Deck 11: Appraising Sampling and Data Collection in Qualitative Studies

Question 1

The term emergent design in qualitative inquiry refers to a research design that emerges at which of the following times?

A) During the conduct of a literature review
B) While the researcher develops a conceptual framework
C) Before the study is begun
D) While the researcher is in the field collecting data

Answer 1

While the researcher is in the field collecting data

Question 2

Which of the following is an issue that a qualitative researcher attends to in planning a study? Select all that apply.

A) Selecting a site
B) Identifying needed equipment for field work
C) Selecting research instruments
D) Determining the maximum amount of time available for field work

Answer 2

Selecting a site
Identifying needed equipment for field work
Determining the maximum amount of time available for field work

Question 3

Ethnographers strive to do which of the following?

A) Understand human cultures
B) Develop an etic perspective
C) Link the etic and emic perspectives into a unified whole
D) Understand the essence of a phenomenon

Answer 3

Understand human cultures

Question 4

An ethnographic study of a clinic that specialized in abortion services by someone from outside that culture would most likely be an example of which of the following?

A) An auto-ethnography
B) A critical ethnography
C) A microethnography
D) A macroethnography

Question 5

Which of the following is a step in descriptive phenomenology? Select all that apply.

A) Bracketing
B) Inferring
C) Analyzing
D) Describing

Question 6

A study that focused on the meaning of sacrifice among wounded military personnel during war time would likely use which of the following?

A) A descriptive phenomenological approach
B) A grounded theory approach
C) An ethnography
D) A hermeneutic approach

Question 7

Participant observation is a data collection strategy used in almost all of which of the following?

A) Ethnographic studies
B) Case studies
C) Phenomenological studies
D) Descriptive qualitative studies

Question 8

Which of the following approaches involves the use of a procedure known as constant comparison?

A) Grounded theory
B) Ethnography
C) Phenomenology
D) Historical

Question 9

The question, "What is the essence of men's experiences of chemotherapy treatment for prostate cancer?" is an example of a research question within which of the following traditions?

A) Grounded theory
B) Ethnography
C) Phenomenology
D) Qualitative description

Question 10

The question, "What are the basic social processes women use to maintain balance through their menopausal transition?" is an example of a research question within which of the following traditions?

A) Grounded theory
B) Ethnography
C) Phenomenology
D) Qualitative description

Question 11

Which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply.

A) Reflexive journals can be used in the bracketing process.
B) Hermeneutics focuses on interpreting the meaning of experiences.
C) Descriptive phenomenology aims at understanding tacit knowledge.
D) Interpretive phenomenologists often supplement in-depth interviews with an analysis of texts (e.g., novels, poetry).

Question 12

Which of the following names does not belong with the others?

A) Heidegger
B) Corbin
C) Strauss
D) Glaser

Question 13

Which of the following is most likely to be at "center stage" in a case study?

A) A phenomenon such as attempted suicide
B) The culture within an organization such as a diabetic clinic
C) A person, such as a person who repeatedly self-harms
D) A story, such as the life story about chronic health problems of political refugees

Question 14

A researcher who used Burke's pentadic dramatism approach would be undertaking which of the following?

A) Historical research
B) Qualitative description
C) A case study
D) A narrative analysis

Question 15

Which of the following is a type of research with an ideological perspective? Select all that apply.

A) Critical ethnography
B) Symbolic interaction
C) Participatory action research
D) Feminist research

Question 16

Critical research differs from traditional qualitative research in which of the following?

A) Its goal to be transformative
B) Its use of interviews as a data source
C) Its use of reflexivity
D) Its desire to gain an in-depth understanding of phenomena

Question 17

Emergent design is used in qualitative research and is described as a research design that does which of the following?

A) Is specified before data is collected
B) Tends to be reductionistic
C) Evolves during the study
D) Involves a short period of time to collect data

Question 18

Which of the following is characteristic of qualitative research?

A) It is capable of adjusting to what is being learned during data collection.
B) It depends on the robust nature of statistical analysis.
C) It does not have to obtain Institutional Review Board approval before conducting the study.
D) It involves survey research design.

Question 19

When considering the evidence that men in nursing had an important role in the evolution of nursing as a profession, what qualitative research design is appropriate to study this phenomenon of interest?

A) Phenomenology
B) Grounded theory
C) Ethnography
D) Historical

Question 20

Which of the following characteristics refers to qualitative nursing research design? Select all that apply.

A) The focus is to develop a rich understanding of a phenomenon.
B) Researchers strive to eliminate extraneous variables.
C) It is critical to maintain constancy of conditions.
D) Most studies are retrospective.

Question 21

Which characteristic of qualitative research design is similar to quantitative research design?

A) Use of both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs to observe the evolution of a phenomenon
B) Generalizing the finding of a study
C) Use of power analysis for determining sample size
D) Avoidance of using field notes during the data collection process, to prevent bias

Question 22

Ethnographers seek to learn from members of a cultural group to understand their world view. Ethnographic researchers refer to which of the following two perspectives?

A) Ying and yang
B) Emic and etic
C) Data saturation and generalization
D) Significant and nonsignificant

Question 23

The qualitative method that uses an inductive approach using a systematic set of procedures to create a theory about social processes is known which of the following?

A) Phenomenology
B) Grounded Theory
C) Ethnography
D) Historical Method

Question 24

In a qualitative study, the researcher becomes involved with the research process and must ensure that his or her own preconceived beliefs and opinions do not influence the data that is emerging from the study. The way the researcher does this is by which of the following?

A) Bracketing
B) Hermeneutics
C) Narrative analysis
D) Pentadic dramatism

Question 25

Ethnographers use a very specific strategy for making observations of the culture under study while being involved in activities. This is referred to as which of the following?

A) Surveys
B) Participant observation
C) Hermeneutics
D) Bracketing

Question 26

Grounded theory tries to account for people's actions from the perspective of those involved. It seeks to discover this main concern or problem and the behavior that is designed to resolve it. The manner in which people resolve this main concern is known as which of the following?

A) Participatory action research
B) Constant comparison
C) The core variable
D) A single entity

Question 27

The focus of case study design is which of the following?

A) Understanding why an individual thinks or behaves in a particular manner
B) Focusing on a story as the object of inquiry
C) Emergence of content analysis
D) Presentation of pentadic dramatism

Question 28

A critical researcher is concerned with which of the following? Select all that apply.

A) A critique of society and envisioning new possibilities
B) An aim to make people aware of contradictions and disparities in beliefs and social practices
C) Understanding how individuals construct and narrate stories to make sense of their world
D) Fostering enlightened self-knowledge

Question 29

Participatory action research aims to produce which of the following? Select all that apply.

A) Knowledge
B) Action
C) Empowerment
D) Stability