Deck 15: Reconstruction and the South

Question 1

President Lincoln's proposed plan for reconstructing the Union

A) permitted states to apply for readmission after 10 percent of the qualified voters took an oath of allegiance.
B) divided the South into zones of military occupation.
C) confiscated land from wealthy white Southerners to provide forty acres and a mule for each former slave.
D) permitted states to apply for readmission after a majority of the qualified voters took an oath of allegiance.

Answer 1

permitted states to apply for readmission after 10 percent of the qualified voters took an oath of allegiance.

Question 2

President Lincoln believed that Reconstruction should

A) be controlled exclusively by Congress.
B) harshly punish the white South for its treason.
C) abolish slavery and divide the plantation lands among the former slaves.
D) avoid vindictiveness toward the South.

Answer 2

avoid vindictiveness toward the South.

Question 3

In 1864, Congress rejected Lincoln's Reconstruction plan when they passed the

A) Kansas Bill.
B) Wade-Davis Bill.
C) Freedmen's Bureau Bill.
D) First Reconstruction Act.

Answer 3

Wade-Davis Bill.

Question 4

The Unionist Democrat placed on the Lincoln ticket to assure victory in 1864 was

A) Ulysses S. Grant.
B) George B. McClellan.
C) Horatio Seymour.
D) Andrew Johnson.

Question 5

Andrew Johnson has been described as

A) extremely friendly toward black rights.
B) an eager defender of traditional southern aristocrats.
C) hating all things southern.
D) specializing in opposition and alienating members of his own party.

Question 6

The Thirteenth Amendment

A) authorized presidential reconstruction.
B) gave blacks the right vote.
C) abolished slavery.
D) authorized the income tax.

Question 7

The "ultra" Radical Republicans

A) wanted to protect freedmen from exploitation, but not give them the vote.
B) ignored black rights.
C) demanded immediate civil and political equality for blacks.
D) accepted the southern states restored under the Johnson Reconstruction plan.

Question 8

President Johnson alienated moderate Republicans when he

A) vetoed the Freedmen's Bureau and Civil Rights bills.
B) refused to support the Fourteenth Amendment.
C) agreed to compromise with Charles Sumner.
D) pardoned Jefferson Davis.

Question 9

In April, 1866, for the first time in American history, a major piece of legislation became law over a presidential veto. It was the

A) Civil Rights Act.
B) Wade-Davis Act.
C) Thirteenth Amendment.
D) Freedman's Bureau Act.

Question 10

In President Johnson's clash with Congress over Reconstruction policy, Johnson's worst enemy was

A) Thaddeus Stevens.
B) Charles Sumner.
C) Benjamin Wade.
D) the president himself.

Question 11

During the bitter days of Reconstruction, most Northerners

A) believed in giving black men the vote.
B) opposed true equality for blacks.
C) completely supported the Radicals.
D) supported black political equality, but not social equality.

Question 12

The ________ Amendment to the Constitution broadly defined American citizenship and "reduced the power of all the states."

A) Thirteenth
B) Fourteenth
C) Fifteenth
D) Sixteenth

Question 13

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution became embroiled in a debate between black rights and the rights of

A) Native Americans.
B) non-English speaking immigrants.
C) white northern women.
D) Irish immigrants.

Question 14

Under the First Reconstruction Act of March, 1867, the former states of the Confederacy (excluding Tennessee) were

A) allowed to elect members to the Senate, but not to the House.
B) required to confiscate large plantations in the former Confederacy and divide the land among the former slaves.
C) readmitted to the Union after each ratified the Thirteenth Amendment.
D) divided into five military districts.

Question 15

Following the passage of the Second Reconstruction Act, white Southerners

A) quickly cooperated with the Radical Republicans.
B) continued to resist federal policy.
C) were able to overturn most black governments.
D) threatened to form secessionist governments in exile.

Question 16

Reconstruction was a period of

A) judicial supremacy.
B) political inaction and indifference.
C) congressional supremacy.
D) executive expansion.

Question 17

The conflict between the president and Congress came to a head when Johnson

A) removed General Ulysses S. Grant from his command.
B) dismissed Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.
C) appointed Salmon P. Chase as secretary of state.
D) vetoed the Civil Rights bill.

Question 18

President Andrew Johnson was

A) impeached by the House and convicted by a two-thirds majority of the Senate.
B) neither impeached by the House nor convicted by the Senate.
C) impeached by the Senate, but not convicted by a two-thirds majority of the House.
D) impeached by the House, but not convicted by a two-thirds majority of the Senate.

Question 19

Which of the following was at issue in the impeachment of Andrew Johnson?

A) the Civil Rights Act
B) the Fourteenth Amendment
C) the Reconstruction Acts
D) the Tenure of Office Act

Question 20

The election of 1868 seemed to indicate that

A) the white electorate was wholeheartedly behind Grant.
B) Horatio Seymour was a very weak candidate.
C) most white Americans opposed Radical Reconstruction.
D) most white Americans supported Radical Reconstruction.

Question 21

The ________ Amendment prohibited states from denying black men the right to vote.

A) Twelfth
B) Thirteenth
C) Fourteenth
D) Fifteenth

Question 22

Studies of "black Republican" governments during Radical Reconstruction reveal that

A) white scalawags and carpetbaggers were really in charge.
B) former slaves dominated southern state governments.
C) free blacks from the North dominated southern state governments.
D) white scalawags and carpetbaggers were merely window dressing for the black politicians who controlled southern governments.

Question 23

During Reconstruction, their opponents called southern white Republicans

A) scalawags.
B) redeemers.
C) Uncle Toms.
D) carpetbaggers.

Question 24

The Freedmen's Bureau and the "black Republican" governments both

A) devoted much energy and money to public education for former slaves.
B) found Andrew Johnson to be among their strongest supporters.
C) overlooked the importance of political rights and power for former slaves.
D) focused only on projects that aided former slaves.

Question 25

Thaddeus Stevens was the most prominent congressional advocate of a plan to give every adult male ex-slave

A) a free education to the sixth grade.
B) 100 dollars.
C) 40 acres and a mule.
D) free transportation to the West.

Question 26

Which of the following most accurately describes southern agriculture after the Civil War?

A) Every adult male ex-slave was given forty acres and a mule.
B) Both output and productivity declined dramatically.
C) "Sharecropping" was outlawed.
D) Tobacco replaced cotton as the most valuable crop.

Question 27

Freedmen responded to the abolition of slavery by

A) more than doubling the cotton output because they worked for themselves.
B) homesteading on vast sections of land confiscated from Confederate leaders.
C) choosing not to work like slaves so as to have more leisure time.
D) forming large collective farms so they did not need to work for whites.

Question 28

As a result of black demands for economic independence and the shortage of capital, the South developed the agricultural system known as

A) sharecropping.
B) gang labor.
C) tenant farming.
D) wage-crop economics.

Question 29

The main cause of southern rural poverty for both whites and blacks was the

A) harsh treatment by Radical Republicans.
B) lack of enough capital to finance the sharecropping system.
C) failure of new varieties of cotton to thrive.
D) ill-advised attempt at rapid industrialization.

Question 30

Under the crop-lien system, both the sharecroppers and the landowners

A) profited from the South's rapid economic progress immediately after the Civil War.
B) depended on credit, often at high interest rates, from local merchants and bankers.
C) had strong incentives to diversify their crops.
D) suffered from shortages of labor and credit due to the South's rapid industrialization after the Civil War.

Question 31

During Reconstruction, the South's share of the national output of manufactured goods

A) increased dramatically.
B) declined sharply.
C) remained steady.
D) came to equal that of the North due to cotton and tobacco production.

Question 32

Southern white Republicans often controlled the black vote by the influence of the

A) Freedmen's Bureau.
B) Free Soil party.
C) Ku Klux Klan.
D) Union League of America.

Question 33

The waning support of Northerners for Radical policy was due in part to

A) the retirement of President Johnson.
B) the activities of the Ku Klux Klan.
C) the increasing fissure between northern and southern whites.
D) their loyalty to the Democratic party.

Question 34

The three Force Acts (1870-1871) were an attempt by Congress to control groups like the

A) carpetbaggers.
B) Union League of America.
C) scalawags.
D) Ku Klux Klan.

Question 35

The average Northerner lost interest in Reconstruction once it became reasonably certain that the former slaves

A) had economic security.
B) were guaranteed the vote.
C) would not be re-enslaved.
D) were guaranteed social equality.

Question 36

Grant's most serious weakness as president was his failure to

A) deal effectively with economic and social problems.
B) carry out the will of Congress in Reconstruction.
C) control government corruption.
D) recognize the importance of the black vote.

Question 37

In 1872 Horace Greeley and the Liberal Republicans focused on the issue of

A) guaranteeing civil rights and economic aid to former slaves.
B) defending laws to help unions and farm organizations.
C) granting women the vote.
D) supporting civil service reform and low tariffs.

Question 38

The apparent winner of the election of 1876, with 203 electoral votes and a quarter of a million more popular votes than his opponent, was

A) James G. Blaine.
B) Samuel J. Tilden.
C) Rutherford B. Hayes.
D) Horace Greeley.

Question 39

In the final count, Tilden received no electoral votes from states in the

A) North.
B) far West.
C) South.
D) East.

Question 40

The disputed electoral votes in the election of 1876 were decided by the

A) House of Representatives.
B) electoral commission created by Congress.
C) Senate.
D) Supreme Court.

Question 41

The president, as a result of the Compromise of 1877, was

A) Rutherford B. Hayes.
B) Ulysses S. Grant.
C) James A. Garfield.
D) Grover Cleveland.

Question 42

As a result of the Compromise of 1877,

A) the principles of the Radical Republicans became part of the fabric of American politics.
B) the power of the president was permanently undermined.
C) the Supreme Court stepped in to protect blacks.
D) Reconstruction ended and a new political order took shape in the South.

Question 43

After the Compromise of 1877, the former slaves

A) gained economic and political power in the South.
B) were condemned to poverty and indignity in the interests of sectional harmony.
C) made no more dramatic political or economic gains until after World War II, but also suffered no economic or political losses.
D) continued to share in America's growing wealth and power.

Question 44

At the end of the Civil War, there was more intersectional hatred than might have been expected.

Question 45

The main reason that Congress opposed Johnson's amnesty proclamation was that the Thirteenth Amendment actually increased representation from the southern states because blacks were no longer counted as three-fifths of a person.

Question 46

President Andrew Johnson was his own worst enemy when he issued wholesale pardons to members of the southern aristocracy.

Question 47

The Fifteenth Amendment made blacks citizens and guaranteed all citizens due process of law.

Question 48

Most black officeholders in Reconstruction governments were illiterate former field hands.

Question 49

Despite important gains in southern manufacturing after the Civil War, its share of the national output of manufacturing declined sharply.

Question 50

By the end of 1875, the three southern states still under Republican control were Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia.

Question 51

The Democrats eagerly accepted the rulings of the electoral commission on the disputed electoral votes in the election of 1876.

Question 52

Describe the major successes and failures of Reconstruction. Evaluate the long-term results of Reconstruction for all Americans.

Question 53

Compare and contrast Presidential and Congressional Reconstruction. In both cases, summarize both proposed measures and those measures actually enacted.

Question 54

Summarize the main features of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. Explain the purpose of each. Analyze how successful each was in achieving its purpose.

Question 55

Describe the economic, social, and political conditions of black and white Southerners during Reconstruction. Summarize the major causes of these conditions.

Question 56

Describe the Compromise of 1877. Explain its major causes and results.

Question 57

What is the definition of the following key term:
-Force Acts :

Question 58

What is the definition of the following key term:
-Ten Percent Plan: