Deck 14: The War to Save the Union

Question 1

Between the election of 1860 and his inauguration, Abraham Lincoln

A) contacted Jefferson Davis several times.
B) worked very closely with President Buchanan.
C) made serious attempts to reassure the South.
D) did not show much leadership.

Answer 1

did not show much leadership.

Question 2

At the start of the Civil War, Lincoln's Secretary of State William Seward

A) thought he could dominate Lincoln.
B) was the most incompetent member of Lincoln's Cabinet.
C) believed Lincoln was far too radical on slavery.
D) argued that the North was better off without the slaveholding South.

Answer 2

thought he could dominate Lincoln.

Question 3

Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee seceded when Lincoln

A) ordered the Union army to invade the South.
B) approved the execution of Confederates as criminals.
C) called for 75,000 volunteers after the fall of Fort Sumter.
D) appointed Charles Sumner to his Cabinet.

Answer 3

called for 75,000 volunteers after the fall of Fort Sumter.

Question 4

President Lincoln viewed secession as

A) a temporary threat which could be ignored.
B) no reason for a civil war.
C) part of the right of self-determination.
D) a rejection of democracy.

Question 5

The Civil War was fought to

A) destroy slavery.
B) please the abolitionists.
C) preserve the Union.
D) profit northern manufacturers.

Question 6

Military action early in the Civil War seemed to indicate that

A) northern generals were superior.
B) southern generals were superior.
C) northern enlisted men were superior.
D) southern enlisted men were superior.

Question 7

In establishing a new government, the South

A) totally rejected all existing federal laws.
B) was handicapped by its states' rights philosophy.
C) ignored federal precedents and administrative machinery.
D) benefited from its states' rights philosophy.

Question 8

According to the graph "Men Present for Service During the Civil War," which of the following statements is true?

A) From 1862 to 1864 the South had twice as many soldiers as the North.
B) In 1865 the North had twice as many soldiers as the South.
C) Between 1862 and 1864 the North and South had approximately the same number of soldiers.
D) At all times during the war the North had at least twice as many soldiers as the South.

Question 9

The first and only president of the Confederacy was

A) Robert E. Lee.
B) Alexander Hamilton Stephens.
C) Jefferson Davis.
D) Howell Cobb.

Question 10

Comparing them as presidents, the basic difference between Lincoln and Davis was that

A) Lincoln could not stand criticism.
B) Davis allowed personal feelings to distort his judgment.
C) Lincoln failed to delegate authority.
D) Davis was patient with people who talked too much or did not understand him.

Question 11

The first major battle of the Civil War on July 21, 1861 was a disaster for the Union. It was the Battle of

A) Antietam.
B) Shiloh.
C) Bull Run.
D) Sharpsburg.

Question 12

After the Union was defeated at Bull Run, Lincoln chose ________ to command the Union forces.

A) Winfield Scott
B) Ulysses S. Grant
C) George B. McClellan
D) Winfield Scott Hancock

Question 13

Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, and Benjamin Wade were leaders of the

A) Radical Republicans.
B) Copperheads.
C) Lincoln Republicans.
D) Peace Democrats.

Question 14

Clement L. Vallandigham believed there were two rebellions in progress, "the Secessionist Rebellion," and "the Abolitionist Rebellion." Vallandigham was a

A) War Democrat.
B) Peace Democrat.
C) Copperhead.
D) Radical Republican.

Question 15

Members of the peace societies in the North were often called

A) Tories.
B) Copperheads.
C) Water Moccasins.
D) Rattlesnakes.

Question 16

The most notorious Peace Democrat was Ohio Congressman

A) Benjamin Wade.
B) Lambdin Milligan.
C) John Slidell.
D) Clement L. Vallandigham.

Question 17

After the Battle of Bull Run, President Jefferson Davis revised his military strategy to rely primarily upon

A) building a strong defense to wear down the Union's will to fight.
B) planning a series of bold invasions of the North.
C) breaking the Union's naval blockade with the assistance of Great Britain.
D) using slaves as support troops.

Question 18

The most vexing problem the Confederacy had during the Civil War was

A) food production.
B) ammunition.
C) manpower.
D) finance.

Question 19

An examination of the Confederate war effort reveals that

A) there was a serious lack of arms and ammunition.
B) northern military might was overwhelming.
C) southern armies did not lose any battles because of a lack of armaments.
D) southern armies were well supplied with shoes and uniforms.

Question 20

The idea that "cotton is king" played a major role in the way

A) the South conducted foreign affairs.
B) Lincoln viewed slavery.
C) Davis was chosen president of the Confederacy.
D) Lincoln viewed foreign policy.

Question 21

What role did Great Britain play in the Civil War?

A) Strong public support in England for the North made no difference in British policies.
B) Davis threatened to declare war if England delivered two ironclad rams built for the Union.
C) England needed northern wheat more than southern cotton.
D) Great Britain strongly supported the Union in every way possible throughout the war.

Question 22

On what did the South mainly rely to finance the war?

A) money from cotton exports
B) money in reserves
C) tariffs
D) the printing of paper currency

Question 23

The map "Battles in the West," depicts how control of the ________ was the focus of most of the battles in the West.

A) port of New Orleans
B) Mississippi River
C) Ohio River
D) Missouri River

Question 24

The early confidence of both sides was rocked by the staggering casualties sustained in 1862 at

A) Bull Run.
B) Seven Pines.
C) Shiloh.
D) Vicksburg.

Question 25

The basic intellectual and psychological weaknesses of General George McClellan were clearly displayed during

A) the Wilderness campaign.
B) the Vicksburg campaign.
C) Gettysburg.
D) the Peninsular campaign.

Question 26

Even though he did not defeat Lee, McClellan managed at least to stop his 1862 invasion of the North at

A) Manassas.
B) Antietam.
C) Gettysburg.
D) Shiloh.

Question 27

The Emancipation Proclamation directly freed

A) only slaves in the border states controlled by the Union.
B) no slaves.
C) only slaves in areas of the South controlled by the Union army.
D) all slaves in the South.

Question 28

Lincoln justified the Emancipation Proclamation as

A) the first step in realizing the goals of the Declaration of Independence.
B) a noble goal that would stimulate northern morale.
C) carrying out God's will.
D) a military necessity because it would weaken the enemy.

Question 29

As a result of the Emancipation Proclamation,

A) Democrats made significant political gains in the Northwest by capitalizing on voters' racist fears.
B) Republican politicians vigorously defended the cause of racial justice and black equality.
C) the Republican party refused to renominate Lincoln in 1864.
D) Democrats vigorously defended the cause of racial justice and black equality.

Question 30

Most Republican politicians defended emancipation on the grounds that

A) blacks deserved it.
B) northern blacks would all move to the South.
C) the war's purpose was to end slavery.
D) blacks could then be better assimilated.

Question 31

The New York City draft riots in July 1863 were triggered by the Conscription Act of 1863 and

A) racial backlash against the Emancipation Proclamation.
B) anger over war profiteering by unscrupulous businesses.
C) frustration with rampant inflation and stagnant wages.
D) anger at New York Democrats who did not support Lincoln's policies.

Question 32

How did blacks react to the Emancipation Proclamation?

A) They were suspicious about Lincoln's motives.
B) They saw it as a beacon promising future improvement.
C) There was no universal black reaction.
D) They were largely indifferent to it because it had no immediate impact.

Question 33

During the Civil War, black soldiers were

A) fully integrated into the Union army.
B) less than one percent of the Union forces by the war's end.
C) fully integrated into the Confederate army.
D) more than ten percent of the Union forces by the war's end.

Question 34

In summer 1863, Lee launched his last assault into the North and was defeated in the Battle of ________, which probably decided the fate of the Union.

A) Shiloh
B) Gettysburg
C) Fredericksburg
D) Antietam

Question 35

The Mississippi River was controlled by the Union after the fall of

A) New Orleans.
B) Mobile.
C) Vicksburg.
D) Louisville.

Question 36

Grant's victory at ________ led to Lincoln's giving him command of all troops west of the Appalachians.

A) Gettysburg
B) Shiloh
C) Antietam
D) Vicksburg

Question 37

After the South seceded, Congress passed several measures previously blocked by southern opposition, including the ________ Act.

A) Homestead
B) Preemption
C) Emancipation
D) Habeus Corpus

Question 38

The Civil War caused the northern economy to experience

A) soaring prices after 1862.
B) high levels of unemployment.
C) dramatic increases in immigration.
D) relatively few strikes.

Question 39

How did the Civil War affect the American economy?

A) By speeding economic change, it helped prepare the way for modern industrial society.
B) The enormous number of casualties created severe labor shortages and stifled economic growth.
C) The fearful national crisis discouraged selfishness and materialism.
D) The wasteful destruction of material resources by the war retarded economic growth.

Question 40

How did the Civil War affect women and their "proper spheres"?

A) Only northern women expanded their "proper spheres" by working as army nurses and replacing male workers.
B) Both northern and southern women expanded their "proper spheres" by serving in their respective armies in non-combat roles.
C) Both northern and southern women expanded their "proper spheres" by working as army nurses and replacing male workers.
D) Only southern women expanded their "proper spheres" by working as army nurses and replacing male workers.

Question 41

The former Democrat placed on the Lincoln ticket to assure victory in 1864 was

A) Joseph E. Johnston.
B) George B. McClellan.
C) Stephen A. Douglas.
D) Andrew Johnson.

Question 42

The Union general noted for believing in and carrying out the doctrine of total war was

A) Robert E. Lee.
B) George B. McClellan.
C) Lew Wallace.
D) William T. Sherman.

Question 43

Sherman's march through Georgia and the fall of Atlanta on September 2, 1864, contributed greatly to

A) Grant's victory in the Wilderness.
B) the resignation of Jefferson Davis.
C) the Emancipation Proclamation.
D) Lincoln's election in November.

Question 44

In his second inaugural address, Lincoln

A) urged tolerance and mercy toward the South.
B) made no efforts to calm southern fears about his administration.
C) reiterated the themes and goals of his first inaugural address.
D) claimed he would not interfere with slavery in the states where it already existed.

Question 45

On April 9, 1865, Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to Ulysses S. Grant at

A) Lynchburg.
B) Gettysburg.
C) Richmond.
D) Appomattox Court House.

Question 46

At war's end, the human toll of the Civil War was

A) 600,000, nearly as many as in all other U.S. wars combined.
B) 1 million, more than in all other U.S. wars.
C) 50,000, about 28 percent of the population.
D) 300,000, most of which succumbed to new armament technology.

Question 47

As a result of the Union victory, people tended to view America as

A) evidence that democracy would fail.
B) a nation, not just a union of states.
C) vulnerable to further secession movements.
D) a beacon of freedom for people of color everywhere.

Question 48

In the Civil War, the North possessed tremendous advantages over the South in size of population and economic capacity.

Question 49

The North funded most of the cost of the Civil War by increased income taxes.

Question 50

The provision of the Confederate conscription act that exempted the owners of 20 or more slaves was popular with most southern whites.

Question 51

Robert E. Lee displayed an almost instinctive mastery of tactics.

Question 52

Although Hooker's forces greatly outnumbered the Confederates, he was soundly defeated at Chancellorsville.

Question 53

Shortages of key items and an excess of paper money caused a severe deflation of the Confederate currency.

Question 54

The first woman physician in America, Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, helped to establish the United States Sanitary Commission.

Question 55

In the Battle of the Wilderness, Grant demonstrated that he understood that the war could only be won by grinding the South down under the weight of the North's superior population and resources.

Question 56

Approximately one million soldiers died in the Civil War.

Question 57

Evaluate Lincoln's major strengths and weaknesses as a wartime leader. Summarize the major crises and decisions he faced.

Question 58

Describe the major battles of the Civil War from Fort Sumter to Gettysburg. Explain the factors that account for the course of the war to this point.

Question 59

Compare and contrast the economic, political, and social experiences of the Union and the Confederacy on the home front. Explain the similarities and differences.

Question 60

Summarize the effects of the Civil War on the lives of black people. Describe the roles that northern and southern blacks played during the war.

Question 61

Describe the major battles of the Civil War from Gettysburg to Appomattox Court House. Explain the factors that account for the course of the last part of the war.