Diagnostic Assessment
C)Summative Assessment
D)Criterion-based Assessment

Question 5

Cooper, an 8th grade social studies teacher, attempts to bring both sides of an argument to his students on any controversial material he teaches. When he is teaching about a current debate, he asks students to write a journal response discussing their beliefs on the topic and where their beliefs come from. This sort of written response would utilize which of the following cognitive processes?

A)Norm-referenced thinking
B)Metacognitive thinking
C)Operational thinking
D)Positive thinking

Question 6

A school modeled in a progressivist tradition would employ which of the following strategies during instruction? I) Discovery approach
II) Guided approach
III) Lecture-based approach

A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I, II and III

Question 7

Middle Vale High School works hard to prepare their students for standardized tests like the PSAT and SAT. In the 9th grade year, all students are given a standardized test to determine their current abilities. Once the students have taken the test, the tests are first graded to see the original data that each student has generated. Following the initial grading, the scores are converted to rank, compare or analyze the students' abilities. Doing this will generate which of the following?

A)Raw Score
B)Percentile Score
C)Achievement Score
D)Scaled Score

Question 8

Boone has been teaching sixth-grade Science for five years. She is very knowledgeable about both the state standards and the content of the course. She has excellent rapport with her colleagues and is active with her school's extracurricular activities. However, she has noticed some undesirable behaviors occurring during her instructional blocks. Many of the students begin socializing during extended lessons and independent work. Which of the following behavioral strategies would be most helpful to Mrs. Boone in reducing the students' socializing and time off task?

A)Cut lengthy assignments into smaller chunks of time, move about the room frequently offering individualized assistance and create incentive systems
B)Ask the principal to come address the class regarding their behavior
C)Call all of the students' parents and tell them that you will be providing after-school detentions to those that get off task
D)Begin removing classroom privileges with each incident and punish the students as a class if the off-task behaviors remain pervasive

Question 9

During the final week of school, Mr. Johnson takes his sixth-grade students to the computer lab and has them create a multimedia presentation titled, "This is Who I Am." He has collaborated with a middle school teacher so that the students will update and present their electronic flip-chart during the first week of school the following year. According to Erikson's theory, Mr. Johnson and his colleague are most likely supporting the positive development of which stage of human development?

A)Integrity vs. despair
B)Generativity vs. stagnation
C)Identity vs. role confusion
D)Intimacy vs. isolation

Question 10

Which of the following actions is NOT legal in an educational environment?

A)Books may be removed from the school library
B)Students can be denied education for criminal behavior
C)Schools can fire teachers for their behavior outside of class
D)Schools can withhold school records from parents

Question 11

After looking at testing data, Mr. Evans feels that too much data indicate what is conventionally known: students in lower socioeconomic settings perform less well than their more affluent peers. Which of the following actions might Mr. Evans take to improve the instruction for his students who fall into the lower socioeconomic category?

A)Reading professional literature on raising standards for lower socioeconomic children
B)Providing more student-centered learning experiences
C)Providing more teacher-centered learning experiences
D)Being a more culturally sensitive teacher

Question 12

Fischer who teaches math to 9th graders, has as an objective to help his students' develop their self-motivation. Which of the following strategies should he employ for this objective? I) Assigning meaningful work
II) Offering positive reinforcements
III) Offering discovery learning opportunities
IV) Overemphasizing achievement

A)I, II and III
B)I, III and IV
C)I, II and IV
D)II, III and IV

Question 13

Fischer, a math teacher, teaches his first unit of Algebra to a class of 9th graders. For the assessment, he asks his students to create board games that require the solving of algebraic equations to move forward in the game. Which of the following types of thinking would he be asking his students to do? I) Creative thinking
II) Problem-solving thinking
III) Formal operational thinking

A)I, II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I, II and III

Question 14

In order to promote effective partnerships with parents, educators should

A)Require that another school professional be present during all parent meetings
B)Acknowledge how busy they are by only contacting them if there is a problem
C)Communicate with parents in ways that are both positive and respectful
D)Communicate negative information to parents through a guidance counselor

Question 15

Students with disabilities are afforded the right to a free and appropriate education by Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 between the ages of

A)Birth and 18 years
B)5 and 18 years
C)3 and 21 years
D)Birth and 21 years

Question 16

While teaching Romeo and Juliet to his 9th graders, Mr. Sinnott finds that students are getting bored and overwhelmed by the language of Shakespeare. He wants to provide intrinsic motivation to the students to engage with the text so that he is able to maintain full class appreciation for the play. Which strategy would NOT provide intrinsic motivation to his students?

A)Asking his students to write a journal response about a personal experience similar to those in the play
B)Starting a discussion about disputes between families and their effects on kids
C)Sharing his own personal story about why he appreciates the play
D)Having students discuss in small groups similar experiences of which they are aware

Question 17

Connor is a fifth-grade student who demonstrates an above average propensity toward playing instruments. He frequently taps on his desk with obvious rhythm. Also, when he hears a song, he moves to the beat. His teacher recognizes Connor's highly developed musical intelligence. Which of the following activities would best use his musical learning modality to support him in learning the difference between solving for a rectangle's perimeter and area?

A)Play classical music while he works on a worksheet independently
B)Have him write the formulas repeatedly until he has memorized them
C)Teach him to sing a song that explains the difference between solving them
D)Give him practice problems with the formulas written at the top of the page

Question 18

Cherry divides his fifth-grade class into groups of four. Each member of the group is given direct instruction on their role during the lesson. A copy of a reading selection or a novel is given to each student. They are then directed to read a specific amount of the text independently. After the reading, Ms. Cherry directs the students to move into their groups where they will discuss the reading in an effort to garner meaning from the text. This activity is an example of which discussion strategy?

A)A panel debate
B)Whole group discussion
C)Literature circle
D)Socratic seminar

Question 19

Watkins teaches a class of 8th graders that includes a number of students diagnosed with learning disabilities. There are two aides in the classroom that work with the students with disabilities. All students are educated to the state standards and course objectives and assessed on their learning at the end of the year. Some of the students receive accommodations during their assessment. The type of classroom that Mrs. Watkins teaches in would be referred to by which of the following terms?

A)Inclusive
B)Self-contained
C)Independent learning
D)Homogenous grouping

Question 20

Charlotte Black is an average student who puts little effort into her work. She is given a writing assignment in her 9th grade English class and receives an A on it. Her teacher is surprised that she has earned this grade, and is concerned that something is amiss. Which of the following would be the most appropriate response to this situation?

A)Asking Charlotte who wrote the paper for her
B)Asking Charlotte to explain how she succeeded on this assignment and not on others
C)Asking Charlotte why she doesn't do as well on other assignments
D)Asking Charlotte what she liked about this assignment and her work

Question 21

Forting is a fifth-grade teacher that believes students have a responsibility to impact their community in a positive way, to treat individuals around them with respect and to participate in extra-curricular activities which promote health and wellness. Which expression of teacher advocacy does Ms. Forting appear to be using for the benefit of her students?

A)Providing opportunities which promote the development of lifelong learning habits
B)Supporting the development of academic, social, physical and civic responsibility
C)Collaborating with peers, families and professionals
D)Adhering to local state and federal laws and guidelines

Question 22

Phillip is a rising sixth-grade student whois considered significantly more advanced than his classmates. Despite the fact that he is in advanced courses, he frequently masters the content before his peers. He becomes frustrated with the other students when he has to wait on them to complete activities that he completed quickly and accurately. In the past, several of his teachers would allow him to put his head down or draw as the other students completed the assignments that he had quickly mastered. After learning all of this, Phillip's sixth-grade team decides that they need to challenge him during the upcoming year. Which of the following differentiated instructional formatswouldbest accomplish the goal of assessing Phillip's learning quickly and then moving him onto higher levels of mastery while his classmates work at their appropriate pace?

A)Curriculum chunking
B)Flexible grouping
C)Curriculum compacting
D)Reciprocal teaching

Question 23

Ruiz uses a technique where he has students repeat his verb conjugations multiple times aloud as a class during his 9th grade Spanish language class. On a daily basis he holds these call and response sessions. His purpose in doing this is developing which of the following cognitive skills for his students?

A)Critical thinking
B)Problem solving
C)Memory and recall
D)Inductive reasoning

Question 24

Before starting a unit on World War II (WWII), Mrs. Jovanik takes her fifth-grade class on a field trip to the USS Yorktown, a WWII aircraft carrier that is moored at Patriot's Point near downtown Charleston, South Carolina. While there, she engages the students in role-playing dialogue and frequently asks them how they would react to certain situations that the WWII soldiers assigned to the USS Yorktown would have experienced. Over the next couple of weeks, as they read and discuss WWII, Mrs. Jovanik frequently refers back to the trip. Which instructional approach is Mrs. Jovanik likely using to help students make connections in their learning about WWII?

A)Anchored instruction
B)Graphic organizers
C)Learning Centers
D)Reciprocal Teaching

Question 25

Which of the following lessons would help student develop their Formal Operational stage as based on the theories of Erik Eriksen?

A)Asking students to write a play thematically based on a social issue
B)Asking students to conduct a lab experiment
C)Asking students to complete a standardized test
D)Asking students to write a reflective essay

Question 26

Handwriting is very laborious for a fifth-grade student named Allen. He has average to above average grades and is a very creative writer with an age-appropriate mastery of the conventions of written Standard American English (SAE). Due to an injury sustained in early childhood, he experiences severe hand fatigue and shooting pains whenever he is asked to write by hand for extended periods of time. If Allen takes a test that requires lengthy, written answers, which of the following accommodations would NOT be appropriate?

A)Short breaks during testing
B)Oral administration of the test items
C)Typing and printing his responses
D)All of the above are appropriate accomodations.

Question 27

Lafferty has just completed a lesson on the three branches of government as part of her larger unit on American politics in her 9th grade Social Studies class. Which of the following would be an appropriate assessment to give her students to gauge individual mastery of the concepts covered in this lesson topic?

A)Having students individually design a concept map in class of the three branches of government
B)Having students write an opinion of having three branches of government
C)Having students conduct peer conferences to prepare for upcoming final assessment
D)Having students complete a homework assignment reviewing the topic

Question 28

A fifth-grade class is studying the phases of water. During a two-day lab activity, the students boil water, create ice and interact with liquid water at room temperature. They observe the characteristics of the phases and log their observations into their lab notebooks. The teacher then has them pair up and create a prediction on what would have to occur in order for water to go straight from the frozen phase to the gas phase. Based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development, at which stage of development are these students most likely working?

A)Sensorimotor
B)Formal operational
C)Concrete operational
D)Preoperational

Question 29

Tyree is a new teacher and leading her class of 9th graders on their first field trip. The trip is to an outdoor sculpture park. During the trip, Ms. Tyree is using her cell phone to text message with another teacher about her day out of the classroom. While she is using her phone, two students are horsing around, a student collides with a sculpture, and the sculpture falls against another student, breaking her arm. Which of the following consequences might the teacher face?
I. She could be fired
II. She could be suspended
III. She could be sued

A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I, II and III

Question 30

Zofia is a sixth-grade student that is very energetic and obviously sports inclined. She is a strong reader and works at grade-level in math, science and social studies. However, she is struggling with the traditional spelling test format. She says that she has a "bad memory" and that her mother has always told her this. Her Language Arts teacher decides to observe how Zofia studies her words during the allotted classroom time. During the ten minute session, Zofia fidgets and doodles on her papers. Occasionally, she reads a couple of the words and their definitions. Given these characteristics, which of the intelligences below would Gardner most likely identify as an appropriate instructional modality to utilize with Zofia?

A)Intrapersonal
B)Musical
C)Verbal
D)Kinesthetic

Question 31

After completing a unit on habitat conservation, Allendale Elementary School's fifth-grade team takes their students on a field trip to a local wildlife center at a state nature preserve. While there, the students are given opportunities to touch living creatures native to the area and perform simple experiments focusing on various types of pollution and its effect on habitats. They then watch presentations on recycling and proper disposal of certain types of garbage. What would be the most logical justification for this field trip?

A)To provide students with first-person, hands-on experiences that could deepen the students' knowledge of the concepts contained within the conservation unit
B)To encourage students to participate in community efforts to clean up litter on the roadsides and to report citizens that litter
C)To build an anticipatory set for the next unit that the team will begin the following school day
D)To assess the students' mastery levels on the key concepts presented during the instructional phase of the conservation unit

Question 32

Hardin first teaches his sixth grade math class how to solve a basic, one-step algebraic equation. He then writes a two-step equation on the board and has the students get into pairs and attempt to solve it without further instruction. What concept of learning is Mr. Hardin most likely hoping his students will experience?

A)Transference
B)Extrinsic motivation
C)Over generalization
D)Metacognition

Question 33

Sinnott is teaching Romeo and Juliet to his class of 9th graders. He wants to incorporate as many learning styles into his instruction as possible. Which strategy would work best for the auditory learners in his classroom?

A)Having the text read aloud as the students read from their own text
B)Silent reading of Act I
C)Having student directors oversee the reading of each scene
D)Asking students to memorize a favorite monologue

Question 34

Times are still tough at Ridgemont High. Students are not performing well on the state-assessment. New teachers are coming and going every year; there is very high turnover in the teaching staff. The principal is new to the school and recognizes that the cultural seems to expect failure. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for the principal to institute to help change this attitude?

A)More test preparation
B)More emphasis on homework
C)Performance-based opportunities
D)Incentives for good behavior

Question 35

When using eye contact as a strategy for communicating behavioral expectations, teachers should be aware that

A)Eye contact can be used in all behavior situations once it has been established
B)Cultural characteristics may affect the way students react to the direct eye contact
C)No prior instruction is necessary for students to react correctly to direct eye contact
D)Eye contact is only effective when it is presented with an angry countenance

Question 36

At the beginning of the school year, Middle Vale High School gives a standardized test to all 9th graders. Middle Vale is a notoriously competitive school and they seek to prepare students for the rigors of standardized tests. David Hernandez, a 9th grade student scores in the 60th percentile on the test. Which of the following does this fact indicate?

A)David got 60% of the questions correct
B)David knows 60% more than other students
C)David did as well or better than 60% of other 9th graders
D)David did worse than 60% of other 9th graders

Question 37

Jillian is reading her textbook in order to prepare for a classroom test. She is scanning the headlines and highlighting as she reads. At the end of each section, she scans back over the text asking herself questions to identify information that she needs to take away from the text. Jillian is demonstrating the stance of a(n)

A)Literal reader
B)Concrete reader
C)Aesthetic reader
D)Efferent reader

Question 38

Riley gives an end of quarter exam to her 9th grade Math class. Ms. Riley likes to analyze the results in a variety of ways. One of the points of data she wants to gather is what the most common scores are. Doing this would get her which of the following results?

A)Median
B)Mean
C)Mode
D)Standard Deviation

Question 39

Ewing teaches math to 9th graders and believes that to teach them effectively, he needs to have a clear understanding of each student's information processing modalities. Which of the following assessment might he give to determine this information?

A)A multiple-choice and essay test
B)A reflective essay on a learning experience
C)Paired work reviewing learning strategies
D)Individual work reviewing learning strategies

Question 40

Newton is reading one chapter from a novel to her fifth-grade class each day. After she reads aloud, the students are given ten to fifteen minutes to write in their literature journals. Monday through Thursday, they are given topics or questions to respond to. On Friday they can free write in response to the reading. Which theory of knowledge most likely influenced Mrs. Newton to use the journaling activity during her lesson?

A)Choice theory
B)Constructivism
C)Behaviorism
D)Cognitivism

Question 41

Intellectual freedom for a teacher means that a teacher may engage in activities EXCEPT which of the following?

A)Free to conduct independent research
B)Free to discuss their students
C)Free to express personal opinions in class
D)Free to challenge a school policy

Question 42

Carlson is a sixth-grade history teacher. He has noticed that his first period class has several students whodemonstrate a lack of note-taking skills. He decides to select a few different note-taking approaches that he will teach them to use so that they can select the one that works best for them. Which of the following is NOT an effective note-taking approach that Mr. Carlson could choose from?

A)Outlining
B)Double-entry pages
C)Listing key words and phrases
D)SQ3R

Question 43

Riley gives an end of quarter exam to her 9th grade Math class. Ms. Riley likes to analyze the results in a variety of ways. One method she uses is to add together all the scores and determine what the average score of her class is. Doing this would get her which of the following results?

A)Mode
B)Median
C)Mean
D)Standard Deviation

Question 44

During a school-wide unit on substance abuse, sixth-grade students are placed in the driver's seat of an electric golf cart within a highly controlled setting. They are directed to put on a pair of specialized glasses which distort their vision in order to allow the students to experience how difficult it is to drive while legally drunk. This is an example of partial immersion known as a:

A)Reflection
B)Representation
C)Model
D)Simulation

Question 45

Ruiz uses a technique where he has students repeat his verb conjugations multiple times aloud as a class during his 9th grade Spanish language class. On a daily basis he holds these call and response sessions. His instructional method in doing this is which of the following?

A)Thematic-based instruction
B)Explicit instruction
C)Conference-style instruction
D)Remedial instruction

Question 46

Nelson is teaching a science lesson to his fifth grade students. The primary objective is to identify key differences and similarities between plant cells and animal cells. Which graphic organizer would be the most helpful during Mr. Nelson's lesson?

A)Venn diagram
B)Mind map
C)Problem-solution outline
D)Flow chart

Question 47

Melanie is a sixth-grade student who is proficient at note-taking. Before instruction begins, she folds a piece of notebook paper in half and draws a line down the crease to divide the page into two columns. During the lesson and any readings, Melanie writes notes in the left-hand column. After the instruction is complete, she rereads her notes and uses the right-hand column to write key words, connections, her own reflections on the lesson and any remaining questions she has. This note-taking strategy is commonly referred to as:

A)Double-entry page
B)SQ3R
C)Column notes
D)Reflective note-taking

Question 48

Lafferty also wants to integrate learning activities more regularly in her 9th grade Social Studies class. This would mean she would employ which of the following strategies?

A)Provide more positive reinforcement
B)Vary group-learning with lecture-based approach
C)Provide more time with computers
D)Teach students proper behavior as well as other learning objectives

Question 49

On a reading comprehension assessment for all 9th graders, there are passages designed to follow the Cloze procedure for assessing comprehension. Which of the following statements applies to this activity?

A)Students have to write response to check for comprehension
B)Words and phrases are deleted from passages to check for comprehension
C)Student are asked to answer questions about individual words to check for comprehension
D)Passages are highlighted as important to check for comprehension

Question 50

Tyree is a new teacher and leading her class of 9th graders on their first field trip. The trip is to an outdoor sculpture park. During the trip, Ms. Tyree is using her cell phone to text message with another teacher about her day out of the classroom. A third teacher finds out that Ms. Tyree was text messaging while supervising a field trip, and raises the concern to the principal. Which of the following actions could occur to Ms. Tyree as a consequence of these events?
I. She could be suspended
II. She could be reprimanded
III. Parents could issue complaints
IV. Field trip supervision would get a couple new rules about text messaging

A)I, II and III
B)I, III and IV
C)I and II
D)I, II, III and IV

Question 51

Yesenia is a sixth grade student in Ms. Uriba's math class. During the first three weeks of school, Ms. Uriba began seeing a pattern in Yesenia's behavior. She will work independently and volunteer to do work on the board whenever she understands a new concept or procedure. However, if she does not seem to understand the new content, she will often give up and say negative things about her own ability to learn. What conclusion could Ms. Uriba draw from these behavior patterns?

A)These are possible the signs of "learned helplessness"
B)These behaviors likely evidence the existence of a learning disability
C)Yesinia's parents do not value math, and she is modeling their behavior
D)Yesinia is an auditory learner

Question 52

McGinnis's sixth-grade math class is reviewing the difference between the area and perimeter of a rectangle. He teaches the class to sing the following to the tune of a common nursery rhyme: "Length times width, length times width, length times width equals area. Perimeter means you add up all the sides. Now you know my silly rhyme." This is an example of which instructional strategy?

A)Reflection
B)Concept mapping
C)Discovery learning
D)Mnemonic

Question 53

Chi, a fifth-grade teacher, has noticed that one of her students named Johnny typically quits attempting a skill when he begins to struggle with it. This behavior can be observed during academic lessons and during social activities such as sports. According to Erikson's Eight Stages of Human Development, which of the following crisis is Johnny likely experiencing?

A)Intimacy vs. isolation
B)Trust vs. mistrust
C)Competence vs. inferiority
D)Integrity vs. despair

Question 54

Scores that demonstrate the grade level and month of the school year at which a student is performing is referred to as:

A)Percentile rankings
B)Raw scores
C)Grade-level equivalent scores
D)Scaled scores

Question 55

Billings is preparing lesson plans for his sixth-grade math class on the topics of the area and perimeter of basic shapes. He decides that he would rather expose the students to real-life scenarios that require the ability to calculate area and perimeter rather than simply teaching them the concepts. He designs a series of lessons wherein the students will create a floor plan and decoration budget for their perfect bedroom. As part of the assignment, they will calculate the amount of wallpaper and carpet they will need as well as how much rope lighting will be needed to go entirely around the room. He will grade their work products using a teacher-made rubric. Which instructional learning approach is Mr. Billings using to teach the concepts of area and perimeter?

A)Reciprocal teaching
B)Independent studies
C)Demonstration
D)Project-based learning