Deck 16: Europes World Supremacy, 1871-1914

Question 1

Europe's imperial expansion led to the creation of protectorates in which the European powers

A) maintained local rulers in power and guaranteed them against internal upheaval and external
B) took over local rule, settled colonists, and deployed European troops.
C) took over local rule while protecting the territory from external attack.
D) signed treaties with local rulers giving them advisory privileges and investment and trade opportunities.

Answer 1

maintained local rulers in power and guaranteed them against internal upheaval and external

Question 2

"Spheres of influence" gave European powers

A) local political control and the clear right to defend the territory against external attack.
B) vague advisory privileges and investment and trade opportunities.
C) local control and the right to settle colonists and deploy troops.
D) the right to send in missionaries and diplomatic personnel, but no other privileges.

Answer 2

vague advisory privileges and investment and trade opportunities.

Question 3

Joseph Chamberlain promoted the idea that

A) the British should create a worldwide trading area that would secure raw materials and food,markets, and economic stability for both Britain and the dominions.
B) the dominions would remain under the governmental control of the British sovereign.
C) the dominions would compete with each other by means of protective tariffs.
D) the dominions would work together economically, but face military challenges independently.

Answer 3

the British should create a worldwide trading area that would secure raw materials and food,markets, and economic stability for both Britain and the dominions.

Question 4

The United States sympathized with Cuban revolutionaries for all of the following reasons except

A) their reliance on Cuban sugar.
B) their hopes of annexing the island.
C) American investments in Cuba.
D) the alleged barbarity of the Spanish authorities.

Question 5

After the Spanish American War, the United States annexed

A) Cuba, the Philippines, and Hawaii.
B) Santo Domingo, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico.
C) the Philippines and Puerto Rico.
D) Puerto Rico and Hawaii.

Question 6

The 1878 Congress of Berlin

A) maintained peace in Europe at the expense of the Russians.
B) maintained peace in Europe at the expense of Turkey.
C) maintained peace in Europe at the expense of Austria.
D) maintained peace in Europe at the expense of Britain.

Question 7

While by 1914, the Dutch controlled most of the Indonesian archipelago, a hundred years earlier they had effectively ruled

A) only about half the archipelago.
B) Java and a chain of scattered trading posts.
C) Sumatra and Celebes.
D) the coastlines of most of the islands but not the interiors.

Question 8

Analyze the economic and political differences between the "new" imperialism at the end of the 19th century and earlier phases of European imperialism.

Question 9

How and why did Egypt become a British protectorate?

Question 10

How did the Indian Mutiny result in a shift in British policy toward India?

Question 11

How was China opened to the west in the nineteenth century? How did the U.S. differ from its European counterparts in approaching China?

Question 12

How did Japanese imperialism precipitate a crisis in the Far East?

Question 13

What political factors contributed to the disintegration of the Ottoman empire in the nineteenth century?

Question 14

What brought Europeans close to blows in Africa?

Question 15

How did colonial holdings help Britain retain its position as the world's workshop?

Question 16

The new European imperialists

A) invested little capital in the "backward" countries.
B) transformed large elements of the local population into wage-earners.
C) failed to develop financial stakes in local governments and economic enterprise.
D) adapted to the production of kinds and quantities of goods by preindustrial handicraft methods.

Question 17

Europe's imperial expansion led to the creation of protectorates in which the European powers

A) maintained local rulers in power and guaranteed them against internal upheaval and external conquest.
B) took over local rule, settled colonists, and deployed European troops.
C) took over local rule while protecting the territory from external attack.
D) signed treaties with local rulers giving them advisory privileges and investment and trade opportunities.

Question 18

"Spheres of influence" gave European powers

A) local political control and the clear right to defend the territory against external attack.
B) vague advisory privileges and investment and trade opportunities.
C) local control and the right to settle colonists and deploy troops.
D) the right to send in missionaries and diplomatic personnel, but no other privileges.

Question 19

With the exception of Great Britain, European nations placed their foreign investments

A) fairly evenly throughout the world.
B) in their colonies.
C) in areas other than their own colonies.
D) in their own colonies and in the colonies of other European nations.

Question 20

Joseph Chamberlain promoted the idea that A the British should create a worldwide trading area that would secure raw materials and food,

A)the British should create a worldwide trading area that would secure raw materials and food, markets, and economic stability for both Britain and the dominions
B) the dominions would remain under the governmental control of the British sovereign.
C) the dominions would compete with each other by means of protective tariffs.
D) the dominions would work together economically, but face military challenges independently.

Question 21

The Mexican-American War was provoked by

A) the annexation of Texas.
B) the abolition of slavery in Texas.
C) the invasion of Mexico by the United States.
D) the annexation of California.

Question 22

The United States sympathized with Cuban revolutionaries for all of the following reasons except

A) their reliance on Cuban sugar.
B) their hopes of annexing the island.
C) American investments in Cuba.
D) the alleged barbarity of the Spanish authorities.

Question 23

After the Spanish American War, the United States annexed

A) Cuba, the Philippines, and Hawaii.
B) Santo Domingo, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico.
C) the Philippines and Puerto Rico.
D) Puerto Rico and Hawaii.

Question 24

The 1878 Congress of Berlin

A) maintained peace in Europe at the expense of the Russians.
B) maintained peace in Europe at the expense of Turkey.
C) maintained peace in Europe at the expense of Austria.
D) maintained peace in Europe at the expense of Britain.

Question 25

The British occupation of Egypt in 1882 was triggered by

A) fear that the French were about to take over Egypt.
B) the overthrow of the Egyptian government by Arab nationalists, an event that appeared to threaten the lives of Europeans in Alexandria.
C) fear of the imminent disintegration of the Ottoman empire due to the death of the sultan.
D) England's need for Egyptian cotton and other goods.

Question 26

In Africa, Europeans fulfilled their labor needs by resorting to

A) slavery.
B) free wage labor.
C) forced labor.
D) sporadic labor.

Question 27

The Fashoda crisis of 1898 was significant because it

A) was a British diplomatic triumph, blocking a French empire in Africa from east to west.
B) was a French diplomatic triumph, blocking a British empire in Africa from north to south.
C) led to a stalemate that ultimately benefited the Germans.
D) led the Italians to withdraw all their forces from Africa.

Question 28

While by 1914, the Dutch controlled most of the Indonesian archipelago, a hundred years earlier they had effectively ruled

A) only about half the archipelago.
B) Java and a chain of scattered trading posts.
C) Sumatra and Celebes.
D) the coastlines of most of the islands but not the interiors.

Question 29

By 1914, Britain

A) had constructed in India the densest railway network in the world.
B) had excluded Indians from all sectors of the subcontinent's administration.
C) did substantial trading with India but less than with their territories in the south Pacific, Australia, and New Zealand.
D) had developed important new industries in India, including steel-making.

Question 30

The Opium War of 1841 between China and Britain was fought because

A) the Chinese wanted to control the inflow of opium.
B) the Chinese were smuggling opium into India.
C) the Chinese government wanted a share of the British profits from the trade in opium.
D) the British wanted to tax the Chinese opium smugglers.

Question 31

Participants in the Boxer Rebellion attacked

A) Chinese Christians.
B) foreign legations.
C) foreigners.
D) all of the choices are correct.

Question 32

The United States' policy in China, the "Open Door," meant that

A) the U.S. supported the territorial integrity of China.
B) America wished equal access to the Chinese market for all foreign business interests.
C) the U.S. wanted to maintain Chinese independence.
D) all of the choices are correct.

Question 33

Japan defeated Russia in the 1904-1905 war by

A) conspiring to promote a violent revolution inside Russia.
B) decisively defeating the Russian army and navy.
C) obtaining the active support of the British navy.
D) by combining military pressure with economic warfare.

Question 34

Compare and contrast the imperialist careers of Leopold II of Belgium and Cecil Rhodes of England.

Question 35

What impact did imperial expansion in Africa and Asia between 1870 and 1914 have on relations between the European powers?

Question 36

Analyze the economic and political differences between the "new" imperialism at the end of the 19th century and earlier phases of European imperialism.

Question 37

What were the causes of the "new" imperialism? Of these causes, which do you believe was the most important?

Question 38

What was the Hobson-Lenin thesis on the cause of European imperialism? Do you agree or disagree with this viewpoint?

Question 39

Did the imperialist policies of the United States and the European powers differ? Why or why not?

Question 40

What reform policies did the Ottoman Turks follow in the 19th century? Why did these policies fail to prevent the political decline and gradual disintegration of the Ottoman empire?

Question 41

What were the most important ideas justifying American imperialism? Where did the U.S. intervene in the name of those ideas?

Question 42

How and why did Egypt become a British protectorate?

Question 43

Why was labor a problem for European colonizers in Africa? How did they attempt to resolve the problem?

Question 44

What was the Fashoda crisis? What did it indicate about relations between European powers in Africa?

Question 45

How did the Indian Mutiny result in a shift in British policy toward India?

Question 46

How was China opened to the west in the nineteenth century? How did the U.S. differ from its European counterparts in approaching China?

Question 47

How did Japanese imperialism precipitate a crisis in the Far East?

Question 48

What political factors contributed to the disintegration of the Ottoman empire in the nineteenth century?

Question 49

What happened to the areas in Europe and Africa lost by the Ottomans in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?

Question 50

How did Europeans address questions of ethnic and linguistic differences as they colonized Africa?

Question 51

What were the east-and-west belts and the north-and-south belts of European colonization?

Question 52

What brought Europeans close to blows in Africa?

Question 53

Where did European powers expand their control in Asia in the latter half of the nineteenth century? Where did this expansion bring European powers into conflict with one another?

Question 54

Why were the Mediterranean and the Suez Canal considered the lifeline of the British empire?

Question 55

How did colonial holdings help Britain retain its position as the world's workshop?

Question 56

Why did both Russia and Japan seek control over Manchuria? How did those imperialist ambitions affect China?