Deck 26: The New Deal: 1933-1941

Question 1

By the day of FDR's inauguration in 1933, banking operations

A) had been suspended in four-fifths of the states.
B) continued, despite several well-publicized failures.
C) had collapsed totally throughout the country.
D) remained largely unaffected by the Depression.

Answer 1

had been suspended in four-fifths of the states.

Question 2

The "Hundred Days" refers to the enormous amount of legislation enacted during the

A) last three months of FDR's first administration.
B) first three months of FDR's first administration.
C) interim between FDR's election and his inauguration.
D) first three months of FDR's second administration.

Answer 2

first three months of FDR's first administration.

Question 3

The Civilian Conservation Corps was intended primarily to

A) assist large manufacturers in their recycling efforts.
B) aid western states in restoring land ruined by over-grazing.
C) create soil conservation and reforestation jobs for unemployed young men.
D) help farmers preserve land from erosion.

Answer 3

create soil conservation and reforestation jobs for unemployed young men.

Question 4

In the early New Deal, FDR hoped to stimulate business recovery through the partial suspension of antitrust laws, but with worker protection, in the ________ Act.

A) Emergency Bank
B) Glass-Steagall
C) Reconstruction Finance
D) National Industrial Recovery

Question 5

Which of the following was NOT a result of the National Industrial Recovery Act?

A) federal regulation of wages and hours
B) increased union membership
C) the end of the Depression
D) an increase in prices and a limiting of production

Question 6

The labor organization led by John L. Lewis, which fought to organize the semi-skilled and unskilled workers in major mass production industries in the 1930s, was the

A) American Federation of Labor.
B) Teamsters Union.
C) Committee for Industrial Organization.
D) Industrial Workers of the World.

Question 7

The Agricultural Adjustment Act sought to raise farm income by

A) restricting commodity production.
B) granting all producers cash payments.
C) increasing commodity production.
D) deregulating prices and production.

Question 8

Perhaps the most serious weakness of the Agricultural Adjustment Act was

A) allowing destruction of crops and livestock.
B) failing to assist tenant farmers and sharecroppers.
C) encouraging overproduction of basic commodities.
D) promoting rural migration to urban centers.

Question 9

The philosophy of the New Deal is best described as

A) totally rejecting previous American ideas and experiences.
B) emerging from FDR's long fascination with social and economic theories.
C) lacking any consistent ideological base.
D) rooted firmly in Wilson's New Freedom.

Question 10

The Civil Works Administration

A) offered "handouts" to the unemployed.
B) aided financially ailing state governments.
C) provided unemployment insurance to all workers engaged in interstate commerce.
D) created jobs for the unemployed.

Question 11

The novel that best portrayed the desperate plight of millions impoverished by the Depression was The Grapes of Wrath written by

A) Sinclair Lewis.
B) Ernest Hemingway.
C) Willa Cather.
D) John Steinbeck.

Question 12

The author of The Sound and the Fury, and perhaps the finest novelist of the era, was

A) Thomas Wolfe.
B) Margaret Mitchell.
C) William Faulkner.
D) John Dos Passos.

Question 13

The most formidable of the extremists opposing Roosevelt and leader of the Share Our Wealth movement was

A) Norman Thomas.
B) Father Charles E. Coughlin.
C) Dr. Francis E. Townsend.
D) Huey P. Long.

Question 14

The popular "Radio Priest" whose program criticized Roosevelt and came to resemble fascism was

A) Francis Townsend.
B) Fulton J. Sheen.
C) Billy Sunday.
D) Charles Coughlin.

Question 15

FDR's critic who presented a popular scheme for old-age pensions was

A) Upton Sinclair.
B) Father Charles Coughlin.
C) Huey P. Long.
D) Dr. Francis Townsend.

Question 16

Justice Brandeis urged Roosevelt to

A) adopt a more business-friendly attitude.
B) restore competition and increase corporate taxation.
C) increase enforcement of the National Industrial Recovery Act.
D) appoint Long, Coughlin, and Townsend to Cabinet positions.

Question 17

The New Deal measure that the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional in Schechter v. United States was the ________ Act.

A) National Industrial Recovery
B) Agricultural Adjustment
C) Wealth Tax
D) Tennessee Valley Authority

Question 18

The "Second" New Deal measure giving workers the right to bargain collectively and prohibiting employers from interfering with union organization activities in their factories was the ________ Act.

A) National Industrial Recovery
B) National Labor Relations or Wagner
C) Taft-Hartley
D) Works Progress Administration

Question 19

The presidential election of 1936 is most accurately seen as a

A) reaction against and rejection of FDR's first term.
B) sign of FDR's fading popularity.
C) dramatic example of communism's appeal during the Depression.
D) tremendous vote of confidence for FDR.

Question 20

The chief obstacle to New Deal legislation, which FDR tried to outmaneuver in 1937, was

A) the Supreme Court.
B) former President Herbert Hoover.
C) the National Association of Manufacturers.
D) Senator Huey P. Long.

Question 21

FDR sought to make the Supreme Court more "pro-New Deal" in 1937 by proposing that

A) the number of justices should be increased.
B) Congress should be able to recall judges.
C) the four conservative justices should be forced to retire.
D) the justices should be reconfirmed by the Senate every four years.

Question 22

The result of Roosevelt's "court packing" plan was

A) a serious loss of prestige for Roosevelt but the saving of Second New Deal legislation.
B) a surge in popularity for the president and passage of all of his "must" legislation in 1937.
C) the retirement of all conservative Supreme Court judges and ensuing passage of Second New Deal legislation.
D) the appointment of conservative judges by the Senate as revenge followed by Supreme Court rejection of Second New Deal legislation.

Question 23

When the United Automobile Workers conducted "sit-down strikes" against General Motors, Roosevelt

A) thought them illegal, but refused to intervene.
B) sent in the National Guard to drive the workers out of the plants.
C) pledged his support to the strikers.
D) ordered both sides into binding arbitration.

Question 24

Roosevelt's popularity slumped sharply during the late 1930s, partly because of the

A) failure of the various Neutrality Acts.
B) corruption within the WPA.
C) continued crop failures on the Great Plains.
D) recession of 1937-1938.

Question 25

As the 1938 elections approached, Roosevelt sought to "purge"

A) liberal members of the Democratic party.
B) a number of conservative Democratic senators.
C) Democrats who supported Congressman William Lemke for President in 1936.
D) Cabinet members who leaked classified information to the newspapers.

Question 26

One of the problems with the New Deal was that it

A) increased the size of the federal bureaucracy and made government more difficult to monitor.
B) was guided by FDR's stubborn unwillingness to modify his ultimate objectives.
C) discouraged the growth of unions.
D) was limited by FDR's very strict and narrow interpretation of constitutional limits on presidential power.

Question 27

The "most significant" aspect of the "Roosevelt revolution" was that it

A) caused a proliferation of federal agencies.
B) committed the country to the idea of federal responsibility for the national welfare.
C) demonstrated the need for strong, activist presidents in the modern era.
D) caused the expansion of federal power.

Question 28

In addition to heading an informal network of Washington women in key posts, Eleanor Roosevelt was noted for her special interest in better treatment for

A) children with handicaps.
B) immigrants.
C) blacks.
D) Native Americans.

Question 29

During FDR's first two terms, ________ dramatically shifted their support from the Republicans to the Democrats.

A) small businessmen
B) women
C) Catholics
D) blacks

Question 30

The New Deal's Commissioner of Indian Affairs who tried to implement more pluralistic policies was

A) Harry Hopkins.
B) Hugh S. Johnson.
C) Raymond Moley.
D) John Collier.

Question 31

The New Deal's Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 encouraged

A) terminating the reservation system.
B) a separate Civil Works Administration for the Native American population.
C) returning individually owned lands to tribal control.
D) transferring tribal lands to individual ownership.

Question 32

Franklin Roosevelt is best described as

A) far too inflexible to be an effective leader.
B) cold and awkward in his relations with the public.
C) one of the most effective chief executives in the nation's history.
D) an excellent administrator who created clear lines of authority and responsibility.

Question 33

Roosevelt communicated directly and effectively with the public through

A) a regular newspaper column, "Ask the President."
B) frequent public appearances.
C) press assistants who orchestrated his messages.
D) "fireside chats."

Question 34

During FDR's first term, 1933-1937, the hallmark of American foreign policy was

A) neutrality and isolationism.
B) dollar diplomacy.
C) stopping the spread of fascism.
D) confronting the Soviet Union.

Question 35

The invasion of which African country is demonstrative of the expansionist aims of Italy during the 1930s?

A) Chad
B) Algeria
C) Sudan
D) Ethiopia

Question 36

How did the Neutrality Act of 1935 treat the sale of munitions?

A) It banned their sale to all countries except when the president should proclaim that a state of war existed.
B) It limited their sale to only Great Britain and France, because they had repaid their loans from the Great War.
C) It approved of their sale to those nations "protected" by the Monroe Doctrine.
D) It forbade their sale to all belligerents whenever the president should proclaim that a state of war existed.

Question 37

Democracy and fascism clashed in 1936 when civil war broke out in

A) Italy.
B) Spain.
C) France.
D) Austria.

Question 38

In March 1939 Adolph Hitler broke his promise made at Munich and seized

A) Denmark.
B) France.
C) Austria.
D) Czechoslovakia.

Question 39

In 1939, Britain and France declared war after Germany invaded

A) Czechoslovakia.
B) Austria.
C) Holland.
D) Poland.

Question 40

How did the German attack on Poland affect Americans' thinking?

A) It confirmed their isolationism and made them even more unwilling to support any hints of mobilization for war.
B) Keeping out of the war remained an almost universal hope, but preventing a Nazi victory became their ultimate objective.
C) They rallied to the Allied cause, demanding an immediate declaration of war against Germany.
D) Americans realized war could no longer be avoided, but were unwilling to begin mobilization for war.

Question 41

The federally funded top-secret atomic bomb program established by Roosevelt in 1939 was known as the

A) Einstein Program.
B) Luftwaffe.
C) Manhattan Project.
D) A-Bomb Experiment.

Question 42

In 1940, the Roosevelt administration "traded" 50 World War I destroyers to Great Britain for

A) 240 aircraft.
B) air bases in Canada.
C) twelve battleships.
D) naval bases in the Caribbean.

Question 43

In early 1941, FDR proposed aiding the financially exhausted British under the ________ Act.

A) Burke-Wadsworth
B) Lend-Lease
C) War Resources
D) Neutrality

Question 44

FDR spoke for the hopes of many for a better post-war world when he expressed his goal of

A) "making the world safe for democracy."
B) Four Freedoms.
C) One World.
D) "peace in our time."

Question 45

At the end of November, 1941, the United States was

A) still unwilling to aid England.
B) fighting an undeclared naval war with Japan.
C) virtually unprepared for the possibility of war.
D) fighting an undeclared naval war with Germany.

Question 46

The "bank holiday" declared by Franklin Roosevelt restored public confidence but determined that banks would now be publicly owned institutions.

Question 47

Private power companies generally opposed the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority.

Question 48

One of FDR's major accomplishments was eliminating battles for influence in the government among special interest groups.

Question 49

FDR created the Rural Electrification Administration in order to build federally funded hydroelectric dams in the Midwest.

Question 50

Despite their best efforts, Eleanor Roosevelt and Molly Dewson were unable to increase the number of women employed in important positions in government.

Question 51

FDR's policy toward the 1933 London World Economic Conference indicated that he placed the revival of the American economy ahead of general world recovery.

Question 52

According to "Re-Viewing the Past," Cinderella Man is generally quite accurate, but it ignores the ethnic divisions of the era.

Question 53

Explain the long-term significance of the New Deal. Summarize its impact on factory workers, blacks, women, and Native Americans.

Question 54

Summarize the highlights of American foreign policy from 1933 to the beginning of World War II in Europe. Explain the assumptions and values that guided it.

Question 55

Summarize the response of FDR's administration to the outbreak of World War II in Europe. Compare and contrast the response of the administration with the response of the American public.

Question 56

What is the definition of the following key term:
-Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) :

Question 57

What is the definition of the following key term:
-National Recovery Administration (NRA) :

Question 58

What is the definition of the following key term:
-Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA):

Question 59

What is the definition of the following key term:
-Works Progress Administration (WPA):