Deck 10: Symbolizing Statements and Argument Forms

Question 1

' q if p ' is symbolized as……………………………….

A)'q ? p'
B)'p ? q'
C)'p v q'
D)' p ? q '

Answer 1

' p ? q '

Question 2

"p only if q " is symbolized as ……………………….

A)'p ? q'
B)' p ? q '
C)'q ? p'
D)'p v q'

Answer 2

' p ? q '

Question 3

' The conjunction of p with the disjunction of q with r', is symbolized as …….

A)( p vq ) . r
B)( p . q ) v r
C)p . ( q v r )
D)p v ( q . r )

Answer 3

p . ( q v r )

Question 4

'The disjunction whose first disjunct is the conjunction of p and q and whose second disjunct is r ' is symbolized as ………………………..

A)p v ( q . r )
B)( p vq ) . r
C)p . ( q v r )
D)( p . q ) v r

Question 5

The negaton of A V B is symbolized as ………………

A)A v B
B)( A V B )
C)A V B.
D)A V B

Question 6

' A and B will not both be selected ' is symbolized as ………………………..

A)( A . B )
B)A v B
C)A V B
D)A . B

Question 7

Ramesh and Dinesh will both not be elected.

A)A V B
B)A . B
C)( A . B )
D)A v B

Question 8

An argument can be proved invalid by constructing another argument of the same form with …………………….

A)false premises and false conclusion
B)true premises and false conclusion
C)true premises and true conclusion
D)false premises and true conclusion

Question 9

…………………………… can be defined as an array of symbols containing statement variables but no statements, such that when statements are substituted for statement variables- the same statement being substituted for the same statement variable throughout - the result is an argument

A)specific statement form
B)A statement form
C)An argument form
D)An argument

Question 10

Any argument that results from the substitution of statements for statement variables in an argument form is called ………………………………

A)invalid argument
B)valid argument
C)the specific form
D)a " substitution instance" of that argument form

Question 11

In case an argument is produced by substituting a different simple statement for each different statement variable in an argument form, that argument form is called ……………………

A)the "specific form" of that argument
B)a " substitution instance" of that argument form
C)valid argument
D)invalid argument

Question 12

If the specific form of a given argument has any substitution instance whose premises are true and whose conclusion is false, then the given argument is.

A)valid
B)invalid
C)valid or invalid
D)sound

Question 13

Refutation by logical analogy is based on the fact that any argument whose specific form is an invalid argument form is ………………………..

A)sound
B)a contradiction
C)an invalid argument.
D)a valid argument

Question 14

Fallacy of Affirming the Consequent- is symbolized as

A)P ? q
B)P ? q,
C)P ? q.
D)P ? q..

Question 15

Fallacy of Denyingthe Antecedent- is symbolized as

A)P ? q
B)P ? q.
C)P ? q,
D)P ? q..

Question 16

'statement form from which the statement results by substituting a different simple statement for each different statement variable' is called ……………………..

A)the specific form of a given argument
B)tautology
C)contradiction
D)the specific form of a given statement

Question 17

A statement form that has only true substitution instances is called ……………………

A)a " tautologous statement form " or a " tautology"
B)a self-contradictory statement form or contradiction
C)A contingent statement form
D)specific statement form

Question 18

Statement forms that have both true and false statements among their substitution instances are called ……………………………………………..

A)tautologous statement forms
B)contingent statement forms
C)self-contradictory statement forms
D)specific statement forms

Question 19

Two statements are ………………… when their material equivalence is a tautology

A)self-contradictory
B)contingent
C)logically equivalent
D)materially implying

Question 20

…………………. statements have the same meaning and may be substituted for one another

A)Materially equivalent
B)Logically equivalent
C)Tautologous
D)self-contradictory

Question 21

p v q) is logically equivalent to ………………………………..

A)p . q
B)p v q
C)p v q,
D)p v q.

Question 22

. p . q) is logically equivalent to …………………………………..

A)p v q
B)p . q
C)p v q.
D)p v q,

Question 23

An argument form is valid if and only if it's expression in the form of a conditional statement is ……………

A)a contradiction
B)a biconditional
C)a tautology
D)material implication

Question 24

"If a statement is true, then it is implied by any statement whatever" is symbolized as

A)p ? (p ? q)
B)p ? (q ? p).
C)p ? (P ? q),
D)p ? (q ? p)..

Question 25

" If a statement is false, then it implies any statement whatever"

A)p ? (P ? q)
B)p ? (p ? q).
C)p ? (q ? p)
D)p ? (q ? p).