Deck 1: Introducing Nursing Research for Evidence-Based Practice

Question 1

An especially important goal for the nursing profession is to:

A) Conduct research to better understand the context of nursing practice
B) Establish a base of evidence for practice through disciplined research
C) Document the role nursing serves in society
D) Establish research priorities

Answer 1

Establish a base of evidence for practice through disciplined research

Question 2

Which of the following would not be a current priority for clinical nursing research?

A) Pain management
B) Health promotion
C) Nurses' personalities
D) Prevention of illness

Answer 2

Nurses' personalities

Question 3

Most nursing studies before 1950 focused on:

A) Client satisfaction
B) Clinical interventions
C) Health promotion
D) Nursing education

Answer 3

Nursing education

Question 4

To those espousing a naturalistic paradigm, a fundamental belief is that:

A) A fixed reality exists in nature for humans to understand
B) The nature of reality has changed over time
C) Reality is multiply constructed and multiply interpreted by humans
D) Reality cannot be studied empirically

Question 5

To those espousing a positivist paradigm, a fundamental belief is that:

A) The researcher is objective and independent of those being studied.
B) The researcher cannot interact with those being studied.
C) The researcher instructs those being studied to be objective in providing information.
D) The distance between the researcher and those being researched is minimized to enhance the interactive process.

Question 6

The traditional scientific method is not characterized by which of the following attributes?

A) Control over external factors
B) Systematic measurement and observation of natural phenomena
C) Testing of hunches deduced from theory or prior research
D) Emphasis on a holistic view of a phenomenon, studied in a rich context

Question 7

The classic scientific method has its intellectual roots in:

A) Positivism
B) Determinism
C) Constructivism
D) Empiricism

Question 8

Naturalistic qualitative research typically:

A) Involves deductive processes
B) Attempts to control the research context to better understand the phenomenon being studied
C) Involves gathering narrative, subjective materials
D) Focuses on the idiosyncrasies of those being studied

Question 9

Quantitative and qualitative research dnot share which of the following features?

A) A desire to understand the true state of human affairs
B) Roots in the 19th century thought of such philosophers as Newton and Locke
C) A reliance on external evidence collected through the senses
D) Utility to the nursing profession

Question 10

A descriptive question that a qualitative researcher might ask is:

A) What are the dimensions of this phenomenon?
B) What is the average intensity of this phenomenon?
C) How frequently does this phenomenon occur?
D) What is the average duration of this phenomenon?

Question 11

Which of the following EBP-related purposes would not be addressed through cause-probing research?

A) Intervention/treatment
B) Prognosis
C) Harm and etiology
D) Diagnosis and assessment

Question 12

Over a 20-year period, Wallace and colleagues conducted a series of studies on children's pain and nurses' pain management. This is an example of:

A) A research program
B) The scientific method
C) Positivist research
D) Basic research

Question 13

Nurses have fully achieved an evidence-based practice, in that decisions are almost always based on solid research findings.

Question 14

Journal clubs involve meetings to discuss and critically evaluate research studies.

Question 15

Nursing research did not begin to achieve important breakthroughs until the 1990s.

Question 16

Throughout the history of nursing research, most studies have focused on clinical problems.

Question 17

Most people would agree that nursing research began with Florence Nightingale.

Question 18

The journal Nursing Research began publication during the 1950s.

Question 19

The federal agency in the United States that currently offers support for nursing research is the National Center for Nursing Research.

Question 20

The movement for evidence-based medicine originated in a Canadian university.

Question 21

There are currently five or six journals that publish the results of nursing studies.

Question 22

Nurse researchers work almost exclusively in universities and schools of nursing.

Question 23

The annual NINR budget currently exceeds $100 million.

Question 24

The trial-and-error approach to developing knowledge is an empirical one.

Question 25

Benchmarking data is at the pinnacle of the evidence hierarchy.

Question 26

According to the positivist paradigm, there is an objective reality that can be understood by researchers.

Question 27

The naturalistic paradigm is associated with structured, quantitative research.

Question 28

Naturalistic researchers attempt to understand rather than control the context
of the phenomena being studied.

Question 29

Nursing leaders currently are suggesting that in-depth, process-oriented studies are more important than controlled quantitative studies for nursing practice.

Question 30

Empirical evidence is information derived from introspective analysis of real-world phenomena.

Question 31

The scientific method assumes that all phenomena have antecedent causes.

Question 32

Quantitative researchers are more likely than qualitative researchers to pursue research with prediction and control as a purpose.

Question 33

Quantitative researchers tend to emphasize the dynamic and holistic aspects of human experience.

Question 34

Applied research is designed to solve immediate problems.

Question 35

The question, "How prevalent is this phenomenon?" would be asked in a quantitative descriptive study.

Question 36

The question "What is the meaning of this phenomenon?" would be asked by qualitative researchers.