Deck 7: Rehabilitation: What Works to Change Offenders

Question 1

Which of the following is not one of the Canadian psychologists who advocated for offender treatment?

A) Mark Lipsey
B) Don Andrews
C) Paul Gendreau
D) James Bonta

Answer 1

Mark Lipsey

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding rehabilitation is true?

A) it is an unstructured correctional intervention that only targets for change aspects of the offender's life that the courts deem important
B) it is a planned correctional intervention that always places offenders in an institution so they can recover
C) it is a planned correctional intervention that has the overarching goal for the individual to live a good life
D) it is a planned correctional intervention that targets for change internal and/or social criminogenic factors to reduce recidivism

Answer 2

it is a planned correctional intervention that targets for change internal and/or social criminogenic factors to reduce recidivism

Question 3

Which of the following is not a component of rehabilitation?

A) the intervention is undertaken by the correctional system
B) the intervention's main goal is to reduce recidivism
C) the intervention targets for change the factors that the individual chooses
D) the intervention may also help to improve the offender is other ways

Answer 3

the intervention targets for change the factors that the individual chooses

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of an experimental design?

A) offenders are randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups
B) offenders are selected for a treatment group and no control group is used
C) offenders are in treatment or control groups but random assignment is not used
D) offenders are given a pre-test prior to receiving an intervention and then given a post-test after the intervention to make sure any differences are due to the intervention

Question 5

Describing studies and telling a story about what they mean is an example of what time of study review?

A) quantitative
B) narrative
C) meta-analysis
D) ballot-box

Question 6

Robert Martinson (1974) concluded which of the following statements regarding the effects of rehabilitative efforts?

A) no appreciable effect on recidivism
B) more research was needed
C) recidivism was significantly reduced
D) certain rehabilitative programs work better than others

Question 7

Half-full reviewers tend to do which of the following?

A) emphasize work that support their preconceived beliefs
B) emphasize what does not work
C) emphasize their own work
D) emphasize what does work

Question 8

In response to Martinson's (1974) work, Ted Palmer responded in which of the following ways?

A) he reread the 82 studies cited and concluded that no studies were supportive of rehabilitation
B) he reread the 82 studies cited and concluded that Martinson was correct in his initial report
C) he reread the 82 studies cited and concluded that almost half of those studies could be categorized as reducing recidivism
D) he reread the 82 studies cited and concluded that all of the studies were supportive of rehabilitation

Question 9

What was the overarching message of the article by Paul Gendreau and Robert Ross, "Bibliotherapy for Cynics"?

A) those who were cynical about punishment needed to read the available literature supporting punishment-oriented programs
B) those who were cynical about rehabilitation needed to read the available literature supporting successful treatment interventions
C) those who were cynical about the criminal justice process needed to read the available literature supporting the need for criminal justice agents
D) those who were cynical about human services-oriented programs needed to read the available literature that showed treatment had no effect on recidivism

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a criminogenic need?

A) antisocial attitudes
B) self-esteem
C) anxiety
D) intelligence

Question 11

A meta-analysis is:

A) a way of summarizing evaluation studies through qualitative methods
B) a way of summarizing evaluation studies by counting how many studies support or do not support the treatment measured
C) a way of summarizing evaluation studies through explaining the results one-by-one
D) a way of summarizing evaluation studies through quantitative methods

Question 12

According to findings from meta-analyses, treatment programs that are supposed to reduce recidivism:

A) only increase recidivism
B) always reduce recidivism
C) sometimes have no effect while others work quite well
D) are inconclusive because no two programs are the same

Question 13

Which type of program is generally the most reliable in achieving high reductions in recidivism?

A) behavioral modification programs
B) exposure therapy programs
C) cognitive-behavioral programs
D) talk therapy programs

Question 14

Which of the following is not a component of the principles of effective intervention?

A) need
B) intermittent punishment
C) responsivity
D) risk

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a static predictor?

A) the delinquent friends an offender hangs around
B) the thinking errors an offender has
C) an offender's criminal values
D) an offender's criminal history

Question 16

A criminogenic need is something that:

A) cannot be changed
B) an offender needs in order to commit a crime
C) providers have not been able to identify to effectively treat offenders
D) can potentially be changed

Question 17

Which of the following is not part of the "Big Four"?

A) antisocial personality pattern
B) history of antisocial behavior
C) substance abuse
D) antisocial associates

Question 18

The component that "treatment services should be behavioral, social learning, and cognitive-behavioral in nature" refers to which of the following?

A) need principle
B) responsivity principle
C) desistance principle
D) risk principle

Question 19

According to the effective principles of intervention, subjecting low-risk offenders to intensive interventions could:

A) actually increase recidivism
B) be a wise use of scarce resources since they are more open to change
C) significantly reduce recidivism
D) reduce their likelihood of being caught but not of committing more crimes

Question 20

Desistance-based rehabilitation refers to:

A) the finding that offenders continually commit crime throughout their life but are less likely to be caught
B) the finding that, eventually, almost all offenders stop breaking the law
C) the finding that offenders only stop committing crime once they have received a specialized treatment
D) the finding that offenders need to be institutionalized before they stop breaking the law

Question 21

Describe what rehabilitation theory is and its underlying assumptions. What is different about rehabilitation compared to other theories we have discussed (e.g., deterrence, incapacitation)?

Question 22

Outline the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model and its underlying assumptions. What does each component recommend and how does this model work to reduce recidivism? Is there any evidence to suggest that this model is effective with offenders?

Question 23

Describe what Ted Palmer did in response to Martinson's (1974) article. How did this affect the future of rehabilitation?

Question 24

Describe what a meta-analysis is and what a zero/negative/positive relationship means regarding the correlation between treatment and recidivism. Provide an example for each.

Question 25

Briefly describe the Good Lives Model (GLM). How does the GLM differ from the RNR model framework?