Deck 9: Steps in the Research Process and Characteristics of Sound Research

Question 1

There is a linear sequence of activities that investigators follow when planning and implementing a study; these tasks build on one another and do not allow for reengagement with previous steps.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

All quantitative studies should have a research hypothesis.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In order to ensure ethical research, a panel of individuals external to the institution in which a study is taking place must conduct the ethical review in order to ensure independence.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A qualitative investigator's interpretation of a study's findings can be a highly creative process in which the researcher's theoretical background and knowledge of the subjects and their life contexts comes into play.

Question 5

An attitude of skepticism in the scientific community is viewed as counter-productive, as it indicates a resistance toward research and knowledge production.

Question 6

Ethical review is a process utilized for all studies involving human or animal experiments. It has multiple objectives. Which of the following is not one of them?

A) To protect subjects from harm
B) To ensure that experimental control studies do not withhold treatment if it is hypothesized to be of benefit to the subjects
C) To ensure that subjects' efforts and any risks involved are warranted by the study's importance
D) To ensure subjects freely give informed consent to participate

Question 7

When selecting a research methodology, an investigator will determine many of the characteristics of the study. Which of the following is not part of the research methodology?

A) Research design
B) Ethical approvals
C) Sampling approach
D) Data collection approach

Question 8

Which of the following sections would not be included in the findings of a study?

A) A statement of alternative explanations to the ones offered and specification that there were no problems in the data set (or explanation if there were)
B) Analysis of the outcomes with respect to prior studies and within the existing background literature
C) A statement of replicability, to promote the rigor of a study
D) Specification of the degree of confidence that should be placed in the findings

Question 9

What is the definition of communality with regard to conducting research?

A) A recognition that research studies should be done in a naturalistic setting (within the community) to promote the validity of the findings
B) A scientific movement where there is an increased focus on interdisciplinary developed research
C) An obligation for practitioners to share in the responsibility for generating knowledge relevant to the field
D) A context wherein research takes place within a community of scientists who critique and evaluate a study's findings in light of the existing body of literature

Question 10

Research studies are disseminated to the public for expanding knowledge; two characteristics related to this are their verifiability and replicability. Which of the following statements is false regarding these two measures?

A) Verifiability requires the provision of sufficient explanation so that others can understand exactly what was done and how the conclusions of the study were generated.
B) Replicability requires the provision of sufficient explanation so that others can repeat the study to see if the same results are obtained.
C) Both are specific only to quantitative studies.
D) Both are characteristics that should be demonstrated when creating a sound research study.

Question 11

Match the following characteristics of sound research with their respective attributes (some items may be used more than once).

-Knowledge may be systematically linked to a phenomenon, being explained through a process of making observations of a phenomenon, then empirically examining those observations.

A) Rigor
B) A scientific/scholarly attitude
C) Logical reasoning
D) Communality

Question 12

Match the following characteristics of sound research with their respective attributes (some items may be used more than once).

-This empirical viewpoint states that scientific knowledge emerges from proof rather than opinion and is tested by observation and experience.

A) Rigor
B) A scientific/scholarly attitude
C) Logical reasoning
D) Communality

Question 13

Match the following characteristics of sound research with their respective attributes (some items may be used more than once).

-This consists of rules, procedures, and techniques that have been developed and agreed upon by the scientific community.

A) Rigor
B) A scientific/scholarly attitude
C) Logical reasoning
D) Communality

Question 14

Match the following characteristics of sound research with their respective attributes (some items may be used more than once).

-Research occurs within a context of existing evidence and allied scholars, and its findings are subject to review by this public.

A) Rigor
B) A scientific/scholarly attitude
C) Logical reasoning
D) Communality

Question 15

Match the following characteristics of sound research with their respective attributes (some items may be used more than once).

-A perspective that knowledge should be open to doubt, further analysis, and criticism.

A) Rigor
B) A scientific/scholarly attitude
C) Logical reasoning
D) Communality