Deck 5: Praxis and Dyspraxia

Question 1

Apraxia is used to describe motor planning deficits that are developmental in nature.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

According to Ayers, dyspraxia is primarily a problem of motor execution.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) shares characteristics common to the concept of dyspraxia.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to Ayers, tactile awareness contributes to development of a semiconscious body scheme.

Question 5

In the sensory integration (SI) approach, passive movement is preferred over active movement.

Question 6

The visual system has strong neuroanatomical and functional connections to the vestibular system.

Question 7

The auditory and vestibular systems are functionally and neuroanatomically interrelated as they both respond to vibration, are housed in the same bony structure, and fibers carrying auditory and vestibular inputs form cranial nerve VIII (CNVIII).

Question 8

Tactile and proprioceptive sensations are the only sensory systems that contribute to the development of an adequate body scheme.

Question 9

The Sensory Integration and Praxis Test (SIPT) is primarily used to assess ideational praxis.

Question 10

Individuals with bilateral integration and sequencing (BIS) deficits often score within normal limits on the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test (SIPT), but with a pattern of low scores.

Question 11

Standardized assessments are the only method for assessing praxis in children.

Question 12

Ideational difficulties do not occur in individuals with above-average intelligence and language skills.

Question 13

Somatodyspraxia does not need to be accompanied by evidence of poor somatosensory processing to have a sensory integrative (SI) basis.

Question 14

Bilateral integration and sequencing (BIS) deficits indicate a severe practic disorder and would be obvious to most parents, teachers, and clinicians.

Question 15

The neurological structure responsible for developmental dyspraxia is located in the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for producing a goal-directed sequence of movements.

Question 16

The left dorsal premotor cortex (lPMC) plays a critical role in motor learning, whereas the lateral premotor cortex and medial sensory motor area (SMA) play an important role in motor planning.

Question 17

Children with practic disorders outgrow many of the deficits by adolescence and adulthood.

Question 18

All children who have dyspraxia have sensory integrative (SI) dysfunction.

Question 19

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and Deficits in Attention, Motor Control, and Perception (DAMP) have symptoms that overlap with dyspraxia.

Question 20

Ayers believed sensory integration (SI) intervention was a transaction among client, task, and environment.

Question 21

In sensory integration (SI) intervention, passive interventions (e.g., passive range of motion and joint compression) are frequently used to help develop body scheme and facilitate improved praxis skills.

Question 22

Motor learning is best facilitated in blocked practice.

Question 23

Blood flow to the sensory motor area (SMA), premotor, and frontal cortices increases during mental practice.

Question 24

The vestibular system provides a sensory foundation for the development of _________.

A)Proper force and timing needed to act on objects
B)Refined manual dexterity and manipulation
C)Bilateral coordination and planning of anticipatory movements
D)Postural flexion through activation of tonic labyrinthine response

Question 25

Which of these does the vestibular system NOT contribute to?

A)Detection of location and qualities of external stimuli applied to the skin
B)Maintenance of a stable visual field
C)Development of balance, postural control, and integration of postural reflexes
D)Development of neuronal models of how it feels to perform a given movement

Question 26

The gold standard for assessing praxis is ___________.

A)Test of ideational praxis
B)See if the individual can follow motor demonstrations
C)Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2)
D)Sensory Integration and Praxis Test (SIPT)

Question 27

Ideation involves all of the following EXCEPT ________________.

A)Conceptualizing the goal for an action and some idea of how to achieve that goal
B)Cognitive processes that contribute to a child's ability to be creative and playful
C)Knowing what do with toys and objects
D)Coordinated use of the two body sides

Question 28

When observing a student during recess, you notice the child sits on the sideline of the pick-up soccer game and uses playground equipment inappropriately. The student's teacher reports that the child has a difficult time figuring out what to make when given free time in art class, or deciding what to write about during morning journal time. These observations indicate the student most likely has deficits with __________ (choose the BEST answer).

A)Ideation
B)Somatodyspraxia
C)Social interaction
D)Bilateral coordination

Question 29

Your client has difficulty doing jumping jacks and skipping in physical education. In the classroom, the client avoids stabilizing his or her paper when writing. Your client most likely ____________.

A)Has visuodyspraxia
B)Is careless and rushes through activities
C)Has bilateral integration and sensory (BIS)deficits
D)Has poor tactile discrimination

Question 30

Individuals with somatodyspraxia will benefit MOST from engaging in which activity?

A)Repetitively going through a "steam roller"
B)Brainstorming ideas about how to use an everyday object in new ways
C)Throwing bean bags into a bucket while swinging
D)Repeatedly practicing shoe tying and buttoning techniques

Question 31

Which theory purports that spatial knowledge of the external world is derived from movement experiences associated with vision and memory?

A)Motor control theory
B)Ecological theory
C)Visuo-spatial theory
D)Theory of dyspraxia

Question 32

Children with somatodyspraxia are likely to have difficulties with all of the following EXCEPT ____________.

A)Sequential finger touching
B)Supine flexion
C)Rapid alternating forearm movements
D)Visual tracking

Question 33

Which of the following statements BEST describes dynamical systems theory?

A)Behaviors are fluid, highly variable, and rely on interaction or exploration within the environment.
B)Integration of sensory inputs is necessary for organization of behavior.
C)Repetition of motor skills is needed for them to be stored and retrieved in an adaptive manner.
D)Skills are acquired in a hierarchical manner over the course of development.

Question 34

Match the brain structure to the function.

-Structure-Lateral premotor cortex (lPMC)

A)Function-Plays major role in planning and execution of coordinated movement; regulates timing and force of movements
B)Function-Plays major role in setting goals; active when we perform
C)Function-Active when movement occurs in response to external events
D)Function-Initiates complex movement; active during completion of movement
E)Function-Major site of convergence of bilateral somatosensory inputs from the body with input from other sensory systems
F)Function-Depends primarily on proprioceptive inputs and is active when action is self-initiated

Question 35

Match the brain structure to the function.

-Structure-Supplemental motor area (SMA)

A)Function-Plays major role in planning and execution of coordinated movement; regulates timing and force of movements
B)Function-Plays major role in setting goals; active when we perform
C)Function-Active when movement occurs in response to external events
D)Function-Initiates complex movement; active during completion of movement
E)Function-Major site of convergence of bilateral somatosensory inputs from the body with input from other sensory systems
F)Function-Depends primarily on proprioceptive inputs and is active when action is self-initiated

Question 36

Match the brain structure to the function.

-Structure-Cerebellum

A)Function-Plays major role in planning and execution of coordinated movement; regulates timing and force of movements
B)Function-Plays major role in setting goals; active when we perform
C)Function-Active when movement occurs in response to external events
D)Function-Initiates complex movement; active during completion of movement
E)Function-Major site of convergence of bilateral somatosensory inputs from the body with input from other sensory systems
F)Function-Depends primarily on proprioceptive inputs and is active when action is self-initiated

Question 37

Match the brain structure to the function.

-Structure- Prefrontal cortex

A)Function-Plays major role in planning and execution of coordinated movement; regulates timing and force of movements
B)Function-Plays major role in setting goals; active when we perform
C)Function-Active when movement occurs in response to external events
D)Function-Initiates complex movement; active during completion of movement
E)Function-Major site of convergence of bilateral somatosensory inputs from the body with input from other sensory systems
F)Function-Depends primarily on proprioceptive inputs and is active when action is self-initiated

Question 38

Match the brain structure to the function.

-Structure-Areas 5 and 7

A)Function-Plays major role in planning and execution of coordinated movement; regulates timing and force of movements
B)Function-Plays major role in setting goals; active when we perform
C)Function-Active when movement occurs in response to external events
D)Function-Initiates complex movement; active during completion of movement
E)Function-Major site of convergence of bilateral somatosensory inputs from the body with input from other sensory systems
F)Function-Depends primarily on proprioceptive inputs and is active when action is self-initiated

Question 39

Match the brain structure to the function.

-Structure-Basal ganglia

A)Function-Plays major role in planning and execution of coordinated movement; regulates timing and force of movements
B)Function-Plays major role in setting goals; active when we perform
C)Function-Active when movement occurs in response to external events
D)Function-Initiates complex movement; active during completion of movement
E)Function-Major site of convergence of bilateral somatosensory inputs from the body with input from other sensory systems
F)Function-Depends primarily on proprioceptive inputs and is active when action is self-initiated