Deck 6: Carbohydrates - Lifes Sweet Molecules

Question 1

Identify all the disaccharides from the following list:
i.Lactose
ii.Glucose
iii.Ribose
iv.Maltose

A)i + iv
B)ii + iii
C)i + ii
D)iii + iv

Answer 1

i + iv

Question 2

How many monosaccharides are connected to each other in a disaccharide?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Answer 2

2

Question 3

How many monosaccharides are connected to each other in an oligosaccharide?

A)1
B)2
C)3-9
D)more than 9

Answer 3

3-9

Question 4

The general formula for a carbohydrate is:

A)C_nH_2n+2
B)C_n(H₂O)_n
C)C_nH_2n
D)C_n(H₂O)

Question 5

Which of the following functional groups is just a carbon double bonded to an oxygen atom?

A)Alcohol
B)Thiol
C)Carbonyl
D)Ester

Question 6

Which of the following functional groups comprises a carbon atom bonded to a hydroxyl group?

A)Alcohol
B)Thiol
C)Carbonyl
D)Ester

Question 7

A carbohydrate with an aldehyde functional group is called:

A)ketose
B)aldose
C)disaccharide
D)hexose

Question 8

A carbohydrate with a ketone functional group is called:

A)ketose
B)aldose
C)disaccharide
D)hexose

Question 9

A carbohydrate with 5 carbons is called a:

A)hexose
B)triose
C)pentose
D)tetrose

Question 10

A carbohydrate with 4 carbons is called a:

A)hexose
B)triose
C)pentose
D)tetrose

Question 11

A carbohydrate with 6 carbons and an aldehyde functional group is called a(n):

A)ketohexose
B)aldohexose
C)ketopentose
D)aldopentose

Question 12

A carbohydrate with 6 carbons and a ketone functional group is called a(n):

A)ketohexose
B)aldohexose
C)ketopentose
D)aldopentose

Question 13

The most abundant monosaccharide in nature is:

A)mannose
B)galactose
C)glucose
D)fructose

Question 14

Galactose is called a(n):

A)aldopentose
B)ketohexose
C)aldohexose
D)ketopentose

Question 15

Fructose is called a(n):

A)aldopentose
B)ketohexose
C)aldohexose
D)ketopentose

Question 16

Ribose is a(n):

A)aldohexose
B)ketohexose
C)aldopentose
D)ketopentose

Question 17

Glyceraldehyde is a carbohydrate that contains ________ carbon atoms.

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

Question 18

Which of the following is a tertiary alcohol?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 19

Which of the following is a primary alcohol?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 20

Which of the following is a secondary alcohol?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 21

Which of the following is a tertiary alcohol?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 22

Which of the following is an aldehyde functional group?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 23

Which of the following is a ketone functional group?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 24

Which of the following is a ketone?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 25

What types of alcohols are found in carbohydrates?

A)Primary only
B)Secondary only
C)Tertiary only
D)Primary + secondary

Question 26

Which of these carbohydrates shown in the Fischer projection is D-galactose?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 27

Which of these molecules is an aldopentose?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 28

How many stereoisomers are possible for:

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)8

Question 29

How many chiral carbon atoms are there in this molecule?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 30

How many chiral carbon atoms are in this molecule:

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

Question 31

The configuration at which carbon atom determines if a monosaccharide is D or L?

A)The lowest numbered chiral carbon
B)The highest numbered chiral carbon
C)The chiral carbon closest to the aldehyde or keto group
D)The carbon of the primary alcohol group

Question 32

Which of the following compounds is the enantiomer of the following?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 33

Which of these molecules is the enantiomer of D-altrose?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 34

Which one of these molecules is an epimer of D-allose?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 35

Which of the following is a pyranose ring?

A)
B)
C)Both of these are pyranose rings.
D)Neither of these is a pyranose ring.

Question 36

Which of the following is a furanose ring?

A)
B)
C)Both of these are furanose rings.
D)Neither of these is a furanose ring.

Question 37

?-D-glucose and ?-D-glucose are:

A)enantiomers
B)anomers
C)disaccharides
D)a racemic mixture

Question 38

When an organic molecule loses hydrogens it is said to be:

A)reduced
B)oxidized
C)both oxidized and reduced
D)neither oxidized or reduced

Question 39

When an organic molecule gains hydrogens it is said to be:

A)reduced
B)oxidized
C)both oxidized and reduced
D)neither oxidized or reduced

Question 40

When a substance is oxidized it is called a(n):

A)oxidizing agent
B)reducing agent
C)both
D)neither

Question 41

When a substance is reduced it is called a(n):

A)oxidizing agent
B)reducing agent
C)both
D)neither

Question 42

In the Benedict's test:

A)an aldehyde is oxidized
B)a brick red precipitate is formed
C)the copper (II)ion is reduced
D)all of the above are true

Question 43

Lactose is made from D-glucose and:

A)mannose
B)glucose
C)galactose
D)ribose

Question 44

This disaccharide is also known as malt sugar since it is formed from the breakdown of starch and is a key ingredient in beer:

A)sucrose
B)lactose
C)maltose
D)cellobiose

Question 45

What type of glycosidic bond is shown here?

A)?(1?4)
B)?(1?6)
C)?(1?4)
D)?(1?6)

Question 46

What type of glycosidic bond is shown here?

A)?(1?4)
B)?(1?6)
C)?(1?4)
D)?(1?6)

Question 47

The glycosidic bond that connects the two monosaccharides in lactose is:

A)?(1?4)
B)?(1?4)
C)?(1?6)
D)?,?(1?2)

Question 48

The glycosidic bond that connects the two monosaccharides in sucrose is:

A)?(1?4)
B)?(1?4)
C)?(1?6)
D)?,?(1?2)

Question 49

Which of these polysaccharides is not made exclusively from ?-glucose units?

A)Amylose
B)Amylopectin
C)Glycogen
D)Cellulose

Question 50

Which of the following is the storage form of glucose in the liver and muscle tissue?

A)Amylose
B)Amylopectin
C)Glycogen
D)Cellulose

Question 51

Which one of these polysaccharides is not used in energy storage?

A)Cellulose
B)Glycogen
C)Amylose
D)Amylopectin

Question 52

Which one of these polysaccharides contains ?-N-acetylglucosamine units forming ?(1?4)bonds?

A)Cellulose
B)Chitin
C)Amylose
D)Amylopectin

Question 53

Which of the following is the structural polysaccharide in plants?

A)Amylose
B)Amylopectin
C)Glycogen
D)Cellulose

Question 54

The polysaccharide the makes up the exoskeleton of insects is:

A)cellulose
B)glycogen
C)chitin
D)amylose

Question 55

Which blood type contains the carbohydrate N-acetylgalactosamine?

A)A
B)B
C)O
D)All blood types contain this carbohydrate.

Question 56

Which of the following blood types is considered to be the universal blood donor?

A)Type B
B)Type A
C)Type AB
D)Type O

Question 57

This molecule represents a secondary alcohol:

Question 58

This molecule represents a primary alcohol:

Question 59

This molecule represents a tertiary alcohol:

Question 60

This molecule represents an aldehyde:

Question 61

This molecule represents a ketone:

Question 62

This molecule represents a ketopentose:

Question 63

This molecule represents an aldohexose:

Question 64

This molecule represents the L enantiomer of galactose:

Question 65

A carboxylic acid is formed by oxidation of an aldehyde.

Question 66

An alcohol is formed by oxidation of a ketone.

Question 67

Polysaccharides are non-reducing sugars.

Question 68

Starch is made from glucose units in ?(1?4)glycosidic bonds.

Question 69

Glycogen is the storage polysaccharide in animals.

Question 70

Identify which structure contains a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol in the following structures

A) B) C)

Question 71

A secondary alcohol contains _______ alkyl groups attached to the C atom bonded to the hydroxyl group.

Question 72

An aldopentose contains ________ carbon atoms and a/an ________ group.

Question 73

In the Fischer projection of a carbohydrate, the wedges are represented by ________ lines and the dashes are represented by ________ lines.

Question 74

All D-sugars have the -OH on the chiral center farthest from the carbonyl group on the ________ side of the molecule.

Question 75

Draw the enantiomer of D-galactose.

Question 76

Draw the enantiomer of L-altrose.

Question 77

The number of stereoisomers of a molecule that contains n chiral carbon atoms is given by ________.

Question 78

Stereoisomers that are not enantiomers are called ________.

Question 79

Diastereoisomers that differ in just one chiral center are called ________.

Question 80

Given the following structure:
A)How many chiral carbons are contained in this compound? Identify each chiral carbon.
B)How many stereoisomers are possible for this compound?
C)Draw the Fisher projections for all of the possible stereoisomers and label them as either the D or L form. Be sure to illustrate how you know it is the correct form.