Question 1

The region of the eye where visual acuity is the greatest is:&#10;A) The lens&#10;B) The aqueous humor&#10;C) The retina&#10;D) The macula

Accepted Answer

The macula is the region of the retina, located on the temporal side of the optic disk that contains the fovea-the place on the retina that has the greatest concentration of rods and cones and the highest visual acuity.

Question 2

Axons from the ____________________ send their axons to the optic disc, where they form the optic nerve.&#10;A) Retinal ganglion cells&#10;B) Oculomotor nerve&#10;C) Corticospinal tract&#10;D) Striatum

Accepted Answer

The axons of the retinal ganglion cells merge and dive into the optic disk, where they form the optic nerve. The oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) is a nerve that stimulates several extraocular muscles to move. The striatum is a part of the brain consisting of the caudate nucleus and the putamen. It is one of the components of the basal ganglia. The corticospinal tracts (also known as corticospinal system) are those long axons that affect movements of the long muscles of the arms and legs.

Question 3

A 6-year-old child tells his mother he can read clearly but cannot see distant objects. This child is likely to be:&#10;A) Myopic&#10;B) Presbyopic&#10;C) Affected by strabismus&#10;D) Hyperopic

Accepted Answer

Myopia is the condition in which the lens of the eye focuses light in front of the retina, making it difficult to see objects that are far away.

Question 4

The bending of light as it passes through media of different densities is known as:&#10;A) Phosphorescence&#10;B) Photophobia&#10;C) Photopia&#10;D) Refraction

Accepted Answer

Light bends when it passes through media of two different densities, for example, when it travels from air into water, or when it travels from the atmosphere into the cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous of the eye. The bending of light as it passes through media of different densities is refraction. Errors of refraction (ametropia) commonly encountered in clinical practice include myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism, and presbyopia.

Question 5

An error of refraction in which light rays are not sharply focused on the retina but instead are scattered diffusely, resulting in blurred vision, is:&#10;A) Presbyopia&#10;B) Astigmatism&#10;C) Diplopia&#10;D) Nyctalopia

Accepted Answer

Astigmatism is a form of ametropia in which light rays are spread diffusely on the retina, resulting in blurred vision.

Question 6

Which of the following disorders of color perception is the most common?&#10;A) Achromatopsia&#10;B) Blue-yellow color blindness&#10;C) Red-green color blindness&#10;D) Chromatopsia

Accepted Answer

Red-green color blindness, an X-linked trait, is found in about 8% of the population.

Question 7

The accommodation of the lens of the eye is adjusted by which of the following muscles?&#10;A) The ciliary muscle&#10;B) The lateral rectus&#10;C) The superior rectus&#10;D) The trochlear muscle

Accepted Answer

Contractions of the ciliary muscle tug on the crystalline lens of the eye and help it to focus light on the retina. The other muscles listed in this question are responsible for extraocular eye movements.

Question 8

The amplitude of accommodation of the eye normally:&#10;A) Increases with aging&#10;B) Decreases with aging&#10;C) Remains the same as people age&#10;D) Varies from person to person, based on factors unrelated to age

Accepted Answer

The amplitude of accommodation of the eye, as measured in diopters (D), progressively diminishes from childhood to older age.

Question 9

The region of the eye with the greatest concentration of cones and the greatest visual acuity is:&#10;A) The optic disk&#10;B) The fovea centralis&#10;C) The pigment epithelium&#10;D) The optic nerve

Accepted Answer

The retina is a light-sensitive membrane on which light rays are focused. The region of the retina in the center of the macula lutea that contains the greatest concentration of cones and the greatest visual acuity is the fovea centralis. The optic disk, the region of the retina where nerve fibers from the retina exit to form the optic nerve, is devoid of rods and cones.

Question 10

Inflammation of the eyelids is known as:&#10;A) Blepharitis&#10;B) Blepharospasm&#10;C) Conjunctivitis&#10;D) Retinitis

Accepted Answer

Inflammation of the hair follicles and glands along the edges of the eyelids is blepharitis. Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and is reflected onto the eyeball. Retinitis is any inflammatory condition affecting the retina.

Question 11

Conjunctivitis in newborns often results from which of the following causes?&#10;A) Environmental allergies (vernal conjunctivitis)&#10;B) Hyperoxia&#10;C) Chlamydia trachomatis&#10;D) Cytomegalovirus infection

Accepted Answer

The answer of Conjunctivitis in newborns often results from which...

Question 12

Looking at a patient's chart, you read that he has a pseudophakic lens in his left eye. This means:&#10;A) He has an untreated cataract&#10;B) He has an artificial lens in that eye&#10;C) He has an artificially colored contact lens&#10;D) He has had LASIK surgery

Accepted Answer

The answer of Looking at a patient's chart, you read...

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct term for bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye?&#10;A) Optical coherence&#10;B) Keratouveitis&#10;C) Bedewing&#10;D) Hyphema

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the correct...

Question 14

One reason to perform an anterior chamber tap is to:&#10;A) Treat acute angle closure glaucoma&#10;B) Implant an artificial lens in the eye&#10;C) Inject talc&#10;D) Alleviate congenital low vision

Accepted Answer

The answer of One reason to perform an anterior chamber...

Question 15

A comatose patient with anisocoria:&#10;A) Should be left to rest and regain his or her strength&#10;B) Should be reexamined daily for changes in clinical status&#10;C) Should be suspected of having a stroke or tumor in the brain stem&#10;D) Should be treated with naloxone, to reverse the effects of excessive opiates on the eye

Accepted Answer

The answer of A comatose patient with anisocoria:&#10;A) Should be...

Question 16

Which of the following is a form of correctable visual impairment?&#10;A) A stroke that affects the occipital lobes of the brain.&#10;B) A refractive defect&#10;C) Color blindness&#10;D) Anisocoria

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a form...

Question 17

A major cause of central vision loss in older adults is:&#10;A) Meniere's disease&#10;B) Subdural hematomas&#10;C) Macular degeneration&#10;D) Glaucoma

Accepted Answer

The answer of A major cause of central vision loss...

Question 18

More blindness is caused worldwide by one pathogen than any other cause. Name it.&#10;A) Cytomegalovirus infection of the retina&#10;B) Staphylococcal infection of the cornea&#10;C) Onchocerca volvulus (the cause of river blindness)&#10;D) Chlamydia trachomatis

Accepted Answer

The answer of More blindness is caused worldwide by one...

Question 19

During the examination of a patient with diabetes mellitus, a student notices the patient has dozens of burns on her retina. This is a result of:&#10;A) Photocoagulation&#10;B) Cigarette smoking&#10;C) Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus&#10;D) Excessive exposure to ultraviolet light

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the examination of a patient with...

Question 20

Matching&#10; The movements of the eye are controlled by several muscles that help us to gaze up, down, left, right, and obliquely. Match the extraocular muscle with one of its functions&#10;&#10;-Lateral rectus muscle&#10;A) Rotates the eye to look down and away from the tip of the nose&#10;B) Rotates the eye to look outward (temporally)&#10;C) Rotates the eye to look inward (toward the nose)&#10;D) Rotates the eye to look upward and inward (toward the nose)&#10;E) Rotates the eye to look upward and away from the tip of the nose&#10;F) Rotates the eye to look downward

Accepted Answer