Deck 11: Motivating and Leading

Question 1

________ suggests the need for job security, whereas people with ________ would probably be motivated by more risky opportunities for variety and fast-track advancement.

A) High uncertainty avoidance; low uncertainty avoidance
B) Low uncertainty avoidance; high uncertainty avoidance
C) Large power distance; small power distance
D) Small power distance; large power distance

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Workers in more feminine cultures, such as ________, are more likely to be motivated by positive relationships with their managers and co-workers.

A) Singapore
B) Japan
C) Sweden
D) Mexico

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Based on the Meaning of Work research study, which of the following is a true statement?

A) Japanese value status and prestige almost as much as they value their income.
B) Arabs do not take work seriously and enjoy frequent social breaks in the workday.
C) Israelis derive a higher level of interest and satisfaction from work than Germans do.
D) The British regard work as the top priority in their lives and work long hours as a result.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which two sets of needs are identified in the Herzberg model?

A) needs and wants
B) interests and needs
C) motivators and societal factors
D) motivators and maintenance factors

Question 5

Which of the following is a true statement regarding a common leadership style in the EU?

A) A common leadership style already exists among EU members.
B) It is unlikely that a common leadership style will develop in the EU.
C) EU members agree that a common leadership style is desirable for competition.
D) A common leadership style in the EU does not exist but is likely to occur because of e-business.

Question 6

According to the Meaning of Work (MOW) research study, what is the most important motivation for working in all countries?

A) status and prestige
B) necessary income
C) contacts with others
D) interest and satisfaction

Question 7

Low power distance suggests that people are more motivated by ________.

A) pressure from supervisors
B) flexible roles
C) teamwork
D) variety

Question 8

Blackmoor Industries is an American firm that manufactures automotive parts. Blackmoor has two manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and one in a foreign country. Blackmoor's global managers have recently reported that they are having difficulty motivating their employees to meet various deadlines and production quotas. Which of the following best supports the argument that Blackmoor's global managers should use bonuses and promotions as employee motivational tools?

A) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in a low individualistic culture.
B) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in a high collectivistic culture.
C) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in a masculine culture.
D) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in a feminine culture.

Question 9

The leadership style of most French managers is best described as ________.

A) participative
B) empathetic
C) democratic
D) autocratic

Question 10

________ suggests that most people would be more comfortable with the traditional division of work and roles; in a ________ culture, the boundaries could be looser, motivating people through more flexible roles and work networks.

A) High masculinity; more feminine
B) High femininity; more masculine
C) High uncertainty avoidance; low uncertainty avoidance
D) Low uncertainty avoidance; high uncertainty avoidance

Question 11

For most people, the basic meaning of work refers to ________.

A) self-fulfillment
B) networking
C) group membership
D) economic necessity

Question 12

The degree of general importance that working has in the life of an individual is called ________.

A) intrinsic motivation
B) extrinsic motivation
C) need paradigm
D) work centrality

Question 13

People in highly individualistic countries, such as the United States, are more likely to be motivated by ________.

A) opportunities for personal advancement
B) relationships with co-workers
C) collective rewards
D) skills training

Question 14

A survey of 200 chief executives in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom concluded that ________.

A) German leaders are more likely than French leaders to consider a position of power as important
B) German, French, and U.K. leaders have similar attitudes about leadership and decision making
C) UK leaders are highly troubled about their decisions
D) French leaders like to make decisions unilaterally

Question 15

Which of the following has the most significant effect on the status of leaders in France?

A) industry of the firm
B) wealth accumulated
C) educational institutions attended
D) political involvement and success

Question 16

In order to motivate its managers and employees, Fujitsu ________.

A) tied pay to performance appraisals
B) raised the incentive pay of managers
C) significantly reduced managers' salaries
D) eliminated all employees' stock options

Question 17

Which of the following nations ranked highest in work centrality according to the Meaning of Work research study?

A) U.S.
B) U.K.
C) Belgium
D) Japan

Question 18

According to a study by Steers, Koreans' hard work was most attributable to ________.

A) loyalty to the company
B) self-oriented achievement
C) need for family harmony
D) religious convictions

Question 19

According to research, which of the following is most highly valued by Islamics?

A) work
B) wealth
C) friendship
D) societal needs

Question 20

In which country are employees most likely to be highly motivated when they feel that the firm provides them with good working conditions, fringe benefits, and training?

A) U.S.
B) China
C) Mexico
D) Denmark

Question 21

Blackmoor Industries is an American firm that manufactures automotive parts. Blackmoor has two manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and one in a foreign country. Blackmoor's global managers have recently reported that they are having difficulty motivating their employees to meet various deadlines and production quotas. Which of the following undermines the argument that Blackmoor's global managers should implement a merit-based reward system to motivate individual employees?

A) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in Taiwan.
B) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in Mexico.
C) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in Canada.
D) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in Denmark.

Question 22

Employees' motivational needs are primarily determined by their ________.

A) job status
B) cultural values
C) social standing
D) individual behavior

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT one of the typical reward categories in American culture?

A) job content
B) relationships
C) financial
D) social status

Question 24

The ________ management style works best in Mexico.

A) democratic
B) authoritative
C) consensus
D) rational

Question 25

In Taiwan, the most highly sought reward is ________.

A) wages
B) job security
C) admiration from peers
D) recognition from managers

Question 26

Which of the following does NOT accurately characterize workers in the Mexican culture?

A) They rank high on collectivism.
B) They rank high on power distance.
C) They rank low on individualism.
D) They rank low on uncertainty avoidance.

Question 27

In the Chinese culture, which one of Maslow's needs is probably the most important?

A) self-actualization
B) belonging
C) esteem
D) safety

Question 28

According to research, which of the following statements has the highest value to Islamics?

A) The value of work is derived from the accompanying intention rather than its results.
B) Any man who works is more likely to get ahead in life.
C) One should carry work out to the best of one's ability.
D) More leisure time is good for society.

Question 29

Which of the following is central to the Mexican culture?

A) humility
B) work
C) time
D) family

Question 30

Which of the following is primarily emphasized by Russian managers due to the country's stage of economic development?

A) esteem
B) job security
C) work recognition
D) self-actualization

Question 31

According to U.S expatriates, Mexican workers primarily need more ________ than U.S. workers.

A) relationship building
B) compensation
C) autonomy
D) training

Question 32

In Michailova's study, Russian employees were more motivated by the ________ of their Russian managers than by attempts of empowerment by Western managers.

A) authoritarianism
B) patriarchy
C) autonomy
D) pluralism

Question 33

Which of the following is the most common reason given for absenteeism among Mexican workers?

A) personal illness
B) family problems
C) job dissatisfaction
D) transportation issues

Question 34

In China, the plaque award "Ms. Wong- employee of the Month" was given to ________.

A) recognize the best employee
B) recognize the best salesperson
C) embarrass the worst employee
D) acknowledge the newest employee

Question 35

Which of the following is a typical value in Mexican business culture?

A) initiative
B) self-leadership
C) resistance to change
D) bottom-up decision making

Question 36

While American companies tend to stress individual goals, achievement, and rewards, Japanese companies tend to stress ________.

A) financial incentives
B) personal rewards
C) group wide goals
D) status recognition

Question 37

While most Americans believe that hard work leads to success, many Hong Kong Chinese believe that ________ determines the outcome of a situation.

A) God's will
B) social status
C) education
D) luck

Question 38

A merit-based reward system would be ineffective in Taiwan because such a system would most likely ________.

A) disturb workplace harmony
B) embarrass senior employees
C) conflict with political norms
D) elevate line supervisors

Question 39

Which of the following is a true, general statement about Mexican culture?

A) Scheduling and time management are primary concerns.
B) Harmony in the workplace is extremely important.
C) Workers expect leaders to share decision making.
D) Business takes priority over family and friends.

Question 40

When implementing work teams in Mexico, managers will most likely benefit from ________.

A) encouraging teams to create procedures
B) establishing an informal atmosphere
C) providing adequate training
D) discouraging the use of titles

Question 41

In which culture would a merit-based reward system most likely be effective?

A) South Korea
B) Taiwan
C) Japan
D) U.S.

Question 42

Which of the following terms refers to the ability to recognize global market opportunities for a company and having a vision of doing business worldwide?

A) intercultural awareness
B) global business savvy
C) global mindset
D) cultural savvy

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT one of the typical roles managers must juggle during international assignments?

A) family member
B) local firm manager
C) parent firm representative
D) local culture representative

Question 44

Which of the following is a content variable of global leadership?

A) community relations
B) cultural adaptability
C) physical location
D) local resources

Question 45

Which of the following leadership characteristics is most likely expected and admired in France and Italy?

A) social prominence
B) well-rounded
C) decisiveness
D) polish

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary reasons that leading an e-business differs from leading a traditional business?

A) need to develop a vision of the future to overcome resistance
B) speed that decisions must be made due to the Internet
C) high number of global and domestic employees
D) importance of flexibility and experimentation

Question 47

The ________ model of leadership style has been recommended by American research studies as one more likely to have positive results with American employees.

A) autocratic
B) charismatic
C) transactional
D) participative

Question 48

The most likely underlying purpose of leadership is to help employees ________.

A) earn annual promotions and raises
B) work independently and with others
C) maximize their highest potential at work
D) feel satisfied about their job performance

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT one of the typical characteristics of a successful leader with a global mindset?

A) flexibility
B) personal autonomy
C) emotional strength
D) narrow perspective

Question 50

Effective ________ leadership involves the ability to inspire and influence the thinking, attitudes, and behavior of people anywhere in the world.

A) global
B) domestic
C) polycentric
D) ethnocentric

Question 51

Which of the following is considered the most important personal development strategy for effective global leaders?

A) formal training seminars
B) overseas assignments
C) virtual global teams
D) travel experiences

Question 52

Which of the following is a leadership style and behavior that is culturally contingent?

A) encouraging
B) participative
C) effective bargainer
D) skilled communicator

Question 53

A global leader's role is an interaction of which two sets of variables?

A) content and context
B) cultural and societal
C) internal and external
D) personal and professional

Question 54

Which of the following is a context variable of global leadership?

A) degree of autonomy
B) technical knowledge
C) business environment
D) communication skills

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT one of the four personal development strategies through which companies and managers can meet the requirements of effective global leadership?

A) through travel
B) through teamwork
C) through training
D) through technology

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a leadership style and behavior that was found to be culturally contingent?

A) charismatic
B) participative
C) autonomous
D) trustworthy

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a leadership style that is universally considered an impediment to leadership effectiveness?

A) ruthless
B) egocentric
C) uncooperative
D) self-protective

Question 58

Which of the following terms refers to the critical factors necessary for successful leadership overseas?

A) globalism
B) global mindset
C) cultural savvy
D) cultural quotient

Question 59

Leaders with global business savvy are LEAST likely to exhibit a strong understanding of ________.

A) HR procedures
B) a firm's resources
C) subsidiary product lines
D) local subsidiary operations

Question 60

Which of the following is increasingly influencing changes in the role, environment, and management style of global leaders?

A) travel
B) training
C) transfers
D) technology

Question 61

What cultures are considered masculine and feminine according to Hofstede? How does a culture's degree of masculinity or femininity affect the way a manager motivates employees?

Question 62

According to Hofstede, the critical fact to grasp about leadership in any culture is that it primarily depends upon the ________.

A) leader's personality
B) size of the organization
C) demands placed on the leader
D) values and attitudes of subordinates

Question 63

Which of the following terms best describes a team-oriented leader?

A) charismatic
B) diplomatic
C) egocentric
D) compassionate

Question 64

Which of the following cultures views the terms leader and manager negatively?

A) Arabs
B) Dutch
C) Mexicans
D) Iranians

Question 65

In the Middle East, leaders are expected to ________.

A) show a highly democratic tone
B) work with teams of subordinates
C) provide few management directives
D) make all decisions without any questions

Question 66

According to Hofstede, employees in countries that rank high on power distance are more likely to prefer a(n) ________ leadership style.

A) autocratic
B) participative
C) charismatic
D) transformational

Question 67

What is work centrality? How is work centrality important to cross cultural management?

Question 68

The extent to which leaders delegate authority is highest in which country?

A) Austria
B) Sweden
C) Portugal
D) Switzerland

Question 69

Employees in countries that rank low on power distance are more likely to prefer a(n) ________ leadership style.

A) autocratic
B) participative
C) charismatic
D) transformational

Question 70

According to Laurent, managers in Sweden, Denmark, and Great Britain believe that employees prefer which style of leadership?

A) autocratic
B) charismatic
C) participative
D) autonomous

Question 71

A visionary leader who inspires subordinates and is performance-oriented would best be described as ________.

A) charismatic
B) team-oriented
C) participative
D) self-protective

Question 72

What attributes did the MOW group consider when they investigated cross-cultural motivation? Overall, what do people value the most about work?

Question 73

Which of the following terms best describes a leader delegates decision making and encourages subordinates to take responsibility?

A) charismatic
B) team-oriented
C) participative
D) self-protective

Question 74

According to the GLOBE project, which of the following countries has the highest regard for self-protective leaders?

A) Egypt
B) Canada
C) Ireland
D) Denmark

Question 75

The ________ dimension describes a leader who is self-centered, conflictual, and status conscious.

A) charismatic
B) team-oriented
C) participative
D) self-protective

Question 76

Workers in a large power distance society like India are more likely to prefer ________.

A) managers that consult with subordinates about major decisions
B) clear distinctions between managers and subordinates
C) leaders that exhibit a democratic style of authority
D) leaders that are consultative and participative

Question 77

Laurent concluded that ________ significantly affects the perception of what is effective management.

A) an organization's size
B) organizational structure
C) subordinates' needs
D) national origin

Question 78

In the Mexican culture, family and relationships are highly valued. How does this tendency affect work and business in Mexico?

Question 79

Which of the following traits and behaviors is universally considered beneficial to leaders?

A) visionary
B) risk-taker
C) autonomous
D) malevolent

Question 80

With regards to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, how do Western and Eastern cultures differ in their views of what needs are most important?