Deck 2: Special Education and Inclusive Schooling: Legislation, Assessment, and Trends

Question 1

Both Michelle and Jean are eight years old and have moderate intellectual disabilities resulting from Down syndrome. Michelle and Jean live in New Brunswick. Given the legislation for special education in this province, the type of schooling offered Michelle and Jean would be

A) special day school.
B) residential school.
C) inclusive schooling.
D) clinic setting.
E) segregated classes with part- time integration.

Answer 1

inclusive schooling.

Question 2

In the Grade 1 classroom, six- year- old Damon has not made a start on reading. He rarely follows the teacher's directions and seems uninterested in stories and verbal activities. The teacher is concerned and recommends assessment. The first step PRIOR to direct testing should be

A) reading assessment to determine Damon's progress in comparison to his peers.
B) psychoeducational assessment to establish mental ability.
C) general achievement testing in all areas requiring reading.
D) screening procedures.
E) transfer Damon to the resource room.

Answer 2

screening procedures.

Question 3

The trend toward employing inclusive models in the education of exceptional children is inhibited by

A) committed school personnel.
B) funding.
C) parental support.
D) appropriate teacher training.
E) policies for monitoring progress.

Answer 3

funding.

Question 4

The Scandinavian term "normalization"is close in meaning to

A) segregation.
B) deinstitutionalization.
C) integration.
D) inclusion.
E) exceptionality.

Question 5

The philosophy of inclusion assumes that school systems

A) eliminate all special education personnel.
B) eliminate all assessment practices in special education.
C) change assessment standards.
D) merge regular and special education practices.
E) integrate all children, regardless of type and degree of disability.

Question 6

In the areas of mainstreaming and inclusive schooling, federal legislation in Canada

A) provides funding for Special Education.
B) requires provinces to pass mandatory legislation.
C) is identical to American legislation such as PL 94- 142.
D) is silent on matters of inclusion.
E) speaks to the idea of inclusion, but not the practice.

Question 7

In the classroom, educational screening is designed to

A) diagnose specific learning disabilities.
B) identify those children who may experience difficulties.
C) inform final decisions for programming and placement.
D) buffer problematic students.
E) provide broad guidelines for special education funding.

Question 8

Which of the following does NOT describe inclusive schooling?

A) students of varied abilities will be in all classrooms
B) the general classroom provides the least restrictive environment
C) a continuum of services is required for children with exceptionalities
D) supportive services complement the program
E) high school classes have qualification standards for admission

Question 9

In Canada, which of the following is the BEST description of typical special education services?

A) districts include younger children but maintain secondary students in special classes
B) districts tend to approach inclusion on a one- to- one basis
C) all districts maintain a continuum of services
D) country- wide policy criteria determines services
E) across the country, all children with special needs are included in regular classrooms

Question 10

In 1975, the United States Congress passed Public Law 94- 142. The major change brought about by this legislation was

A) states were left to fund special education programs.
B) it restricted the role of parents in the special education process.
C) it stopped short of requiring nondiscriminatory testing practices.
D) it legitimized the process of segregating students with exceptionalities from their normally developing peers.
E) it gave official recognition to the educational needs of students with exceptionalities.

Question 11

Which U.S. piece of legislation amended Public Law 94- 142 by including autism and Traumatic Brain Injury as categories of disability?

A) PL 101- 476 (IDEA)
B) PL 105- 17
C) PL 94- 142 (EHA)
D) PL 99- 457
E) PL 95- 561

Question 12

The assessment procedure that allows intervention and follows classroom screening is referred to as____ assessment.

A) norm- referenced
B) psychoeducational
C) developmental
D) standardized
E) arena

Question 13

A characteristic of an educational assessment is that

A) it is the sole source of truly informative data for learning problems.
B) the assessment must quantify performance levels.
C) it is considered to be a "one- time" process.
D) it stresses current levels of developmental functioning.
E) all students must write the test for reliability purposes.

Question 14

Effective classroom assessment is guided by

A) use of multiple sources of information.
B) a focus on sorting and classifying students.
C) the test battery.
D) ranking performance.
E) measuring progress on a scale.

Question 15

Psychoeducational assessment is used to

A) create the sole unbiased base for decisions.
B) increase public awareness of disabling conditions.
C) confirm or disprove the existence of a problem.
D) establish a truly professional assessment of a child's functioning.
E) select from a large population those with suspected learning or behavioural problems.

Question 16

Inclusive schooling allows all children to get an education so that exclusion and _____are avoided.

A) prejudice
B) streaming
C) marginalization
D) bias
E) segregation

Question 17

According to the author, inclusive schooling can be viewed as a

A) reflection of Marxist philosophy.
B) revolutionary movement.
C) way to provide supports and services.
D) mainstream setting where all students are treated the same.
E) philosophy about how we deal with parent demands.

Question 18

For instructional purposes, an educator should look at a child in terms of

A) etiology of the handicap.
B) the demands of parents.
C) academic and behavioural characteristics.
D) behaviour problems.
E) classification.

Question 19

The most commonly cited source of teacher resistance to inclusion is

A) fear of medical repercussions and complications with severely disabled students.
B) designing curriculum elements not necessarily present in the regular classroom.
C) difficulty in managing differentiated curriculum.
D) extra pay for extra work.
E) a lack of the necessary skills to teach children with disabilities.

Question 20

According to the author, the essence of special education is

A) integrating regardless of the problem.
B) mainstreaming.
C) a firm belief that special education students can achieve at normal levels.
D) case- by- case decisions.
E) continued segregation of medically fragile cases.

Question 21

During the 1970s, mainstreaming emerged as a process that

A) placed children with exceptionalities in specialized schools.
B) promoted ability grouping.
C) allowed disabled students to be integrated in the least restrictive environment.
D) took disabled children out of the neighbourhood school.
E) placed the mainstream teacher at the centre of special education decisions.

Question 22

Early intervention refers to

A) education and services for at- risk preschoolers.
B) programs that are delivered in the mornings.
C) an extension of elementary education.
D) the belief that only preschoolers can profit from intervention programs.
E) legislation from 1997 (PL 105- 17).

Question 23

An example of an assistive technology in special education is

A) a pocket dictionary.
B) tape recording answers.
C) reading predictable books.
D) a voice output device.
E) use of mapping software.

Question 24

The basic purpose of assessment in special education is to

A) collect valid information on which to base decisions.
B) access program funding.
C) indicate the special needs and placement of a child.
D) assist classroom teachers in programming.
E) provide a child with an appropriate label.

Question 25

A fundamental difference between Canadian and United States approaches to Special Education is that

A) the United States does not fund special education research.
B) Canada uses hockey in its therapeutic programs.
C) the United States depends on legislation, Canada on policy.
D) Canada does not allow charter schools.
E) Canada does not operate from federal mandates.

Question 26

Prospects for children who are exceptional have changed dramatically in recent years. Which of the following has NOT factored into this progress in a major way?

A) early intervention
B) needs for multicultural education
C) teacher union advocacy
D) fair assessment practices
E) new technological developments

Question 27

Which of the following factors did NOT contribute to the early development of Special Education legislation in the United States?

A) the past failures to provide appropriate programs for exceptional students
B) the civil rights movement
C) efficacy studies
D) parent activism
E) demands from various states

Question 28

When children are assessed across a variety of domains relevant to social and educational performance, the process is known as

A) referral.
B) psychoeducational diagnosis.
C) intensive testing.
D) sociodomain analysis.
E) screening.

Question 29

The oldest model for the education of exceptional children in Canada is the

A) resource room.
B) day school.
C) normal school.
D) special class.
E) residential school.

Question 30

In transition programs, ONE focus is on

A) crime prevention programs.
B) offering English as a Second Language.
C) academics.
D) family- centred models.
E) community living.

Question 31

There have been many positive changes in assessment practices in Special Education in recent decades. Which of the following is NOT one of those changes?

A) curriculum- based assessment
B) environment used for assessment
C) more emphasis on the psychological report
D) greater involvement of teachers in the assessment process
E) types of tools and measures

Question 32

When the performance of an individual child on a test is compared to the group, the instrument used is referred to as

A) curriculum- based.
B) sociometric.
C) criterion- referenced.
D) functional.
E) norm- referenced.

Question 33

Standardized tests serve many functions. They do all of the following, EXCEPT

A) provide information for specific program planning.
B) identify deficits in a child's abilities.
C) compare a child's functioning to a norm group.
D) provide information on a child's language and performance.
E) place a child's score on a continuum of scores.

Question 34

Teachers are NOT usually involved in assessing intelligence because

A) these tests need to be administered by trained personnel.
B) IQ testing is a principal role.
C) measuring intelligence is fundamentally flawed.
D) IQ is not viewed as being significant.
E) the teachers' union prevents this.

Question 35

Sidney has completed the WISC- III intelligence battery and the psychologist tells his mother that Sidney is outside of two standard deviations from the norm. Therefore Sidney's intelligence could be

A) 70- 85.
B) 100- 115.
C) 85- 100.
D) above 130.
E) 115- 130.

Question 36

Which of the following developments in the 1960s had a direct effect on the public perception of disabilities?

A) U.S. President Johnson's war on poverty
B) Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's Just Society
C) the escalation of the Vietnam War
D) the dominance of behavioural psychology
E) the freedom movement by young people in North America

Question 37

Full legal and political rights for all Canadians with disabilities were gained in the

A) 1990s.
B) 1980s.
C) 2000s.
D) 1970s.
E) 1960s.

Question 38

The responsibility to provide equal access to an education for students with exceptionalities was supported by

A) lessons learned from Third World countries.
B) educational advocacy.
C) social and psychological theories of learning.
D) spiritual and moral teachings.
E) ethical and philosophical understandings.

Question 39

In the_____ case, the Supreme Court of Canada determined that the needs of a child should be considered when determining placement option.

Question 40

_____was the country that first legislated to successfully implement the practice of normalization.

Question 41

A means for exerting public pressure over school districts in the court system is known as____.

Question 42

______was the major piece of special education legislation passed in the United States in1975.

Question 43

The American amendment to PL 94- 142 in 1986 that expressly included very young children and their families is ____ .

Question 44

The overwhelming majority of standardized tests are _____- referenced.

Question 45

The relationship between a child's mental age and chronological age is referred to as the____ _____.

Question 46

_____testing is usually a province- wide assessment of the attainment of specific curriculum goals and outcomes.

Question 47

_____is the philosophy that all individuals should be provided with education and living environments as close to normal as possible.

Question 48

In the early 1900s Canadian children with special needs were educated in general classroom settings.

Question 49

The inclusion movement seeks regular education advantages for ALL children with disabilities.

Question 50

MOST Canadian provinces now have some form of mandatory legislation for special education.

Question 51

Legislation makes school boards implement fair and equitable provisions for special education.

Question 52

ALL litigation for special education has been undertaken under the equality section of the Charter of Rights.

Question 53

The Charter of Rights and Freedoms cannot override provincial special education legislation.

Question 54

PL 94- 142 had a significant impact on the provision of services for exceptional children.

Question 55

List three broad influential trends surrounding the notion of inclusion for students who are exceptional.

Question 56

Outline three categories of students that have been positively affected by an expansion of services in educational programming.

Question 57

List two examples of assistive technology that are considered high- tech in nature.

Question 58

State the three stages in assessing children with exceptionalities.

Question 59

Provide two examples of how enhanced parent involvement can support successful special education programming.

Question 60

Identify five of the major factors that contribute to successful inclusion..

Question 61

Explain and give examples of four possible barriers to successful inclusionary practice.

Question 62

Outline the key differences between Canadian and U.S. legislative processes that impacted special education.

Question 63

Explain the decision reached by the Supreme Court of Canada in the Eaton case.