Question 1

In qualitative research designs, the subject's/informant's experiences, actions, interactions, and social contexts are more important than those of the researcher.

Accepted Answer

In qualitative research, the focus is on understanding the subject's or informant's perspectives, experiences, and social contexts, rather than prioritizing the researcher's viewpoints or interpretations.

Question 2

Qualitative research is performed to enable discovery when there is insufficient prior understanding of a topic, or when preconceived concepts and predefined tools have inadequately captured the phenomena of interest.

True

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research is often used to explore new areas where there is little existing knowledge, to gain a deeper understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations, and to provide insights into the problem or help to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research. It is particularly useful when the researcher seeks to understand complex phenomena that are not easily quantifiable or where rigid categorization may miss the nuances of a situation.

Question 3

Participatory action research involves the participants in shaping the research questions, methods, and outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Participatory action research is a collaborative approach that involves all stakeholders, including the participants, in the research process. This includes shaping the research questions, methods, and outcomes to ensure the research is relevant and beneficial to those involved.

Question 4

Ethnography is concerned with sampling a population with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Accepted Answer

Ethnography focuses on exploring cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject population, often using participant observation and open-ended interviews, rather than sampling with strict criteria.

Question 5

Which of the following does not serve as a description of the aims of qualitative research?&#10;A) To provide methods toward the systematic study of social phenomena&#10;B) To propose a primarily deductive means for explaining experiences through existing theoretical models&#10;C) To serve as an approach for understanding the worlds people live in and their experiences of those worlds&#10;D) To offer an approach toward answering the &#34;why&#34; and &#34;how&#34; of research questions

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research primarily focuses on exploratory research, aiming to understand the "why" and "how" of human behavior, experiences, and social phenomena. It is inductive, building theories and explanations from the ground up based on observed data, rather than deductive, which starts with a hypothesis derived from existing theory and then tests it through empirical observation.

Question 6

Several features characterize all qualitative research. Which of the following is not something it seeks to discover?&#10;A) The insider's view compared with the observer's&#10;B) The meanings, symbols, beliefs, and values in the language of the participants&#10;C) Data used to reinforce the observer's objectives/theories&#10;D) Features of the worlds of everyday lived experiences

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research focuses on understanding the perspectives and experiences of the participants rather than reinforcing the observer's pre-existing objectives or theories. It aims to explore meanings, beliefs, and lived experiences from the insider's viewpoint.

Question 7

Which of the following does not serve as a definition of epistemology as it relates to qualitative research?&#10;A) An empirical approach to defining true knowledge&#10;B) A tradition of thought&#10;C) A broad arena of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge&#10;D) A manner of seeking and exploring the nature of truth

Accepted Answer

Epistemology in qualitative research is not strictly an empirical approach to defining true knowledge. Instead, it encompasses a broader understanding of knowledge, including philosophical considerations about the nature and scope of knowledge, traditions of thought, and methods for exploring truth.

Question 8

Which of the following is not one of the aspects of human experience that are explored through phenomenological study?&#10;A) The lived space (spatiality)&#10;B) The lived body (corporeal embodied experience)&#10;C) Lived objectivity (rationality)&#10;D) Lived time (temporality)

Accepted Answer

Phenomenological study focuses on the subjective, lived experiences of individuals, emphasizing aspects such as lived space, lived body, and lived time. Lived objectivity, or rationality, is not typically considered a primary aspect of phenomenological study, which is more concerned with personal perception and experience rather than objective rationality.

Question 9

Which of the following perspectives best aligns with a critical theorist's approach?&#10;A) Theories should be tested through research, in an attempt to increase the predictive understanding of phenomena.&#10;B) Knowledge is universal and may be absolutely captured.&#10;C) There is one objective reality that can be captured and measured by instruments, independent of the observer.&#10;D) Reality and knowledge are considered as relative to particular people and times.

Accepted Answer

Critical theory emphasizes that reality and knowledge are socially constructed, varying across different societies and historical periods, rather than being absolute or universal. This perspective aligns with the idea that what we know and how we understand the world are influenced by social, political, economic, and cultural contexts.

Question 10

Please match the definition with epistemological tradition appropriate.

-An approach where researchers take the stance that knowledge (and theory) is relative to particular people and times; multiple social realities exist that are distributed across various segments of society and groups.