Deck 5: Identifying Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses

Question 1

Based on what we know from this chapter, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study violated which of the following? Select all that apply.

A) Freedom from harm
B) Right to self-determination
C) Right to fair treatment
D) Privacy rule

Answer 1

Freedom from harm
Right to self-determination
Right to fair treatment

Question 2

The regulations affecting the ethical conduct of research sponsored by the U.S. federal government were based on which of the following?

A) Nuremberg Code
B) Declaration of Helsinki
C) Belmont Report
D) Code of Ethics of the American Nurses Association

Answer 2

Belmont Report

Question 3

Debriefing sessions are which of the following?

A) Discussions with prospective participants to obtain informed consent
B) Discussions with participants after a study to explain various aspects of the study and provide a forum for questioning
C) Discussions with a human subjects committee before a study to obtain permission to proceed
D) Recruitment discussions with prospective participants

Answer 3

Discussions with participants after a study to explain various aspects of the study and provide a forum for questioning

Question 4

Which of the following are potential benefits from participating in a study? Select all that apply.

A) Monetary gains
B) Access to a new and potentially beneficial treatment
C) Opportunity to discuss personal feelings and experiences with an objective listener
D) Opportunity to help determine the research question that the study is based on

Question 5

Which of the following comprise the three primary ethical principles articulated by the Belmont Report? Select all that apply.

A) Beneficence
B) Respect for human dignity
C) Anonymity
D) Justice

Question 6

If a researcher unobtrusively studies interactions among patients in a psychiatric hospital, what might this be called?

A) Research misconduct
B) Breach of confidentiality
C) Covert data collection
D) Deception

Question 7

Confidentiality of study participants can be most effectively protected by which of the following?

A) Avoiding the collection of any identifying information
B) Performing a risk/benefit assessment
C) Placing all identifying information on computer files rather than manual files
D) Obtaining informed consent from participants before the study

Question 8

In what situation is informed consent not needed?

A) The researcher pays the participants a stipend
B) The risk/benefit ratio is low
C) A Certificate of Confidentiality has been obtained
D) Informed consent is always needed

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of research misconduct?

A) Fabrication of data
B) Concealed observation
C) IRB rejection
D) A high monetary incentive to study participants

Question 10

Who may sign the informed consent for a child to participate in a study? Select all that apply.

A) Grandmother with legal guardianship
B) Parent
C) Sibling over 18 years of age
D) Child over 7 years old

Question 11

Vulnerable groups include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A) Prisoners
B) Pregnant women
C) Young adults between 19 and 24 years of age
D) Infants and toddlers

Question 12

In a qualitative study, process consent is used for which of the following reasons?

A) The researcher may need to renegotiate consent to gather more data.
B) The researcher needs consent for each of the surveys to be answered.
C) The participant may divulge private information and then regret it.
D) The participant may forget the risks involved in a study after being initially informed.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes an assent form?

A) The assent form allows a child to agree to be part of a research study.
B) The assent form is read by the researcher for those who do not speak or read English.
C) The assent form protects study participants from discrimination due to cultural diversity.
D) The assent form allows the child over 7 years of age to give informed consent to participate in a study.

Question 14

The nurse researcher protects study participants by which of the following?

A) Performing a risk/benefit assessment to evaluate the cost compared with the benefit of participation.
B) Keeping painful procedure information from the study participant until the study is completed.
C) Preventing psychological discomfort during and after the study.
D) Proposing a study that ultimately benefits society despite the risk to the participants.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of confidentiality and anonymity?

A) Confidentiality is implemented when a researcher cannot guarantee anonymity.
B) Confidentiality of participant information may occur during a research study whereas anonymity is required.
C) Confidentiality is a sign of respect for the participant by the researcher but anonymity is a legal issue.
D) Confidentiality procedures require a researcher to disclose illegal behavior whereas anonymity protects the researcher from disclosing a participant's illegal behavior.

Question 16

In a legal case, a participant is protected if a Certificate of Confidentiality was issued by which of the following?

A) The National Institutes of Health to prevent forced disclosure
B) The Internal Review Board of the institution to protect the participant
C) The principle researcher to avoid a breach of confidentiality
D) The court to protect a member of a vulnerable group

Question 17

In both qualitative and quantitative studies, researchers use debriefing to do which of the following?

A) Allow participants to ask questions and give feedback to the researcher
B) Allow the researcher to assess the participant before they leave the study site
C) Explain to the participant what information they can tell others
D) Describe the purpose of the study and the consent form

Question 18

Which of the following is an ethical principle cited by the Belmont Report as a standard for research?

A) Beneficence
B) Philanthropy
C) Duty
D) Morality

Question 19

Offering prisoners a $50.00 payment for participation in a clinical trial for toothpaste violates which of the following?

A) The right to self-determination
B) The right to full disclosure
C) The right to protection from exploitation
D) The right to privacy

Question 20

To protect the right to fair treatment, the researcher who seeks federal grant funding for research is required to do which of the following?

A) Include minority populations in their research study
B) Disclose the benefits of the research to participants
C) Offer participants a stipend for participation in the study
D) Obtain informed consent from participants