Deck 6: Active Reading Strategies

Question 1

The primary purpose of previewing is to

A) discover how you feel about the material.
B) memorize important facts and details.
C) identify the most important ideas in the material.
D) evaluate the author's qualifications.

Answer 1

identify the most important ideas in the material.

Question 2

During previewing, it is most important to

A) record your impression of the material.
B) create a detailed outline of the material.
C) skip over graphical aids.
D) read each major heading.

Answer 2

read each major heading.

Question 3

The first step in previewing a textbook chapter is to

A) read the chapter summary.
B) note typographical and graphical aids.
C) read the title and subtitle.
D) study the vocabulary list.

Answer 3

read the title and subtitle.

Question 4

The most effective guide question for an art history textbook chapter titled "TheEnd of the Renaissance" is:

A) When did the Renaissance take place?
B) Who were the major artists of the Renaissance?
C) Where did the Renaissance take place?
D) What factors led to the end of the Renaissance?

Question 5

One way you can assess your comprehension of material is to look for a positive signal such as:

A) Everything in the material seems important.
B) You often slow down or reread.
C) You can paraphrase the author's ideas.
D) The vocabulary seems unfamiliar.

Question 6

The primary purpose of checkpoints is to

A) provide a preview of the text.
B) generate guide questions.
C) let you assess your learning before continuing.
D) create a mental outline of the text.

Question 7

One approach that will not help you improve your comprehension is

A) reading aloud difficult sentences.
B) reading more quickly.
C) rereading complicated sections.
D) writing notes in the margins.

Question 8

The most appropriate chart for showing the process of applying for a patent is

A) a flowchart.
B) an organizational chart.
C) a pictogram.
D) a pie chart.

Question 9

The first step in the SQ3R system involves

A) previewing.
B) summarizing.
C) paraphrasing.
D) self-testing.

Question 10

Darien wants to develop a specialized study-reading approach for each of his subjects. Of the following courses, he would be most likely to add Interpret and React steps to

A) business math.
B) contemporary fiction.
C) introduction to physics.
D) astronomy.

Question 11

The overall purposes of previewing are to identify the most important ideas in the material and to

A) form an opinion about the material.
B) note the organization of the material.
C) evaluate the author's writing style.
D) verify specific facts and details in the material.

Question 12

The first sentence under each heading in a chapter often provides the author's

A) point of view.
B) credentials.
C) references.
D) central thought.

Question 13

Previewing is best used with

A) novels.
B) short stories.
C) poems.
D) factual material.

Question 14

Before reading the social responsibility chapter in her business textbook, Amy free-associated about the topic, which means that she

A) researched the topic in other textbooks.
B) asked herself what she hoped to learn about the topic.
C) interviewed experts in the field of social responsibility.
D) wrote down everything she already knew about social responsibility.

Question 15

The most effective guide questions are those that

A) begin with Who, When, or Where.
B) can be answered through superficial reading.
C) require in-depth thought and detailed answers.
D) lead to factual, one-word answers.

Question 16

An example of internal dialogue is

A) rewriting an assignment after getting feedback from the instructor.
B)mentally outlining the steps to solving a math problem.
C) rereading a chapter to make sure your notes were accurate.
D) meeting with a study group to review for an exam.

Question 17

The purpose of a table is to

A) depict relationships between quantities or amounts.
B) present large amounts of information in a condensed form.
C) show changes that occur with passing time.
D) display the relative size or importance of various parts of a whole.

Question 18

The most appropriate graphic for showing the levels of a corporation, from the chief executive officer down, is

A) a pie chart.
B) an organizational chart.
C) a flowchart.
D) a pictogram.

Question 19

During the recite step of SQ3R, you should be

A) forming questions that you can answer as you read.
B) answering end-of-chapter questions.
C) checking your recall for each section.
D) reading each boldfaced heading aloud.

Question 20

One popular modification of the SQ3R system is the addition of a fourth "R,"which recognizes the importance of

A) evaluating.
B) reacting.
C) rereading.
D) writing.

Question 21

Read the following passage and then answer bellow questions
Although precise statistics are hard to come by, experts guess that about one out of
every five smokers doesn't smoke every day. If you're one of these so-called "social smokers," you probably believe that your behavior is unlikely to cause any harm. Are
you right? Here's what the research says about social smoking.
Social smokers smoke more than they think. Although gathering precise data is challenging, researchers find that most self-described social smokers actually smoke a few cigarettes per day. One nicotine addiction specialist notes that people who smoke just one or two cigarettes a week-true social smokers-are very rare indeed.
Social smoking leads to addiction. Tobacco researchers point out that the majority of social smokers are on the road to addiction. Initially they may only bum a cigarette
from friends occasionally, but soon they find themselves bumming cigarettes more often. It's only a matter of time before they find themselves buying a pack a week, then
two or three packs a week. Although they believe that they can quit whenever they want, on average, social smokers end up addicted, and smoking for years. One-third of people who have ever tried smoking become daily smokers.
Social smoking increases risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at all levels of smoking. Moreover, smoking begins to exert this effect-causing fatal heart attacks and strokes-as early as age 35. The risk is especially acute for women who also use a hormonal method of birth control
(pills, patch, etc.). One mechanism by which smoking, even at low levels, promotes heart disease is by causing inflammation and dysfunction of the lining of blood vessels.
In one study, young, healthy people who smoked less than one pack per week were found to have a 35% reduction in blood vessel functioning compared with nonsmokers.
Social smoking increases cancer risk. Tobacco smoke itself is a carcinogen, as are at least 69 of its component chemicals. Because inherited genetic variations influence cancer rates, as do other determinants such as diet, stress, etc., the influence of
social smoking on cancer promotion is difficult to determine. However, any level of 5 smoking increases the frequency of DNA mutations known to be associated with
cancer. And the risk of cancer is more closely tied to the number of years you've smoked-at any level-than to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. As one expert put it, you wouldn't go out to your car four times a week and inhale exhaust fumes. But that's the health equivalent of smoking cigarettes four times a week.
The bottom line? There is no safe level of exposure to cigarette smoke. If you smoke at all, you are at increased risk of nicotine addiction, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other illnesses. Get help, and quit.

-The best title for this selection is

A) Social Smokers.
B) Cancer Risks.
C) Tobacco Research.
D) Cardiovascular Disease.

Question 22

Read the following passage and then answer bellow questions
Although precise statistics are hard to come by, experts guess that about one out of
every five smokers doesn't smoke every day. If you're one of these so-called "social smokers," you probably believe that your behavior is unlikely to cause any harm. Are
you right? Here's what the research says about social smoking.
Social smokers smoke more than they think. Although gathering precise data is challenging, researchers find that most self-described social smokers actually smoke a few cigarettes per day. One nicotine addiction specialist notes that people who smoke just one or two cigarettes a week-true social smokers-are very rare indeed.
Social smoking leads to addiction. Tobacco researchers point out that the majority of social smokers are on the road to addiction. Initially they may only bum a cigarette
from friends occasionally, but soon they find themselves bumming cigarettes more often. It's only a matter of time before they find themselves buying a pack a week, then
two or three packs a week. Although they believe that they can quit whenever they want, on average, social smokers end up addicted, and smoking for years. One-third of people who have ever tried smoking become daily smokers.
Social smoking increases risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at all levels of smoking. Moreover, smoking begins to exert this effect-causing fatal heart attacks and strokes-as early as age 35. The risk is especially acute for women who also use a hormonal method of birth control
(pills, patch, etc.). One mechanism by which smoking, even at low levels, promotes heart disease is by causing inflammation and dysfunction of the lining of blood vessels.
In one study, young, healthy people who smoked less than one pack per week were found to have a 35% reduction in blood vessel functioning compared with nonsmokers.
Social smoking increases cancer risk. Tobacco smoke itself is a carcinogen, as are at least 69 of its component chemicals. Because inherited genetic variations influence cancer rates, as do other determinants such as diet, stress, etc., the influence of
social smoking on cancer promotion is difficult to determine. However, any level of 5 smoking increases the frequency of DNA mutations known to be associated with
cancer. And the risk of cancer is more closely tied to the number of years you've smoked-at any level-than to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. As one expert put it, you wouldn't go out to your car four times a week and inhale exhaust fumes. But that's the health equivalent of smoking cigarettes four times a week.
The bottom line? There is no safe level of exposure to cigarette smoke. If you smoke at all, you are at increased risk of nicotine addiction, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other illnesses. Get help, and quit.

-Based on previewing, you can predict that the selection will discuss

A) how to quit smoking.
B) how smokeless tobacco affects health.
C) what research reveals about social smoking.
D) what causes people to become addicted to drugs.

Question 23

Read the following passage and then answer bellow questions
Although precise statistics are hard to come by, experts guess that about one out of
every five smokers doesn't smoke every day. If you're one of these so-called "social smokers," you probably believe that your behavior is unlikely to cause any harm. Are
you right? Here's what the research says about social smoking.
Social smokers smoke more than they think. Although gathering precise data is challenging, researchers find that most self-described social smokers actually smoke a few cigarettes per day. One nicotine addiction specialist notes that people who smoke just one or two cigarettes a week-true social smokers-are very rare indeed.
Social smoking leads to addiction. Tobacco researchers point out that the majority of social smokers are on the road to addiction. Initially they may only bum a cigarette
from friends occasionally, but soon they find themselves bumming cigarettes more often. It's only a matter of time before they find themselves buying a pack a week, then
two or three packs a week. Although they believe that they can quit whenever they want, on average, social smokers end up addicted, and smoking for years. One-third of people who have ever tried smoking become daily smokers.
Social smoking increases risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at all levels of smoking. Moreover, smoking begins to exert this effect-causing fatal heart attacks and strokes-as early as age 35. The risk is especially acute for women who also use a hormonal method of birth control
(pills, patch, etc.). One mechanism by which smoking, even at low levels, promotes heart disease is by causing inflammation and dysfunction of the lining of blood vessels.
In one study, young, healthy people who smoked less than one pack per week were found to have a 35% reduction in blood vessel functioning compared with nonsmokers.
Social smoking increases cancer risk. Tobacco smoke itself is a carcinogen, as are at least 69 of its component chemicals. Because inherited genetic variations influence cancer rates, as do other determinants such as diet, stress, etc., the influence of
social smoking on cancer promotion is difficult to determine. However, any level of 5 smoking increases the frequency of DNA mutations known to be associated with
cancer. And the risk of cancer is more closely tied to the number of years you've smoked-at any level-than to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. As one expert put it, you wouldn't go out to your car four times a week and inhale exhaust fumes. But that's the health equivalent of smoking cigarettes four times a week.
The bottom line? There is no safe level of exposure to cigarette smoke. If you smoke at all, you are at increased risk of nicotine addiction, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other illnesses. Get help, and quit.

-If you decided to free-associate about social smoking, you would

A) create a mental outline of the selection.
B) write down everything that you can think of about the topic.
C) conduct research on the topic in other sources.
D) rephrase each section of the selection in your own words.

Question 24

Read the following passage and then answer bellow questions
Although precise statistics are hard to come by, experts guess that about one out of
every five smokers doesn't smoke every day. If you're one of these so-called "social smokers," you probably believe that your behavior is unlikely to cause any harm. Are
you right? Here's what the research says about social smoking.
Social smokers smoke more than they think. Although gathering precise data is challenging, researchers find that most self-described social smokers actually smoke a few cigarettes per day. One nicotine addiction specialist notes that people who smoke just one or two cigarettes a week-true social smokers-are very rare indeed.
Social smoking leads to addiction. Tobacco researchers point out that the majority of social smokers are on the road to addiction. Initially they may only bum a cigarette
from friends occasionally, but soon they find themselves bumming cigarettes more often. It's only a matter of time before they find themselves buying a pack a week, then
two or three packs a week. Although they believe that they can quit whenever they want, on average, social smokers end up addicted, and smoking for years. One-third of people who have ever tried smoking become daily smokers.
Social smoking increases risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at all levels of smoking. Moreover, smoking begins to exert this effect-causing fatal heart attacks and strokes-as early as age 35. The risk is especially acute for women who also use a hormonal method of birth control
(pills, patch, etc.). One mechanism by which smoking, even at low levels, promotes heart disease is by causing inflammation and dysfunction of the lining of blood vessels.
In one study, young, healthy people who smoked less than one pack per week were found to have a 35% reduction in blood vessel functioning compared with nonsmokers.
Social smoking increases cancer risk. Tobacco smoke itself is a carcinogen, as are at least 69 of its component chemicals. Because inherited genetic variations influence cancer rates, as do other determinants such as diet, stress, etc., the influence of
social smoking on cancer promotion is difficult to determine. However, any level of 5 smoking increases the frequency of DNA mutations known to be associated with
cancer. And the risk of cancer is more closely tied to the number of years you've smoked-at any level-than to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. As one expert put it, you wouldn't go out to your car four times a week and inhale exhaust fumes. But that's the health equivalent of smoking cigarettes four times a week.
The bottom line? There is no safe level of exposure to cigarette smoke. If you smoke at all, you are at increased risk of nicotine addiction, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other illnesses. Get help, and quit.

-The best guide question for paragraph 2 is:

A) Do social smokers smoke more than they think?
B) How often do most self-described social smokers actually smoke?
C) Do social smokers actually smoke a few cigarettes per day?
D) Are true social smokers rare?

Question 25

Read the following passage and then answer bellow questions
Although precise statistics are hard to come by, experts guess that about one out of
every five smokers doesn't smoke every day. If you're one of these so-called "social smokers," you probably believe that your behavior is unlikely to cause any harm. Are
you right? Here's what the research says about social smoking.
Social smokers smoke more than they think. Although gathering precise data is challenging, researchers find that most self-described social smokers actually smoke a few cigarettes per day. One nicotine addiction specialist notes that people who smoke just one or two cigarettes a week-true social smokers-are very rare indeed.
Social smoking leads to addiction. Tobacco researchers point out that the majority of social smokers are on the road to addiction. Initially they may only bum a cigarette
from friends occasionally, but soon they find themselves bumming cigarettes more often. It's only a matter of time before they find themselves buying a pack a week, then
two or three packs a week. Although they believe that they can quit whenever they want, on average, social smokers end up addicted, and smoking for years. One-third of people who have ever tried smoking become daily smokers.
Social smoking increases risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at all levels of smoking. Moreover, smoking begins to exert this effect-causing fatal heart attacks and strokes-as early as age 35. The risk is especially acute for women who also use a hormonal method of birth control
(pills, patch, etc.). One mechanism by which smoking, even at low levels, promotes heart disease is by causing inflammation and dysfunction of the lining of blood vessels.
In one study, young, healthy people who smoked less than one pack per week were found to have a 35% reduction in blood vessel functioning compared with nonsmokers.
Social smoking increases cancer risk. Tobacco smoke itself is a carcinogen, as are at least 69 of its component chemicals. Because inherited genetic variations influence cancer rates, as do other determinants such as diet, stress, etc., the influence of
social smoking on cancer promotion is difficult to determine. However, any level of 5 smoking increases the frequency of DNA mutations known to be associated with
cancer. And the risk of cancer is more closely tied to the number of years you've smoked-at any level-than to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. As one expert put it, you wouldn't go out to your car four times a week and inhale exhaust fumes. But that's the health equivalent of smoking cigarettes four times a week.
The bottom line? There is no safe level of exposure to cigarette smoke. If you smoke at all, you are at increased risk of nicotine addiction, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other illnesses. Get help, and quit.

-The best guide question for paragraph 3 is:

A) Does social smoking lead to addiction?
B) Do all people who try smoking become daily smokers?
C) How does social smoking lead to addiction?
D) Are social smokers likely to become addicted to smoking?

Question 26

Read the following passage and then answer bellow questions
Although precise statistics are hard to come by, experts guess that about one out of
every five smokers doesn't smoke every day. If you're one of these so-called "social smokers," you probably believe that your behavior is unlikely to cause any harm. Are
you right? Here's what the research says about social smoking.
Social smokers smoke more than they think. Although gathering precise data is challenging, researchers find that most self-described social smokers actually smoke a few cigarettes per day. One nicotine addiction specialist notes that people who smoke just one or two cigarettes a week-true social smokers-are very rare indeed.
Social smoking leads to addiction. Tobacco researchers point out that the majority of social smokers are on the road to addiction. Initially they may only bum a cigarette
from friends occasionally, but soon they find themselves bumming cigarettes more often. It's only a matter of time before they find themselves buying a pack a week, then
two or three packs a week. Although they believe that they can quit whenever they want, on average, social smokers end up addicted, and smoking for years. One-third of people who have ever tried smoking become daily smokers.
Social smoking increases risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at all levels of smoking. Moreover, smoking begins to exert this effect-causing fatal heart attacks and strokes-as early as age 35. The risk is especially acute for women who also use a hormonal method of birth control
(pills, patch, etc.). One mechanism by which smoking, even at low levels, promotes heart disease is by causing inflammation and dysfunction of the lining of blood vessels.
In one study, young, healthy people who smoked less than one pack per week were found to have a 35% reduction in blood vessel functioning compared with nonsmokers.
Social smoking increases cancer risk. Tobacco smoke itself is a carcinogen, as are at least 69 of its component chemicals. Because inherited genetic variations influence cancer rates, as do other determinants such as diet, stress, etc., the influence of
social smoking on cancer promotion is difficult to determine. However, any level of 5 smoking increases the frequency of DNA mutations known to be associated with
cancer. And the risk of cancer is more closely tied to the number of years you've smoked-at any level-than to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. As one expert put it, you wouldn't go out to your car four times a week and inhale exhaust fumes. But that's the health equivalent of smoking cigarettes four times a week.
The bottom line? There is no safe level of exposure to cigarette smoke. If you smoke at all, you are at increased risk of nicotine addiction, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other illnesses. Get help, and quit.

-The best guide question for paragraph 4 is:

A) How does social smoking increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
B) Is the risk of cardiovascular disease increased by social smoking?
C) Do social smokers and regular smokers have the same risk for cardiovascular disease?
D) Who is at risk for cardiovascular disease?

Question 27

Read the following passage and then answer bellow questions
Although precise statistics are hard to come by, experts guess that about one out of
every five smokers doesn't smoke every day. If you're one of these so-called "social smokers," you probably believe that your behavior is unlikely to cause any harm. Are
you right? Here's what the research says about social smoking.
Social smokers smoke more than they think. Although gathering precise data is challenging, researchers find that most self-described social smokers actually smoke a few cigarettes per day. One nicotine addiction specialist notes that people who smoke just one or two cigarettes a week-true social smokers-are very rare indeed.
Social smoking leads to addiction. Tobacco researchers point out that the majority of social smokers are on the road to addiction. Initially they may only bum a cigarette
from friends occasionally, but soon they find themselves bumming cigarettes more often. It's only a matter of time before they find themselves buying a pack a week, then
two or three packs a week. Although they believe that they can quit whenever they want, on average, social smokers end up addicted, and smoking for years. One-third of people who have ever tried smoking become daily smokers.
Social smoking increases risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at all levels of smoking. Moreover, smoking begins to exert this effect-causing fatal heart attacks and strokes-as early as age 35. The risk is especially acute for women who also use a hormonal method of birth control
(pills, patch, etc.). One mechanism by which smoking, even at low levels, promotes heart disease is by causing inflammation and dysfunction of the lining of blood vessels.
In one study, young, healthy people who smoked less than one pack per week were found to have a 35% reduction in blood vessel functioning compared with nonsmokers.
Social smoking increases cancer risk. Tobacco smoke itself is a carcinogen, as are at least 69 of its component chemicals. Because inherited genetic variations influence cancer rates, as do other determinants such as diet, stress, etc., the influence of
social smoking on cancer promotion is difficult to determine. However, any level of 5 smoking increases the frequency of DNA mutations known to be associated with
cancer. And the risk of cancer is more closely tied to the number of years you've smoked-at any level-than to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. As one expert put it, you wouldn't go out to your car four times a week and inhale exhaust fumes. But that's the health equivalent of smoking cigarettes four times a week.
The bottom line? There is no safe level of exposure to cigarette smoke. If you smoke at all, you are at increased risk of nicotine addiction, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other illnesses. Get help, and quit.

-The best guide question for paragraph 5 is:

A) Does social smoking increase the risk of cancer?
B) How does social smoking increase the risk of cancer?
C) Is tobacco use associated with cancer?
D) What frequency of smoking increases the risk of cancer?

Question 28

Read the following passage and then answer bellow questions
Although precise statistics are hard to come by, experts guess that about one out of
every five smokers doesn't smoke every day. If you're one of these so-called "social smokers," you probably believe that your behavior is unlikely to cause any harm. Are
you right? Here's what the research says about social smoking.
Social smokers smoke more than they think. Although gathering precise data is challenging, researchers find that most self-described social smokers actually smoke a few cigarettes per day. One nicotine addiction specialist notes that people who smoke just one or two cigarettes a week-true social smokers-are very rare indeed.
Social smoking leads to addiction. Tobacco researchers point out that the majority of social smokers are on the road to addiction. Initially they may only bum a cigarette
from friends occasionally, but soon they find themselves bumming cigarettes more often. It's only a matter of time before they find themselves buying a pack a week, then
two or three packs a week. Although they believe that they can quit whenever they want, on average, social smokers end up addicted, and smoking for years. One-third of people who have ever tried smoking become daily smokers.
Social smoking increases risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at all levels of smoking. Moreover, smoking begins to exert this effect-causing fatal heart attacks and strokes-as early as age 35. The risk is especially acute for women who also use a hormonal method of birth control
(pills, patch, etc.). One mechanism by which smoking, even at low levels, promotes heart disease is by causing inflammation and dysfunction of the lining of blood vessels.
In one study, young, healthy people who smoked less than one pack per week were found to have a 35% reduction in blood vessel functioning compared with nonsmokers.
Social smoking increases cancer risk. Tobacco smoke itself is a carcinogen, as are at least 69 of its component chemicals. Because inherited genetic variations influence cancer rates, as do other determinants such as diet, stress, etc., the influence of
social smoking on cancer promotion is difficult to determine. However, any level of 5 smoking increases the frequency of DNA mutations known to be associated with
cancer. And the risk of cancer is more closely tied to the number of years you've smoked-at any level-than to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. As one expert put it, you wouldn't go out to your car four times a week and inhale exhaust fumes. But that's the health equivalent of smoking cigarettes four times a week.
The bottom line? There is no safe level of exposure to cigarette smoke. If you smoke at all, you are at increased risk of nicotine addiction, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other illnesses. Get help, and quit.

-The purpose of the graphic is to show

A) how often college students smoke on campus.
B) how many college students have tried smoking.
C) how college students overestimate the number of regular smokers on campus.
D) which campuses have the fewest smokers and which have the most smokers.

Question 29

Read the following passage and then answer bellow questions
Although precise statistics are hard to come by, experts guess that about one out of
every five smokers doesn't smoke every day. If you're one of these so-called "social smokers," you probably believe that your behavior is unlikely to cause any harm. Are
you right? Here's what the research says about social smoking.
Social smokers smoke more than they think. Although gathering precise data is challenging, researchers find that most self-described social smokers actually smoke a few cigarettes per day. One nicotine addiction specialist notes that people who smoke just one or two cigarettes a week-true social smokers-are very rare indeed.
Social smoking leads to addiction. Tobacco researchers point out that the majority of social smokers are on the road to addiction. Initially they may only bum a cigarette
from friends occasionally, but soon they find themselves bumming cigarettes more often. It's only a matter of time before they find themselves buying a pack a week, then
two or three packs a week. Although they believe that they can quit whenever they want, on average, social smokers end up addicted, and smoking for years. One-third of people who have ever tried smoking become daily smokers.
Social smoking increases risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at all levels of smoking. Moreover, smoking begins to exert this effect-causing fatal heart attacks and strokes-as early as age 35. The risk is especially acute for women who also use a hormonal method of birth control
(pills, patch, etc.). One mechanism by which smoking, even at low levels, promotes heart disease is by causing inflammation and dysfunction of the lining of blood vessels.
In one study, young, healthy people who smoked less than one pack per week were found to have a 35% reduction in blood vessel functioning compared with nonsmokers.
Social smoking increases cancer risk. Tobacco smoke itself is a carcinogen, as are at least 69 of its component chemicals. Because inherited genetic variations influence cancer rates, as do other determinants such as diet, stress, etc., the influence of
social smoking on cancer promotion is difficult to determine. However, any level of 5 smoking increases the frequency of DNA mutations known to be associated with
cancer. And the risk of cancer is more closely tied to the number of years you've smoked-at any level-than to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. As one expert put it, you wouldn't go out to your car four times a week and inhale exhaust fumes. But that's the health equivalent of smoking cigarettes four times a week.
The bottom line? There is no safe level of exposure to cigarette smoke. If you smoke at all, you are at increased risk of nicotine addiction, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other illnesses. Get help, and quit.

-The graphic indicates that the percentage of students who actually smoked in the last 30 days is

A) 94.4%.
B) 80%.
C) 50%.
D) 14.4%.

Question 30

Read the following passage and then answer bellow questions
Although precise statistics are hard to come by, experts guess that about one out of
every five smokers doesn't smoke every day. If you're one of these so-called "social smokers," you probably believe that your behavior is unlikely to cause any harm. Are
you right? Here's what the research says about social smoking.
Social smokers smoke more than they think. Although gathering precise data is challenging, researchers find that most self-described social smokers actually smoke a few cigarettes per day. One nicotine addiction specialist notes that people who smoke just one or two cigarettes a week-true social smokers-are very rare indeed.
Social smoking leads to addiction. Tobacco researchers point out that the majority of social smokers are on the road to addiction. Initially they may only bum a cigarette
from friends occasionally, but soon they find themselves bumming cigarettes more often. It's only a matter of time before they find themselves buying a pack a week, then
two or three packs a week. Although they believe that they can quit whenever they want, on average, social smokers end up addicted, and smoking for years. One-third of people who have ever tried smoking become daily smokers.
Social smoking increases risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at all levels of smoking. Moreover, smoking begins to exert this effect-causing fatal heart attacks and strokes-as early as age 35. The risk is especially acute for women who also use a hormonal method of birth control
(pills, patch, etc.). One mechanism by which smoking, even at low levels, promotes heart disease is by causing inflammation and dysfunction of the lining of blood vessels.
In one study, young, healthy people who smoked less than one pack per week were found to have a 35% reduction in blood vessel functioning compared with nonsmokers.
Social smoking increases cancer risk. Tobacco smoke itself is a carcinogen, as are at least 69 of its component chemicals. Because inherited genetic variations influence cancer rates, as do other determinants such as diet, stress, etc., the influence of
social smoking on cancer promotion is difficult to determine. However, any level of 5 smoking increases the frequency of DNA mutations known to be associated with
cancer. And the risk of cancer is more closely tied to the number of years you've smoked-at any level-than to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. As one expert put it, you wouldn't go out to your car four times a week and inhale exhaust fumes. But that's the health equivalent of smoking cigarettes four times a week.
The bottom line? There is no safe level of exposure to cigarette smoke. If you smoke at all, you are at increased risk of nicotine addiction, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other illnesses. Get help, and quit.

-The least effective way to strengthen your comprehension of this selection would be to

A) read faster.
B) highlight key ideas.
C) reread complicated sections.
D) read difficult sections aloud.