Deck 8: A New Republic and the Rise of Parties 1789 -1800

Question 1

In 1790, the highest percentage of people of English descent lived in:

A) the West.
B) the mid-Atlantic.
C) the South.
D) New England.

Answer 1

New England.

Question 2

In 1790, the highest percentage of enslaved Africans lived in:

A) the West.
B) the mid-Atlantic.
C) the South.
D) New England.

Answer 2

the South.

Question 3

At the time of George Washington's first inauguration, all of the following were true EXCEPT:

A) political parties were already bitterly opposed to each other.
B) two states had not yet ratified the Constitution.
C) the government faced a huge debt.
D) conditions in the West were unstable.

Answer 3

political parties were already bitterly opposed to each other.

Question 4

The national census of 1790 revealed that the number of white and black Americans was:

A) 2,500,000.
B) 4,000,000.
C) 10,000,000.
D) 25,000,000.

Question 5

There was little use of indentured servants or slaves in New England because:

A) Quakers had the strongest influence of governments in the region.
B) most of the region's people were involved in manufacturing.
C) it was an impractical place to cultivate cash crops.
D) the government of Massachusetts never allowed either practice.

Question 6

New England was the most uniform region in America for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A) very few blacks or Indians lived in the region.
B) Puritan values continued to be a dominant force in cultural identity.
C) most New Englanders' ethnic heritage was English.
D) it contained the highest percentage of people who had been Loyalists.

Question 7

What was different about the population of New England compared to other regions?

A) It had the largest number of free blacks in America.
B) Women outnumbered men in parts of the region.
C) Catholics and Quakers made up a great deal of the population.
D) New Englanders exhibited the widest range of social diversity.

Question 8

The most ethnically and religiously diverse region in early America was:

A) New England.
B) the mid-Atlantic region.
C) the Carolinas.
D) the Deep South.

Question 9

Mid-Atlantic culture was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) serving as the "breadbasket" of American farming.
B) a rich diversity of ethnicity and religion throughout the region.
C) a wider job market than existed in New England.
D) a clear consensus for republicanism with a strong central government.

Question 10

What factor made the South the most populous region in the early United States?

A) the most beneficial job market in the nation
B) a comfortable climate for doing outdoor labor
C) the appeal of a wide range of European-American cultures
D) the presence of a large number of African-American slaves

Question 11

Slaves made up the majority of the population in all of the following regions EXCEPT:

A) the swampy region of South Carolina.
B) the Georgia lowcountry.
C) the Piedmont region near the Appalachian Mountains.
D) the Tidewater region in eastern Virginia.

Question 12

Social tensions between lowcountry and backcountry Southerners included:

A) residual hatred over their differing roles in the Revolution.
B) the backcountry farmers' insistence on engaging in commercial farming.
C) different interpretations of their shared worship in the Anglican Church.
D) vast differences in wealth and religious practices.

Question 13

Which geographic region best describes the American West in 1790?

A) from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River
B) from the Blue Ridge Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean
C) from the Appalachian Mountains to the southern Canadian border
D) from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean

Question 14

During the 1780s, all of the following were true about the West EXCEPT:

A) Indians and whites had not yet reached the point of conflict.
B) the white population surpassed the Native American population.
C) mortality rates were high, especially among infants.
D) slavery spread into the southern regions of the West.

Question 15

John Adams proposed that George Washington be addressed as:

A) "His Highness."
B) "Republican."
C) "Mr. President."
D) "Sir George."

Question 16

The most democratic members of Congress felt that George Washington should be addressed as:

A) "His Highness."
B) "Mr. President."
C) "The First Among Equals."
D) "King George."

Question 17

The ________ Amendment discussed the need for a well-regulated militia.

A) First
B) Second
C) Fourth
D) Fifth

Question 18

The ________ Amendment addresses the power balance between the national government and states.

A) First
B) Fourth
C) Sixth
D) Ninth

Question 19

The first government's base of support was strengthened by:

A) stopping Fries's Rebellion.
B) repealing the Sedition Act.
C) passing the Bill of Rights.
D) calming Southerners with Jay's Treaty.

Question 20

Congress increased the power of the President when it allowed the executive to:

A) nominate and dismiss officials in the presidential cabinet.
B) establish foreign trade policies without Congressional approval.
C) appoint cabinet officers without Congressional approval.
D) author and interpret the Bill of Rights.

Question 21

The Judiciary Act:

A) was a heavy-handed move for power by the Federalists.
B) showed that Southerners would never compromise on judicial powers.
C) was designed to raise revenues.
D) represented an artful compromise that balanced legal powers.

Question 22

Sectional differences arose over the debate about:

A) nominations to Washington's cabinet.
B) Thomas Jefferson's appointment as ambassador to France.
C) including the right to free expression in the Bill of Rights.
D) specific aspects of the Tariff Act of 1789.

Question 23

Madison wanted to place especially high duty taxes on imports from:

A) France.
B) Canada.
C) Germany.
D) England.

Question 24

All of the following are true about Alexander Hamilton EXCEPT:

A) he was often egotistical and overbearing.
B) he served as the major spokesman for the yeoman farmer.
C) he saw the well-born and wealthy as the natural leaders of society.
D) he possessed a sharp mind in affairs of finance.

Question 25

What bold plan did Hamilton create in an effort to address the Revolutionary War debt?

A) paying the debt with duty taxes and refusing to levy internal taxes
B) forcing the individual states to pay off their own accrued debts
C) refusing to have any financial relations with Great Britain
D) having the federal government fund the national debt at its full value

Question 26

Hamilton's ideas included all of the following EXCEPT:

A) promoting an agrarian-based economy for the United States.
B) raising revenues by placing an excise tax on whiskey.
C) the creation of a Bank of the United States.
D) advocating protective tariffs to strengthen American industry.

Question 27

To gain southern support for his financial plan, Hamilton offered to:

A) win northern support for moving the nation's capitol to a southern location.
B) get an appointment for Jefferson as Secretary of State.
C) drop all of his proposals that supported the promotion of industry.
D) join the party that opposed the Federalists.

Question 28

Thomas Jefferson felt that creation of the Bank of the United States was:

A) discomforting but necessary.
B) the best proposal offered by Hamilton.
C) an innovative solution to the nation's economic woes.
D) unconstitutional.

Question 29

Which part of Hamilton's financial plan did Southerners most successfully oppose?

A) his attempts to accelerate industrialization
B) the creation of the Bank of the United States
C) the use of excise taxes to generate revenue
D) the federal government's funding of the national debt

Question 30

Membership in the Federalist Party generally included all of the following EXCEPT:

A) financial creditors.
B) northeastern manufacturers.
C) commercial farmers.
D) frontier farmers.

Question 31

The leaders of the opposition Republican Party were Thomas Jefferson and:

A) John Adams.
B) Alexander Hamilton.
C) John Jay.
D) James Madison.

Question 32

The Republicans believed all of the following EXCEPT:

A) a vital heritage of the Revolution was individual liberties.
B) the French Revolution should be opposed due to our close ties with England.
C) the Federalists were instituting a system based on privilege and exploitation.
D) America should commit itself to being a prosperous, agrarian republic.

Question 33

All of the following are true about the Federalists, EXCEPT that the Federalists:

A) opposed Jay's Treaty.
B) wanted a strong central government.
C) supported Hamilton's economic reforms.
D) opposed the French Revolution.

Question 34

The Republican Party was weakest in:

A) the South.
B) the West.
C) New England.
D) the mid-Atlantic region.

Question 35

Federalists were alarmed by:

A) the Republicans' call for a stronger central government.
B) growing support for the Direct Tax Act of 1798.
C) the growing intensity of violence in the French Revolution.
D) leaders who expressed broad constructionist views of the Constitution.

Question 36

Events in which country provoked the strongest divisions between Federalists and Republicans?

A) Holland
B) Spain
C) Canada
D) France

Question 37

Regarding the French Revolution, President Washington did all of the following EXCEPT:

A) declare neutrality regarding English and British conflicts.
B) give Edmond Genet a formal but cold reception.
C) suspend all Franco-American treaties.
D) continue trade relations with both England and France.

Question 38

The creation of Democratic-Republican societies in 1793 and 1794 revealed that:

A) American citizens were rallying behind the Federalist Party.
B) there was a political split in the Republican Party.
C) most Americans opposed the goals of the French Revolution.
D) many Americans were beginning to support grassroots democracy.

Question 39

Members of Democratic-Republican societies believed all of the following EXCEPT:

A) regard for the elite needed a renewal of social deference.
B) grassroots democracy could maintain the revolutionary spirit of 1776.
C) Hamilton's policies favored the rich at the expense of everyone else.
D) the Washington administration should have supported the French Revolution.

Question 40

The Battle of Fallen Timbers resulted in:

A) an embarrassing defeat of the American army.
B) a public humiliation for the Washington administration.
C) the firing of Arthur St. Clair.
D) the decisive defeat of the Ohio Indians.

Question 41

The leader of American forces at the Battle of Fallen Timbers was:

A) Arthur St. Clair.
B) Alexander Hamilton.
C) Anthony Wayne.
D) Horatio Gates.

Question 42

The Whiskey Rebellion was spurred by:

A) opposition to Hamilton's excise tax.
B) a move by Congress to institute the prohibition of alcohol consumption.
C) the Federalists' refusal to permit the interstate sale of alcohol.
D) farmers' support for the French Revolution.

Question 43

The Battle of Fallen Timbers led to:

A) the Treaty of Greenville.
B) the Pinckney Treaty.
C) the Jay Treaty.
D) the Wayne Treaty.

Question 44

Which statement about the Whiskey Rebellion is NOT true?

A) Thomas Jefferson felt that the Washington administration overreacted.
B) Thousands of rebels had armed themselves in militia camps in western Pennsylvania.
C) It revealed the nation's conflicting visions of local liberty vs. national order.
D) Rebels expressed the ideology of the American Revolution in support of their cause.

Question 45

In 1800, the western boundary of the United States was:

A) the Appalachian Mountains.
B) the Rocky Mountains.
C) the Mississippi River.
D) the Pacific Ocean.

Question 46

John Jay was sent to London in 1794 to:

A) negotiate for American expansion into Canada.
B) seek new markets for American tobacco and cotton.
C) threaten the British Parliament.
D) avert war with England over disputes about trade.

Question 47

Agreements in Jay's Treaty included all of the following EXCEPT:

A) American merchants being released from payment of pre-Revolution debts.
B) American recognition of "most favored nation" status for England.
C) Britain's pledge to compensate American merchants for goods seized in 1793 and 1794.
D) Americans abandoning their insistence on trade with France without English resistance.

Question 48

Jay's Treaty was especially unpopular with:

A) northern manufacturers.
B) creditors.
C) Federalists.
D) Southerners.

Question 49

The Treaty of San Lorenzo (Pinckney's Treaty):

A) excluded Americans from New Orleans.
B) established the northern boundary of Spanish Florida.
C) ceded the Louisiana Territory to France.
D) transferred Spain's Caribbean colonies to the United States.

Question 50

In his Farewell Address, Washington devoted most of his time to:

A) denouncing partisan politics.
B) calling for foreign alliances.
C) praising Alexander Hamilton.
D) reminiscing about the Revolution.

Question 51

In the 1796 election, John Adams had the most support in:

A) New England.
B) the mid-Atlantic.
C) the West.
D) the South.

Question 52

The XYZ Affair almost caused:

A) a declaration of war against France.
B) the impeachment of John Adams.
C) a trade embargo against England.
D) the deportation of immigrants.

Question 53

The Federalists targeted immigrants in the Alien Acts because:

A) many immigrants were spying for France.
B) the Federalists wanted a nation of English-Americans only.
C) many immigrants voted for the Republican Party.
D) leaders of the Republican Party had not been born in North America.

Question 54

The Alien Acts did all of the following EXCEPT:

A) empower the president to deport foreigners from nations at war with America.
B) make it illegal for immigrants in the South to join the Republican Party.
C) make it more difficult for immigrants to become citizens.
D) authorize the president to expel aliens at his will.

Question 55

The Sedition Act can easily be seen as a violation of:

A) the election promises made by Adams.
B) Hamilton's political ideals.
C) the belief in a strong national government.
D) First Amendment rights.

Question 56

Which statement about the Sedition Act is NOT true?

A) It was designed to silence protests against the government.
B) Federalist judges were biased in enforcing the act.
C) No one was actually imprisoned under its statutes.
D) It was opposed by Democratic-Republican Societies.

Question 57

Fries's Rebellion was spurred by:

A) opposition to the Alien Acts.
B) discontent over trade policies with England.
C) the XYZ affair.
D) anger over the Direct Tax of 1798.

Question 58

John Adams:

A) hoped to militarily suppress the Republicans.
B) opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts.
C) agreed with Hamilton throughout his presidency.
D) defied his party in negotiating the Franco-American Accord of 1800.

Question 59

The Franco-American Accord of 1800:

A) hurt Jefferson's chances to become president.
B) showed that Hamilton was thinking of changing his approach to France.
C) revealed that Hamiltonian Federalists were losing popularity and political strength.
D) nearly led to war with Spain.

Question 60

Thomas Jefferson was elected in 1800 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A) he enjoyed great electoral success with the common man.
B) the Republicans began to assume many of Hamilton's domestic policies.
C) the Federalist Party was fragmented and weakened.
D) he had a solid base in agrarian America.

Question 61

The election of 1800 was contentious and bitter in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A) the Federalists portrayed Jefferson as a godless revolutionary.
B) the Republicans claimed that Washington was not a true hero of the Revolution.
C) the Republicans portrayed Adams as a monarchist determined to undo the Revolution.
D) the electoral tie between Burr and Jefferson was heatedly debated behind closed doors.

Question 62

A deist believes:

A) in God as a creator, but not as a being who intervenes in earthly affairs.
B) that a republican state should include a national religion.
C) in God as the master force behind all earthly matters.
D) that school prayer and required reading of the Bible are key political issues.

Question 63

Which event did NOT happen during Washington's presidency?

A) passage of the Bill of Rights
B) the Battle of Fallen Timbers
C) passage of the Sedition Act
D) Jay's Treaty ratified

Question 64

Which is the correct order of events?

A) Hamilton submits financial plan, Adams elected, Whiskey Rebellion
B) Whiskey Rebellion, Adams elected, Hamilton submits financial plan
C) Hamilton submits financial plan, Whiskey Rebellion, Adams elected
D) Whiskey Rebellion, Hamilton submits financial plan, Adams elected

Question 65

Which headline would have appeared in 1800?

A) "Washington Warns of Divisiveness in Farewell Address"
B) "American Troops Enter Pennsylvania Seeking Whiskey Rebels"
C) "Southern Leaders Outraged by Jay's Treaty"
D) "Thomas Jefferson Elected as New President in Tight Election"

Question 66

Washington was inaugurated in:

A) 1785.
B) 1789.
C) 1795.
D) 1796.

Question 67

Diplomatic relations with France were improved in:

A) 1794.
B) 1796.
C) 1798.
D) 1800.

Question 68

Which of the following happened first?

A) Franco-American Accord
B) ratification of Jay's Treaty with Britain
C) creation of the Bank of the United States
D) Fries's Rebellion in Pennsylvania

Question 69

Which of the following happened last?

A) XYZ Affair
B) ratification of Pinckney's Treaty with Spain
C) Washington's reelection
D) Battle of Fallen Timbers

Question 70

What facts reveal that New England was the most uniform cultural area of early America?

Question 71

What factors made the mid-Atlantic region the most culturally diverse area in early America?

Question 72

What civil liberties are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights? How did the Bill of Rights come to be included as the first amendments to the Constitution?

Question 73

What were the major problems that confronted the Washington administration?

Question 74

Why was there a split in the Federalist Party in the period 1796-1800?

Question 75

How did life in America's four regions reveal both the differences and shared values among the citizens of the early republic?

Question 76

What were the key causes and events that illustrate that the 1790s was a decade of growing partisanship in American politics?

Question 77

Describe the political disputes of the 1790s that revealed growing sectional antagonism.

Question 78

What were the different visions of America expressed by Federalists and Republicans?

Question 79

What developments of the 1790s resulted in the rise of the Republican Party? What mistakes did the Federalists make?

Question 80

Thomas Jefferson called his election as president "the revolution of 1800." What events and outcomes led Jefferson to make this statement?