Deck 15: Understanding the Analysis of Qualitative Data

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The results of statistical testing have direct meaning.
B) Evaluating the credibility of a study typically involves a careful assessment of methodologic decisions.
C) Support of a researcher's hypothesis through statistical testing offers proof of its veracity.
D) A correlation between two variables indicates that the independent variable caused the dependent variable.

Answer 1

Evaluating the credibility of a study typically involves a careful assessment of methodologic decisions.

Question 2

Information about the precision of results typically is communication in the form of which of the following?

A) Significance levels
B) Effect size estimates
C) Correlation coefficients
D) Confidence intervals

Answer 2

Confidence intervals

Question 3

Information about the magnitude or importance of results typically takes the form of which of the following?

A) Significance levels
B) Effect size estimates
C) Correlation coefficients
D) Confidence intervals

Answer 3

Effect size estimates

Question 4

Which of the following is an aspect or dimension of the interpretive task? Select all that apply.

A) The accuracy or credibility of the results
B) The meaning of the results
C) The vigor of the results
D) The implications of the results

Question 5

When a researcher makes a Type II error (concludes that no relationship between the independent and dependent variable exists when in fact it does), this could occur because of which of the following? Select all that apply.

A) An anomalous sample
B) Unreliable data collection instruments
C) Problems with adequately implementing the intervention
D) A large sample size

Question 6

When a researcher obtains significant results that are opposite to what was originally hypothesized, it is likely that this occurred because of which of the following?

A) Inadequate sample size
B) Unreliable data collection instruments
C) A flawed statistical analysis
D) Faulty reasoning

Question 7

The Results section of a research article summarizes results of which of the following?

A) Study conclusions
B) Statistical analyses
C) Inferences
D) Interpretation of study findings

Question 8

It is important that researchers design rigorous study methods to prevent which of the following?

A) Making inferences
B) Biases
C) Rejection of null hypothesis
D) Internal audit

Question 9

A study is investigating the rate of immunization at a community-based clinic. Selection bias is most likely to be present in which of the following samples?

A) Random sample of clients accessing an urgent care clinic
B) Random sample of records of school clinic vaccination rates
C) Convenience sample of mothers who bring children to clinic for vaccinations
D) Convenience sample of high school students who have received required vaccinations

Question 10

A main purpose of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow diagram is which of the following?

A) Track the progress of study participants
B) Present accurate statistical analyses
C) Compare and contrast current study findings
D) Summarize previous study findings

Question 11

The purpose of evaluating the evidence that emanates from research articles is to do which of the following?

A) Maintain licensure as a professional nurse
B) Implement protocols already established in one's clinical area
C) Improve one's clinical assessment skills
D) Decide whether recommendations might be implemented

Question 12

A researcher must select a sample that is representative of the population. Which of the following venues would be most practical for recruitment of patients with primary hypertension?

A) Prenatal clinic
B) High school clinic
C) Primary care clinic
D) Acute care hospital

Question 13

A researcher plans to use a proxy variable to measure the concept of patient outcome. Which of the following would be an appropriate variable to use?

A) Length of stay in hospital
B) Medicare eligibility
C) Falls risk
D) Staffing ratios

Question 14

Researchers conducting an exercise intervention study with overweight adults recruited a sample of 250 adults from a primary care clinic. Of the 250 adults, 82 participants completed the study. The 82 participants represent what type of sample?

A) Target population
B) Accessible population
C) Recruited sample
D) Actual sample

Question 15

The term validity refers to which of the following?

A) Truth of an inference
B) Honesty of the report
C) Accuracy of the measurement
D) Preparation of the researcher

Question 16

A study reports a 60% rate of attrition among the participants. This finding suggests which of the following?

A) A threat to internal validity
B) Lack of recruitment
C) Appropriate compensation/incentives
D) Invalid measurements

Question 17

A p-value is a measure of the likelihood that the statistical results were obtained in error. A confidence interval, on the other hand, provides which of the following?

A) The range of the measured values in the sample reported in the research report
B) The probability that similar results will be obtained in error, in the future
C) The range of probable values of the variable in the population
D) The likelihood that the results will be useful in practice

Question 18

The fact that research study findings are statistically significant indicates which of the following?

A) Intervention was effective
B) Methods were valid
C) Results were unlikely due to chance
D) Sample size was adequate