Deck 4: Biology of Sex and Gender

Question 1

Nature is to nurture as:

A) Biology is to genetics
B) Environment is to biology
C) Biology is to environment
D) Environment is to genetics

Answer 1

Biology is to environment

Question 2

Freud's concept of gender identity emphasizes

A) Anatomy as destiny
B) Destiny as biology
C) Anatomy as a product of the environment
D) Gender as the product of the environment

Answer 2

Anatomy as destiny

Question 3

Freud proposed the following stages of psychosexual deployment:

A) The oral, anal and phallic stages
B) The id, the ego, the super ego stages
C) The zygote, embryo, fetus stages
D) Non of the above

Answer 3

The oral, anal and phallic stages

Question 4

The Oedipus complex develops during the____________ according to Freud

A) Embryo stage
B) Anal stage
C) Phallic stage
D) Superego stage

Question 5

A gamete is formed when__________________ and___________________ combine

A) Amoeba; paramecia
B) Chromosome; diploid
C) Sperm; ovum
D) Amoeba; sperm

Question 6

The assessment of the case of John vs Joan at the beginning of the chapter supports the notion that sexual identity is largely due to:

A) Inheritance
B) Nature
C) Environment
D) Nurture

Question 7

According to Freud, an Electra complex is evident in

A) Blaming the mother
B) Penis envy
C) Sexual attraction to father
D) All of the above

Question 8

Which organ is responsible for psychosexual development?

A) The reproductive system
B) The brain
C) The central nervous system
D) The hormonal productive system

Question 9

When does the Klinefelter syndrome occur?

A) When a genetic male has an extra X chromosome
B) When a genetic male has an extra Y chromosome
C) When an ovum without any X chromosome is fertilized by an X sperm
D) When an ovum without any X chromosome is fertilized by a Y sperm

Question 10

Which of the following statements contains evidence to support the importance of the environment in human development?

A) An adopted child who resembles her biological parents
B) An adopted child who resembles her adoptive parents
C) An adopted child who resembles both her biological and adoptive parents
D) Non of the above

Question 11

Kallman (1952) conducted studies on identical and fraternal twins in which one of each pair was gay. He reported that

A) Homosexuality was due to a genetic component
B) Homosexuality was a learned behavior
C) Lesbianism was due to a genetic component
D) Lesbianism was due to a learned component

Question 12

LeVay's (1991) findings were in agreement with previous studies that showed

A) The third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus was larger in heterosexual men than in heterosexual women and lesbian women.
B) The third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus was more than twice as large in heterosexual men than in heterosexual women and smaller than gay men.
C) The third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus was the same size in heterosexual men, heterosexual women, and gay men.
D) The third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus was more than twice as large in heterosexual men than in heterosexual women and gay men.

Question 13

Adolescence is marked by:

A) The onset of puberty
B) The stage of human development
C) The rules of society
D) Peer pressure

Question 14

Until 1973, the American Psychiatric Association listed homosexuality in the DSM-III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) as:

A) A physical illness
B) A mental disorder
C) A phase in life
D) none of the above

Question 15

One of the main differences between menopause and male climacteric is that whereas all women go through menopause, only_________________ of men go through male climacteric

A) 50%
B) 10%
C) 5%
D) 90%

Question 16

Which is identified as a male climacteric symptom?

A) poor appetite
B) decreased sexual desire
C) impaired ability to concentrate
D) All of the above

Question 17

Which is identified as a symptom of menopause?

A) Hot flashes
B) Increased production of estrogen
C) Loss of appetite
D) Weight loss

Question 18

____________________is a drug now used extensively by postmenopausal women and women with osteoporosis to reduce bone loss and increase bone density.

A) Hormone replacement therapy
B) Follicle stimulating hormone
C) Fosomax
D) None of the above

Question 19

Biological changes during late adulthood

A) Automatically decrease sexual functioning
B) Automatically increase sexual functioning
C) Do not automatically terminate sexual functioning
D) Have no effect on sexual functioning

Question 20

Explain where the text stands on the nature/nurture controversy. Support your answer with research findings and examples.

Question 21

Discuss the biological changes that take place during puberty.

Question 22

Discuss two studies that explain homosexuality according to biological factors.

Question 23

What are the effects of alcohol consumption on prenatal development?