Deck 3: Adverse Reactions

Question 1

Although drug A and drug B have the same ED₅₀, drug B has a wider therapeutic index (TI); therefore, drug A has a greater LD₅₀ than drug B.

A) Both parts of the statement are true.
B) Both parts of the statement are false.
C) The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false.
D) The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true.

Answer 1

The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false.

Question 2

A genetically related abnormal drug response is called a(n):

A) toxic reaction.
B) idiosyncratic reaction.
C) side effect.
D) drug allergy.

Answer 2

idiosyncratic reaction.

Question 3

In an assessment of drug action for a certain therapeutic agent, results indicate that the ED₅₀ is 3 mg/kg, and the LD₅₀ is 300 mg/kg. What is the therapeutic index for this agent?

A) 3
B) 300
C) 0.01
D) 100

Answer 3

100

Question 4

A dose of a drug that kills 50% of experimental animals is termed:

A) ED₅₀.
B) minimally effective dose.
C) LD₅₀ .
D) therapeutic index.

Question 5

Drug allergy and a side effect are two examples of dose-related responses.

Question 6

Approximately 10% of male African Americans develop a severe hemolytic anemia when given the antimalarial drug primaquine. Such a response is categorized as a(n):

A) idiosyncratic reaction.
B) drug side effect.
C) genetically determined abnormal reaction.
D) allergic reaction.
E) Both a and c are correct.

Question 7

An agent for which data are insufficient in animals or women to ensure safety during pregnancy would be classified in which U.S. Food and Drug Administration category for teratogenic drugs?

A) X
B) A
C) C
D) B

Question 8

Which of the following is the recommended solution for the adverse effect of nausea following administration of a drug?

A) Cease taking the drug.
B) Go outside and get some fresh air.
C) Take the drug with food or milk.
D) Take the drug at bedtime.
E) Seek medical attention.

Question 9

A drug effect that is neither predictable nor dose related is called a:

A) therapeutic effect.
B) toxic reaction.
C) side effect.
D) drug allergy.
E) Both b and d are correct.

Question 10

What should the dental hygienist do first if a patient reports a suspected adverse drug effect?

A) Administer epinephrine.
B) Determine what drugs the patient is taking.
C) Have that patient drink a sugary liquid such as apple juice.
D) Call 9-1-1.
E) Drive the patient to the nearest hospital emergency room.

Question 11

Which hypersensitivity reaction causes antibody-antigen (immune complex)deposition?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV

Question 12

A dose-related reaction that produces undesirable effects caused by the action on nontarget organs is called a:

A) therapeutic effect.
B) toxic reaction.
C) side effect.
D) drug allergy.

Question 13

Tetracycline, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the benzodiazepines are safe to administer to a pregnant patient.

Question 14

The greatest risk to the fetus from exposure to drugs occurs:

A) just before birth.
B) during the third trimester.
C) during the second trimester.
D) before pregnancy status is known.

Question 15

The greater the therapeutic index is, the greater the toxicity will be.

Question 16

Type _____ hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 17

The following choices refer to adverse reactions involving exaggerated effects on target tissues except:

A) overreaction of a sensitive patient.
B) administration of too large a dose.
C) caused by a nontherapeutic action of a drug.
D) possibly resulting from liver or kidney disease.

Question 18

Which hypersensitivity reaction is termed delayed-type hypersensitivity and is mediated by sensitized T lymphocytes and macrophages?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV

Question 19

An acute, life-threatening allergic reaction characterized by hypotension, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, and cardiac arrhythmias is what type of hypersensitivity?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV