Deck 6: Colon Cancer Detection, Treatment, and Genetic Mutations

Question 1

Which is the most accurate method of detecting colon cancer

A)Fecal occult blood
B)PET/CT
C)Sigmoidoscopy
D)Colonoscopy
E)Digital examination

Answer 1

Colonoscopy

Question 2

What is the most appropriate treatment for T3 colon cancer

A)Surgery alone
B)Chemotherapy alone
C)Radiotherapy alone
D)Surgery plus chemotherapy
E)Supportive care only

Answer 2

Surgery plus chemotherapy

Question 3

Radiotherapy is indicated in

A)T3 colon cancer
B)T2 colon cancer
C)T3 rectal cancer
D)T1 rectal cancer
E)T1 colon cancer

Answer 3

T3 rectal cancer

Question 4

Concerning small intestinal fistulae, all the following are true EXCEPT:

A)A fistula may have a high output or a low output depending on its site.
B)High output fistulae occur in the upper small bowel.
C)Low output fistulae occur in the ileum.
D)Isotonic saline should be used to replace intravascular and interstitial volume in high output fistulae
E)The lower the fistula the higher the fluid and nutrient loss.

Question 5

Concerning colonic polyps:

A)Polyposis means the presence of hundreds of polyps, usually in the small intestine.
B)Pedunculated polyps are more likely to become malignant than sessile ones.
C)Villous adenomas are associated with hyperkalaemia.
D)Metaplastic polyps commonly become malignant.
E)Most adenocarcinomas arise within pre-existing adenomas.

Question 6

A 45 years old male with bilateral breast cancer with his mother developed breast cancer when aged 34 years and his sister developed ovarian cancer at age 50 years. The most likely genetic mutation for this patient is/are

A)BRAC1
B)BRCA2
C)ATM
D)APC
E)Answer A and B are correct

Question 7

A 45 years old female with right sided breast cancer with no family history suggesting familial cancer. The most likely genetic mutation for this patient is/are

A)BRAC1
B)BRCA2
C)ATM
D)APC
E)Answer A and B are correct

Question 8

Chromosomal 17 has many genes implicated in molecular criteria of breast cancer including these genes EXCEPT:

A)BRCA-1
B)HER-2
C)P53
D)ATM
E)Answer B and D are correct.

Question 9

Concerning adenomatous polyps, all the following are true EXCEPT:

A)They may cause anaemia
B)They may cause diarrhea
C)They occur mainly in the ileum
D)They may initiate an intussusception
E)They have a malignant potential

Question 10

Familial polyposis coli

A)is inherited as autosomal recessive
B)is more common in male
C)cancer develops after the age of 50 in untreated patients
D)polyps develop throughout the colon and rectum early in the second decade of life
E)the responsible gene is on the long arm of chromosome 6

Question 11

Gardner's syndrome is associated with all the following EXCEPT:

A)multiple colorectal adenomas
B)sebaceous and dermoid cysts
C)adenomas of the mandible or skull
D)desmoid tumors of the abdominal wall
E)no malignant potential

Question 12

All the following may predispose to colorectal cancer EXCEPT

A)Familial adenomatous polyposis
B)High fibre, low fat diets
C)Ulcerative colitis
D)Schistosomal colitis
E)Exposure to irradiation

Question 13

Genes implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer include all the following EXCEPT:

A)Ki-ras gene
B)c-myc gene
C)APC gene
D)BRCA1 gene
E)P53 gene.

Question 14

The carcinoid syndrome is likely to occur with carcinoid tumors:

A)of the appendix
B)localized to the ileum
C)both
D)neither

Question 15

Carcinoid tumors (argentaffinomas) are characterized by all of the following except:

A)many are multiple especially in the ileum
B)can occur in alimentary, biliary and respiratory tracts
C)may produce systemic symptoms when accompanied by liver metastases
D)appendix is the most common site
E)appendiceal types have greatest malignant potential

Question 16

Primary carcinoma is least common in:

A)esophagus
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)colon

Question 17

Which is most characteristic of carcinoma of the cecum or right colon (in contrast to carcinoma of the rectum)?

A)anemia
B)associated polyposis
C)bowel obstruction
D)diarrhea

Question 18

In which of the following segments of the gastrointestinal tract is primary carcinoma least common?

A)esophagus
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)colon
E)mouth

Question 19

Bilateral ovarian metastases presenting as tumor masses are most characteristically associated with carcinoma of the:

A)esophagus
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)appendix
E)colon

Question 20

The worst prognosis is associated with carcinoma of the:

A)esophagus
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)colon

Question 21

Diffuse intramural spread with extensive fibroblastic thickening is a morphologic pattern most characteristically associated with carcinoma of the

A)esophagus
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)appendix
E)colon

Question 22

Carcinoid tumors have a varied malignant potential. The most benign are located in the:

A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)rectum
D)appendix

Question 23

Which of the following characterizes the biologic nature of carcinoid tumors (argentaffinomas)?

A)benign but produce systemic symptoms
B)production of systemic symptoms when they metastasize to the liver
C)especially malignant when primary in the appendix
D)production of jejunal ulceration due to gastrin elaboration

Question 24

In the colon, which is benign and has no significant tendency to undergo malignant transformation?

A)familial polyposis
B)juvenile polyp
C)villous adenoma
D)carcinoid tumors

Question 25

Carcinoma of the esophagus:

A)produces symptoms early and is more curable than carcinoma of the stomach
B)is difficult to cure because of local spread
C)is characterized by early widespread metastases
D)is usually undifferentiated