Question 1

Deductive arguments are typically ----------.&#10;A)Analytic&#10;B)Synthetic&#10;C)Intuitive&#10;D)Material.

Accepted Answer

Deductive arguments are typically analytic because they involve reasoning from given premises to an inevitable conclusion if the premises are true, without adding new information beyond what the premises provide.

Question 2

The relationship between premises and conclusion in a deductive argument is--.&#10;A)Cause-Effect&#10;B)Analytic-Synthetic&#10;C)A priori-A posterior&#10;D)Implication-Entailment.

Accepted Answer

In a deductive argument, the premises are intended to provide such strong support for the conclusion that if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true. This relationship is best described as implication (if the premises are true, then the conclusion necessarily follows) and entailment (the truth of the premises necessitates the truth of the conclusion), making option D the correct choice.

Question 3

In induction, reasoning proceeds to a conclusion that is ---------- to the scope of its premises.&#10;A)confined&#10;B)not confined&#10;C)narrow&#10;D)restricted.

Accepted Answer

In induction, reasoning moves from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories, meaning the conclusion extends beyond the specific scope of its premises, thus it is not confined.

Question 4

In inductive reasoning the conclusion is -------.&#10;A)Probable&#10;B)Certain&#10;C)Definite&#10;D)Predictable.

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning involves making generalizations based on specific observations. The conclusions drawn from inductive reasoning are probable because they are based on patterns or trends observed in the data, rather than guaranteed by logical necessity.

Question 5

Discovering a new ------- is permissible in inductive reasoning.&#10;A)cause&#10;B)effect&#10;C)assumption&#10;D)evidence.

Accepted Answer

In inductive reasoning, discovering new evidence is permissible as it helps to form or support a general conclusion based on specific observations.

Question 6

Inductive arguments are properly characterised as&#10;A)valid-invalid&#10;B)strong-weak&#10;C)definite-indefinite&#10;D)certain-uncertain.

Accepted Answer

Inductive arguments are evaluated in terms of strength and weakness rather than validity and invalidity, which are terms used for deductive arguments. A strong inductive argument provides probable support for its conclusion, while a weak one fails to do so.

Question 7

Inductive method is identified with&#10;A)Religious activity&#10;B)Scientific activity&#10;C)Moral activity&#10;D)Aesthetic activity.

Accepted Answer

The inductive method is primarily associated with scientific activity, as it involves making observations, identifying patterns, and then formulating hypotheses or theories based on those observations. This method is fundamental in the empirical sciences.

Question 8

A single ------ is enough to prove the inductive conclusion false.&#10;A)intuition&#10;B)Assumption&#10;C)counter-example&#10;D)concept.

Accepted Answer

A single counter-example is sufficient to disprove an inductive conclusion by demonstrating that the conclusion does not hold in all cases.

Question 9

An advantage of inductive reasoning is&#10;A)to sustain existing beliefs&#10;B)to formulate valid arguments&#10;C)to create aesthetic sense&#10;D)to frame future expectations.

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning allows for the development of generalizations based on specific observations, which can be used to predict future events or behaviors, thus helping to frame future expectations.

Question 10

Truth or Falsehood may be predicated of --------.&#10;A)arguments&#10;B)inferences&#10;C)propositions&#10;D)syllogism

Accepted Answer

Truth or falsehood can only be predicated of propositions because a proposition is a statement that asserts or denies something and can therefore be true or false. Arguments, inferences, and syllogisms are structures or processes of reasoning, not statements that can be true or false in themselves.

Question 11

Validity or Invalidity may be predicated of ---------.&#10;A)Deductive arguments&#10;B)propositions&#10;C)terms&#10;D)concepts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Validity or Invalidity may be predicated of...

Question 12

If it is possible for the premises of a deductive argument to be true and its conclusion to be false, that argument is&#10;A)Valid&#10;B)Invalid&#10;C)Indescribable&#10;D)Sound.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If it is possible for the premises...

Question 13

The claim of an inductive argument is that premises provide---------- for the conclusion.&#10;A)invalidity&#10;B)absolute evidence&#10;C)no evidence&#10;D)some evidence

Accepted Answer

The answer of The claim of an inductive argument is...

Question 14

A valid deductive argument with true premises is called a ------ argument.&#10;A)sound&#10;B)unsound&#10;C)fallacious&#10;D)dilemma.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A valid deductive argument with true premises...

Question 15

A deductive argument is sound if and only if it is&#10;A)valid and all its premises are true&#10;B)invalid and all its premises are true&#10;C)is valid and one of the premise is false&#10;D)is valid and its conclusion is false.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A deductive argument is sound if and...

Question 16

Deduction and Induction are two main forms of---------.&#10;A)Beliefs&#10;B)Concepts&#10;C)Reasoning&#10;D)Assumptions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deduction and Induction are two main forms...

Question 17

Deductive logic is also known as&#10;A)Intuitive logic&#10;B)Material logic&#10;C)Formal logic&#10;D)Scientific logic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deductive logic is also known as&#10;A)Intuitive logic&#10;B)Material...

Question 18

Inductive logic is also known as&#10;A)Formal logic&#10;B)Model logic&#10;C)Material logic&#10;D)Sentential logic

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inductive logic is also known as&#10;A)Formal logic&#10;B)Model...

Question 19

Deduction and Induction are two types of----------.&#10;A)Arguments&#10;B)Terms&#10;C)Prepositions&#10;D)Concepts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deduction and Induction are two types of----------.&#10;A)Arguments&#10;B)Terms&#10;C)Prepositions&#10;D)Concepts....

Question 20

A term can have -------- in its proposition.&#10;A)vague meaning&#10;B)many meanings&#10;C)no meaning&#10;D)only one meaning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A term can have -------- in its...

Question 21

Words and names can become terms only if they are used in---------.&#10;A)an argument&#10;B)proposition&#10;C)thought&#10;D)reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Words and names can become terms only...

Question 22

Both premises and conclusion of an argument are _______.&#10;A)Commands&#10;B)Propositions&#10;C)Exclamations&#10;D)Questions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both premises and conclusion of an argument...

Question 23

The two kinds of propositions are&#10;A)Connotative - Denotative&#10;B)Abstract - Concrete&#10;C)Categorical - Conditional&#10;D)Good - Bad

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two kinds of propositions are&#10;A)Connotative -...

Question 24

The sign of relation between two terms is called a ________.&#10;A)Subject&#10;B)Predicate&#10;C)Object&#10;D)Copula

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sign of relation between two terms...

Question 25

Denotation is the same as _______.&#10;A)Extension&#10;B)Intension&#10;C)Value&#10;D)Meaning

Accepted Answer

The answer of Denotation is the same as _______.&#10;A)Extension&#10;B)Intension&#10;C)Value&#10;D)Meaning...

Deck 8: Deductive and Inductive Reasoning and Logic