Deck 1: Early Childhood Education As a Career

Question 1

During her lecture, your education professor talks about the influence of culture on a child's experience in school. When using the term culture, she is referring to the influences of factors like race, economic level, and religion, but not factors like age and gender.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Emergent curriculum describes an approach to early childhood education in which projects are allowed to flow from one into another.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The approach of the Pikler Institute is to emphasize spirituality and the art of movement in early childhood education.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The NAEYC's document titled Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Education encourages early childhood educators to move away from either-or thinking and embrace both-and thinking.

Question 5

At the top of Maslow's hierarchy of human needs is a need called self-actualization.

Question 6

In general, family child care programs are less regulated than center-based child care programs.

Question 7

The church's view of children in early Western society can best be summarized as, "Children are blank slates to be shaped by experience."

Question 8

The scientific approach to the study of children began with G. Stanley Hall's keeping of anecdotal records on the developmental stages of children.

Question 9

Evan Palmer's five-year-old kindergarten students are in Piaget's preoperational stage of development. Evan should expect that the children may often rely on intuition and perception rather than logic, and Evan should allow them time for pretend play and talk.

Question 10

Both John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner believe that the only thing worth studying was that which could be seen - behavior.

Question 11

Early Childhood Educators have a legal mandate to report any suspected cases of child abuse.

Question 12

Lev Vygotsky's theories differ from those of Piaget because he believed in giving children adult guidance, rather than simply letting children explore on their own.

Question 13

Which of the following reflects multiculturalism in early childhood teacher training?

A) examination of experience in order to understand it, learn from it, and grow from it
B) focusing education on the "whole child"
C) recognizing that early childhood education is a field with its own concepts and vocabulary
D) recognizing, respecting, and valuing the diversity that makes up the "American people"

Question 14

The author of your text refers to "unwritten plans for and approaches for learning." What is she referencing?

A) the lesson plans made by the teacher before the formal classroom time
B) the interactions between adult and children, where the greatest learning takes place
C) the lesson plans teachers make "on the fly," responding to changes in the classroom environment
D) plans for addressing each child as a "whole child"

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the four themes in early childhood teacher training presented in your text?

A) multiculturalism
B) holism
C) deductive thinking
D) reflective practice

Question 16

Which individual(s) have been primarily responsible for bringing the concepts and specifics of childhood stage development to the general public?

A) Benjamin Spock and T. Barry Brazelton
B) Arnold Gesell
C) Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson
D) Maria Montessori

Question 17

Of the following types of programs, which is LEAST likely to be funded by government fees?

A) kindergarten
B) Head Start preschool
C) surround care
D) family child care

Question 18

Four-year-old Hilary goes to a parent-participation nursery school. Hilary's educational setting is also called a

A) parent cooperative preschool.
B) Montessori school.
C) parent-based kindergarten.
D) home-based visitor program.

Question 19

Two college students debate the nature-nurture question. What is the topic of their debate?

A) the extent to which children are extraverted (outgoing) or introverted (quiet)
B) whether children primarily prefer an indoor or outdoor environment
C) the benefits and disadvantages of emergent curriculum
D) the relative influence of heredity and environment on a child's development

Question 20

Regarding the nature-nurture question, researchers generally conclude that the development of children is:

A) mostly influenced by their genetic makeup
B) mostly influenced by their environment
C) only influenced by their experiences in their given environment and begins with a "blank slate"
D) mostly influenced by the interplay between their innate genetic makeup and their experiences in their given environment

Question 21

Regarding early philosophical views of children, Rousseau is to _____ as Locke is to ______.

A) little angel/little devil
B) little angel/blank slate
C) little devil/blank slate
D) little devil/little angel

Question 22

Whose contribution to child development includes the identification of the physical milestones of children's development?

A) Arnold Gesell
B) Jean Piaget
C) Abraham Maslow
D) B.F. Skinner

Question 23

If early childhood educator Monica Monez wishes to be consistent with Piaget's ideas about child development, which of the following should she do with her students?

A) emphasize the right answers to particular problems and activities.
B) mold and shape her students' behaviors through a system of rewards.
C) provide a rich environment and let the children interact in an exploratory way.
D) de-emphasize play, especially of the dramatic variety.

Question 24

Using the theories of Piaget, Freud, and Erikson, an 8-year-old child would best be described as

A) concrete operational, in a period of latency, and dealing with issues of industry versus inferiority.
B) preoperational, in a phallic period, and dealing with issues of initiative versus guilt.
C) concrete operational, in a period of latency, and dealing with issues of trust versus mistrust.
D) sensorimotor, in an oral period, dealing with issues of autonomy versus doubt.

Question 25

Caitlyn teaches Sunday School for five-year-old children. Having recently studied Erikson's theory, Caitlyn predicts that most of her students will be in which psychosocial stage of development?

A) concrete operations
B) initiative versus guilt
C) latency
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 26

Among developmental theorists, ______ is to psychoanalytic theory? as ______ is to psychosocial theory.

A) Sigmund Freud/Erik Erikson
B) Albert Bandura/Lev Vygotsky
C) Urie Bronfenbrenner/B.F. Skinner
D) Abraham Maslow/Jean Piaget

Question 27

Because of his/her beliefs that young children are like seeds that need a gardener (i.e. an educator), ______ created an institution that came to be known as kindergarten.

A) J.H. Pestalozzi
B) Emmi Pikler
C) Rudolf Steiner
D) Friedrich Froebel

Question 28

Regarding brain development, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Social and emotional development are intimately connected to learning and cognition.
B) Babies are born with many more brain cells than they actually need, so unused connections are eliminated through a pruning process.
C) Using flashcards with infants is a developmentally appropriate practice.
D) Scientific research on the brain is proving the idea that the early years matter.

Question 29

Your professor states, "Early childhood education should focus on all aspects of the child from her body to her mind." Which theme of early childhood teacher training is your professor addressing?

A) reflective thinking
B) holism
C) multiculturalism
D) developmentally appropriate practice

Question 30

Which organization coined the term "developmentally appropriate practice" and works to promote high-quality learning for young children by connecting research and policy through its position statements, accreditation program, and publication of journals and books?

A) Zero to Three
B) National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families
C) National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC)
D) Association for Childhood Education International
E) WestEd's Center for Child and Families Studies

Question 31

Which organization is responsible for the Program for Infant-Toddler Care (PITC), a renowned organization devoted to improving the care of young children through its training programs, publications, and advocacy efforts with policy leaders.

A) National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC)
B) WestEd's Center for Child and Family Studies
C) Zero to Three
D) Association for Childhood Education International
E) National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families

Question 32

Describe Piaget's three stages of cognitive development in children. Discuss some of the implications of Piaget's theory for early childhood education.

Question 33

Describe the contributions of each of the following pioneer educators: J.H. Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel, Maria Montessori, John Dewey, Loris Malaguzzi, Costanza Eggers-Pierrola, Rudolf Steiner, Emmi Pikler, and Magda Gerber.

Question 34

One of the themes of your text is professionalism. Explain what it means to be a professional in the context of early childhood education.