Deck 15: Basic Data Analysis: Descriptive Statistics

Question 1

When you view the Advanced Automobile Concepts survey data on the data editor screen in SPSS showing columns and rows of data, you are viewing:

A) a data matrix
B) associative data (row data are associated with column data)
C) differences data (row data are different from column data)
D) population determination data
E) None of the above; there is no data editor screen in SPSS.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following contains a list of all the variables, their names, and codes associated with each possible response to each question?

A) data code book
B) data variables identification book
C) survey ID book
D) anonymous respondent data book
E) project master file

Answer 2

A

Question 3

If a marketing manager were to need a statistical analysis to make a forecast or prediction, he or she would most likely use:

A) differences analysis
B) predictive analysis
C) variance analysis
D) associative analysis
E) population determination analysis

Answer 3

B

Question 4

"The average respondent's age is 44" is an example of which function of data analysis?

A) conceptualization
B) communication
C) generalization
D) summarization
E) reflection

Question 5

Which of the following best describes data entry?

A) identification of codes that pertain to the possible responses for each question on the questionnaire
B) identification of all the variable names and code numbers associated with each possible response to each question making up the dataset
C) raw data arranged in columns representing answers to various questions and in rows representing each respondent or case
D) the creation of a computer file that holds the raw data taken from all of the questionnaires deemed suitable for analysis
E) a process of importing data from other stat packages that are Intel-compatible into SCSS

Question 6

Which type of statistical analysis would we use to determine if College of Business college graduates' starting salary was different from their counterparts in liberal arts?

A) differences analysis
B) descriptive analysis
C) inferential analysis
D) associative analysis
E) population determination analysis

Question 7

The statistical software package that is used with your textbook is:

A) WorldStats
B) MICROStats
C) SPSS
D) SCSS
E) SASS

Question 8

Which type of statistical analysis is used to generalize the results of the sample to the target population that it represents?

A) averages and trends
B) descriptive analysis
C) inferential analysis
D) population determination analysis
E) associative analysis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a data matrix?

A) the creation of a computer file that holds the raw data taken from all of the questionnaires deemed suitable for analysis
B) identification of codes that pertain to the possible responses for each question on the questionnaire
C) identification of all the variable names and code numbers associated with each possible response to each question making up the dataset
D) coded raw data arranged in columns representing answers to various questions and in rows representing each respondent or case
E) data arranged such that variables are entered horizontally and each respondent's response is on the diagonal

Question 10

Which of the following best describes data coding?

A) the creation of a computer file that holds the raw data taken from all of the questionnaires deemed suitable for analysis
B) identification of codes that pertain to the possible responses for each question on the questionnaire
C) identification of all the variable names and code numbers associated with each possible response to each question making up the dataset
D) raw data arranged in columns representing answers to various questions and in rows representing each respondent or case
E) using codes to represent responses of respondents who have been promised anonymity

Question 11

Which of the following is the term statisticians use to describe the degree to which data vary?

A) variance
B) variations
C) differentiation
D) data changes
E) delta

Question 12

Regression analysis or times series analysis are often used in which type of statistical analysis?

A) differences analysis
B) predictive analysis
C) variance analysis
D) associative analysis
E) population determination analysis

Question 13

What is the process of describing a data matrix by computing a small number of measures that characterize the dataset?

A) data description
B) small population correction factors
C) data demagnification
D) data characterization
E) data summarization

Question 14

You can use SPSS to obtain the codes used for a dataset. You do this by opening the data file and going to:

A) CODE; DEFINITIONS; OUTPUT
B) UTILITIES-FILE INFO or UTILITIES-VARIABLES
C) UTILITIES; DEFINITIONS; CODES
D) DEFINITIONS; UTILITIES; VARIABLES; CODES; IDENTIFICATION LABELS
E) None of the above; SPSS is not your statistical package; it is SCSS.

Question 15

Which one of the following is NOT one of the four functions of data summarization discussed in your text?

A) summarization
B) conceptualization
C) underlying patterns
D) generalizes sample findings to the population
E) regresses data to facts

Question 16

Which term refers to any statistical measure used that somehow reflects a typical or frequent response?

A) averages and trends
B) frequency distribution
C) central variation
D) central tendency
E) typical matrix

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic types of statistical analyses used to reduce a data matrix?

A) inferential
B) differences
C) communication
D) predictive
E) associative

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of conceptualization?

A) The average respondent's age is 44.
B) The pie graph shows that few respondents are younger than 30 years of age.
C) Most satisfied customers recommend our brand to their friends.
D) This means that from 32% to 40% of the target market purchases our brand on a regular basis.
E) The average respondent works over 40 hours a week.

Question 19

Which type of statistical analysis is used to describe the sample data matrix in such a way as to portray the "typical" respondent and to reveal the general pattern of responses?

A) averages and trends
B) descriptive analysis
C) inferential analysis
D) associative analysis
E) regresses data to facts

Question 20

Assume a college professor wanted to know if the number of hours studied by her students was related to students' test scores. She would use:

A) descriptive analysis
B) interpolation
C) associative analysis
D) standard deviation analysis
E) population determination analysis

Question 21

Which of the following describes this data set: 12, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 6, 10, 11?

A) bimodal
B) trimodal
C) deuced
D) quadmodal
E) none of the above

Question 22

When we square the standard deviation, the result is known as the:

A) square of the standard deviation
B) square root of the standard deviation
C) variance
D) frequency distribution
E) standard squared distribution

Question 23

In the following data set, what is the median? 12, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 6, 10, 11

A) 4.66
B) 1
C) 42
D) 6
E) none of the above

Question 24

One of the advantages of the standard deviation is that it is a measure of variation that is also:

A) translatable in terms of the normal or bell-shaped curve distribution
B) calculated as part of the frequency distribution
C) included in the range
D) applicable when calculating the mode and median
E) easily calculated when preparing a percentage frequency distribution

Question 25

If two values are tied for the most frequent values in a dataset, the distribution is said to be:

A) deuced
B) modal
C) bimodal
D) semimodal
E) trimodal

Question 26

When the scale type is interval or ratio, the appropriate measure of central tendency is:

A) mode
B) median
C) mean
D) interval (or ratio) mode
E) all of the above

Question 27

When the scale type is nominal, the appropriate measure of central tendency is:

A) mode
B) median
C) mean
D) nominal mean
E) all of the above

Question 28

For a variable coded "0" or "1," there are 102 "0s" and 101 "1s." What is the central tendency?

A) 101.5
B) 102
C) 0
D) 1
E) none of the above

Question 29

If you have a question that has an interval or ratio scale, which of the following should be used to report the variability?

A) frequency distribution
B) cumulative percentage distribution
C) percentage distribution and range
D) standard deviation and range
E) accumulative percentage standard deviation

Question 30

Which is the best description of a frequency distribution?

A) the number of times a respondent answers each survey question
B) depicting the accumulative variance in a dataset
C) the number of frequencies that normal distributions appear in a dataset
D) the number of times that each different value appears in a particular set of values
E) none of the above

Question 31

In the formula for calculating the standard deviation, the differences between each observation and the mean is squared. If we did not square these differences, the standard deviation would:

A) be too small to be of any usefulness
B) always be near zero
C) not be normally distributed
D) not be interpreted by z scores
E) None of the above; the formula does not require that the differences be squared.

Question 32

If we examine a frequency distribution and find it to be very "stretched out" (not compressed), we can say:

A) There is a low standard deviation.
B) There is an average standard deviation.
C) There is a high standard deviation.
D) There is low variance.
E) None of the above: frequencies do not communicate anything about variability.

Question 33

Measures of variability are concerned with:

A) central tendency
B) depicting "typical" difference between the values in a set of values
C) depicting "typical" frequencies among the values in a set of values
D) depicting the similarities between one data matrix and another
E) none of the above

Question 34

Which of the following is true regarding the standard deviation?

A) It indicates the degree of variation in the values in such a way as to be translatable into a normal curve.
B) One standard deviation above and below the midpoint in a normal distribution includes 68 percent of the area underneath the curve.
C) + or - 1.96 standard deviations above and below the midpoint in a normal distribution includes 95 percent of the area underneath the curve.
D) + or - 2.58 standard deviations above and below the midpoint in a normal distribution includes 99 percent of the area underneath the curve.
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 35

The FactFinder Research firm conducted a survey for a national food manufacturer, and one of the issues addressed by the research was to determine how many pounds of fish were consumed per capita annually. In the survey they found one person who consumed only one pound of fish per year, while 10 people reported 200 pounds per year. The range was:

A) 200
B) 1 to 2,000
C) 201
D) 199
E) 190

Question 36

In the following data set, what is the mode? 12, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 6, 10, 11

A) 4.66
B) 1
C) 42
D) 6
E) none of the above

Question 37

The ________ identifies the distance between the lowest value (minimum)and the highest value (maximum)in an ordered set of values.

A) deviation
B) mode
C) frequency
D) distribution
E) range

Question 38

In the following data set, what is the mean? 12, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 6, 10, 11

A) 4.66
B) 1
C) 42
D) 6.421
E) none of the above

Question 39

When the scale type is ordinal, the appropriate measure of central tendency is:

A) mode
B) median
C) mean
D) ordinal mean
E) all of the above

Question 40

For purposes of comparison, we can convert the frequency distribution by dividing the frequency of each value by the total number of observations, which results in the:

A) comparative distribution
B) variable distribution
C) count distribution
D) percentage distribution
E) standard distribution

Question 41

When we describe the "typical" respondent using measures such as the mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and range, we are employing inferential analysis.

Question 42

Descriptive analysis relies primarily on measures of central tendency and variability.

Question 43

You can download the Advanced Automobile Concepts data file from the Internet.

Question 44

Which of the following is not one of the approaches (discussed in your book)that can be used to make certain that the audience will not misunderstand the researcher's words?

A) prepared handbook
B) phone call to the client
C) an appendix in the final report
D) definitions of statistical concepts in the final report
E) annotations and footnotes in the final report

Question 45

A research study determined that a company's expenditure in training was associated or related to sales force performance. This is an example of associative analysis.

Question 46

Data entry requires the researcher to first undertake an operation called data coding.

Question 47

Through the process of data summarization, the researcher describes the data matrix by computing a small number of measures that characterize the dataset.

Question 48

Inferential analysis is used anytime we wish to take known information about the population and make inferences about what we expect to find in our sample data.

Question 49

Analysis that investigates differences between groups using statistical concepts, such as t tests and analysis of variance, is referred to as "differences" analysis.

Question 50

Data entry refers to the creation of a computer file that holds the raw data taken from all the questionnaires deemed suitable for analysis.

Question 51

When SPSS produces a frequency distribution, how does it report missing values that come from respondents who do not answer the question being analyzed?

A) "Missing"
B) "Respondent error"
C) "No data entered"
D) Null entry
E) None of the above; SPSS cannot know that a respondent did not answer a question.

Question 52

Assume you have ratio data that are answers to a question concerning an appropriate price for a service. You have 10,000 respondents you have interviewed and you want to generate a mean for this question. Which of the following command sequences in SPSS would allow you to generate a mean?

A) SPSS; FREQ; RUN
B) ANALYZE; SUMMARIZE; FREQUENCIES; MEAN
C) ANALYZE; GENERATE; FREQ DIS
D) MEAN; ANALYZE; DESCRIPTIVES
E) ANALYZE; DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS; DESCRIPTIVES

Question 53

Variable names and response codes must be kept in a separate file when using SPSS. SPSS has no way of inputting or presenting for view, the variable names, and response codes.

Question 54

You have a survey question that asks consumers to rank in order their preferences of three brands of toothpaste. You want to know the central tendency of their response. Which command sequence in SPSS would you run?

A) SPSS; RUN: RANKAVG
B) ANALYZE; SUMMARIZE; FREQUENCIES; MEAN
C) ANALYZE; DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS; FREQUENCIES; STATISTICS; select Median
D) ANALYZE; DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS; DESCRIPTIVES; select Mode
E) ANALYZE; DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS; FREQUENCIES; STATISTICS; select Mode

Question 55

The function of "summarization" is achieved when we report that the average rating for a Volvo S80 model style was 8.9 on a 10-point scale.

Question 56

Regression analysis, or times series analysis, are used for predictive analysis in marketing research.

Question 57

The book that contains a list of all the variable names and the codes that represent every response to each question is called the "data matrix register."

Question 58

Which of the following command sequences in SPSS would allow you to generate a frequency distribution?

A) SPSS; FREQ; RUN
B) ANALYZE; DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS; FREQUENCIES
C) ANALYZE; GENERATE; FREQ DIS
D) STATISTICS; ANALYZE; SUMMARIZE; DESCRIPTIVES
E) STATISTICS; FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

Question 59

Basic descriptive statistics answer two fundamental questions. One of those questions is "How did the
average person respond?"

Question 60

There are a number of options for data entry, including keyboarding of each datum to software programs, such as Qualtrics, that automatically creates data files as data is recorded during the interview process.

Question 61

Given a string of numbers, the number that appears most often is the mean.

Question 62

The range tells you how often the minimum and maximum values occur.

Question 63

Measures of variability are concerned with depicting the "typical" difference between values in a set.

Question 64

A tabulation of the number of times that each different value appears in a particular set of values is called the range.

Question 65

Plus or minus 1.96 standard deviations accounts for 95 percent of the area under the normal curve.

Question 66

The mean provides more information than the mode or the median because it takes every member of a set of numbers into account.

Question 67

The appropriate measure of central tendency for an ordinal scaled variable is the mean.

Question 68

The phrase central tendency refers to information that describes the most typical response to a question. For example, it could be a mode, median, or mean.

Question 69

The range of 1.64 standard deviation above and 1 standard deviation below the midpoint includes 98% of the total area underneath that curve.

Question 70

The appropriate measure of central tendency for an interval or ratio scaled variable is the mean.

Question 71

If we square the standard deviation, we have variance.

Question 72

Plus or minus 1 standard deviation accounts for 68 percent of the area under the normal curve.

Question 73

If we take the square root of the summated, squared differences between each observation and the mean divided by the number of observations less one, we have a frequency distribution.

Question 74

Although there are opportunities for unethical behavior in many areas of marketing research, there are none of these opportunities when researchers conduct descriptive data analysis.

Question 75

Given an ordered set of numbers, the value lying in the middle of the set is known as the mode.

Question 76

Plus or minus 2.58 standard deviations accounts for 99 percent of the area under the normal curve.

Question 77

The appropriate measure of variability for a nominal scaled variable is the standard deviation.

Question 78

In calculating the standard deviation, if we didn't square the differences between the observations and the mean, then the standard deviation itself would be a negative number.

Question 79

The marketing researcher must turn to measures of variability to gain a sense of the diversity of values.

Question 80

Frequency distributions, standard deviation, and the range are all measures of variability.