Deck 16: Guiding Social Behaviors

Question 1

Prosocial behaviors are most likely to occur in an environment with ______ reasoning.

A) deductive
B) inductive
C) punitive
D) restrictive

Answer 1

inductive

Question 2

Induction helps children see how their behavior ______.

A) is caused by outside forces
B) influences other people
C) has changed over time
D) is not really their fault

Answer 2

influences other people

Question 3

The guidance approach in which the adult uses logic and reasoning to help the child see the consequences of a behavior for other people is known as ______.

A) unconditional attention
B) effective praise
C) active listening
D) inductive reasoning

Answer 3

inductive reasoning

Question 4

Children with internal control do what is right because they ______.

A) feel it is the right thing to do
B) fear being punished by an adult
C) have not yet learned inductive reasoning
D) take an eclectic approach to learning

Question 5

Benny just took the class supply of crayons and broke them all in half. What can Mr. Short say to him that is an example of inductive reasoning?

A) You will pay for that, Mister!
B) I think your friends are going to be very sad if they can no longer color.
C) Shame on you. That was not a very smart thing to do.
D) The last little boy who broke crayons did not get to use the sand table for two weeks.

Question 6

DeShawn has been taught with inductive reasoning. He is about to knock over a log house his classmates made, but then he decides not to. Which thought process best shows that DeShawn made his decision using inductive reasoning?

A) If I tear this house down, my teacher will probably put me in time out.
B) If I tear this house down, everyone who worked on it will be sad that their project is ruined.
C) If I tear this house down, I am going to have to rebuild another one.
D) If I tear this house down, something bad might happen to me because I was bad.

Question 7

Sharese has been taught inductive reasoning skills. If she decides to do the right thing and sit quietly rather than disrupting her class, what is she most likely thinking to herself?

A) If I am loud, other children will not be able to learn.
B) If I act bad, I will be punished by the teacher.
C) If I am quiet, I will have more fun than if I am loud.
D) If I cause problems, the teacher will tell my parents.

Question 8

The ongoing process of directing children's behavior based on the types of adults children are expected to become is known as ______.

A) inductive reasoning
B) guidance
C) discipline
D) active listening

Question 9

A response to children's misbehavior that many adults feel involves a punitive action is known as ______.

A) inductive reasoning
B) guidance
C) discipline
D) active listening

Question 10

Using retribution as a basis for inflicting a painful consequence for misbehavior is known as ______.

A) inductive reasoning
B) redirection
C) punishment
D) unconditional attention

Question 11

Most experts feel that punishment models ______.

A) the appropriate way to behave
B) the exact behavior it is trying to eliminate
C) a higher stage of development than the child has reached
D) an unrealistic expectation for how well young children can behave

Question 12

Many experts feel that the long-term result of punishment is ______.

A) the elimination of undesirable behavior
B) no behavioral change
C) overly submissive behavior
D) increased aggression

Question 13

Rudolf Dreikurs believed that the reaction to a child's behavior should be dependent on the child's ______.

A) attitude
B) goal
C) actions
D) background

Question 14

The factors Dreikurs identified as motivating misbehavior are ______.

A) anger, spite, evil, and jealousy
B) fear, stress, inhibition, and loneliness
C) attention, power, revenge, and inadequacy
D) hunger, thirst, sleep, and sexual desire

Question 15

Rudolf Dreikurs based his work on the ideas of ______.

A) Alfred Adler
B) Jean Piaget
C) Thomas Gordon
D) Dan Gartrell

Question 16

Rudolf Dreikurs's technique of allowing children to experience the natural outcome of their actions is known as ______.

A) reinforcement
B) redirection
C) sensory deficit
D) logical consequences

Question 17

Active listening is Thomas Gordon's term for ______.

A) a response to a child's behavior that focuses on how the adult feels rather than on the child's character
B) the technique of reflecting back to children what they have said as a way to help them find their own solutions to problems
C) a response to a child's behavior that focuses on the child's character (usually in negative terms) rather than on how the adult feels
D) a basic, underlying humanistic tenet that mutual respect and acceptance should exist between adults and children

Question 18

An I-message is Thomas Gordon's term for ______.

A) a response to a child's behavior that focuses on how the adult feels rather than on the child's character
B) the technique of reflecting back to children what they have said as a way to help them find their own solutions to problems
C) a response to a child's behavior that focuses on the child's character (usually in negative terms) rather than on how the adult feels
D) a basic, underlying humanistic tenet that mutual respect and acceptance should exist between adults and children

Question 19

A you-message is Thomas Gordon's term for ______.

A) a response to a child's behavior that focuses on how the adult feels rather than on the child's character
B) the technique of reflecting back to children what they have said as a way to help them find their own solutions to problems
C) a response to a child's behavior that focuses on the child's character (usually in negative terms) rather than on how the adult feels
D) a basic, underlying humanistic tenet that mutual respect and acceptance should exist between adults and children

Question 20

Thomas Gordon suggests the strategy of no-lose problem-solving when ownership of the problem belongs to ______.

A) the child
B) the adult
C) neither the child nor the adult
D) both the child and the adult

Question 21

Thomas Gordon suggests the strategy of active listening when ownership of the problem belongs to ______.

A) the child
B) the adult
C) neither the child nor the adult
D) both the child and the adult

Question 22

An approach to guidance, holding that the child's behavior is under the control of the environment, which includes space, objects, and people, is ______.

A) active listening
B) behavior management
C) logical consequences
D) unconditional attention

Question 23

A principle of behavior management that involves removing all reinforcement for a given behavior to eliminate that behavior is ______.

A) unconditional attention
B) inductive reasoning
C) ignoring
D) redirecting

Question 24

The technique in which the child is removed from the reinforcement and stimulation of the classroom is ______.

A) unconditional attention
B) inductive reasoning
C) time-out
D) redirecting

Question 25

The social-emotional abilities that children need to develop in order to become productive participants in a diverse society are known as ______.

A) behavior managements
B) individual temperaments
C) democratic life skills
D) logical consequences

Question 26

According to Dan Gartrell, rules ______ whereas guidelines ______.

A) provide explanations; are negative
B) are negative; provide explanations
C) evaluate; support
D) support; evaluate

Question 27

Liz is working in an early childcare facility. One of the infants is screaming and kicking and acting very upset. What is the best way for Liz to deal with this behavior?

A) Ignore the child.
B) Hold the child.
C) Place the child in isolation.
D) Frown at the child.

Question 28

Which of the following phrases is an example of effective praise?

A) Great job!
B) Fantastic!
C) You are my super hero!
D) That circle is perfectly round!

Question 29

Which of the following phrases is an example of ineffective praise?

A) You used four triangles to make a rectangle!
B) Look at what a wonderful job you've done!
C) You added those numbers correctly in two steps!
D) That is a very solid tower!

Question 30

Effective praise ______.

A) tells the child when to feel positive
B) encourages competition
C) focuses on the activity or process
D) includes phrases such as "Good Job"

Question 31

Attention that is not given in response to a specific behavior and values the child as a person is said to be ______.

A) reinforcement
B) unconditional
C) guidance
D) discipline

Question 32

How can Thelma show unconditional attention to Antonio, a student in her class?

A) by greeting him every day when he enters the room
B) by giving him a snack if he solves a problem correctly
C) by stopping the lesson and looking at him whenever his behavior is disruptive
D) by allowing him to do whatever he wants without consequences

Question 33

When a teacher sets aside a block of time to spend with a child, it is known as ______.

A) time-out
B) redirection
C) special time
D) encouragement

Question 34

Which of the following scenarios shows the proper use of the technique known as special time?

A) Ms. Harper lets Cindy clean the tables if she finishes her coloring early.
B) Mr. Mason reads a story to the class every Friday if they have behaved all week.
C) Mr. Bennett spends five minutes talking and playing catch with Ryan while everyone else reads quietly.
D) Miss Rubinski lets the children choose the class play activity on their birthdays.

Question 35

You have learned about ignoring as a method of controlling unwanted behavior, and you want to try it out in a real classroom. Which of the following situations gives you the best opportunity to use this strategy?

A) Lloyd keeps punching other children to get your attention.
B) Hannah keeps burping to get your attention.
C) Kaitlin keeps balancing her pencil on her nose to make the other students laugh.
D) Gerald keeps knocking over the scrap paper because he does not see well.

Question 36

A technique in which children are given the responsibility for removing themselves from the classroom if they feel they are about to lose control is known as ______.

A) unconditional attention
B) special time
C) redirection
D) self-selected time-out

Question 37

If you see physical signs of child abuse, you should ______.

A) schedule a meeting with you, the child, and the parents
B) contact your supervisor or someone of authority
C) begin a private investigation to see if you can prove it
D) do nothing unless the child confides to you that abuse is taking place

Question 38

Mr. Schmidt has some children acting a bit unusual in his class. Which child is most likely in need of Mr. Schmidt taking action because the behavior is a serious cause for concern?

A) Kami, a four-year-old who tells fantasy stories as if they were true
B) Ben, a small boy who acts a bit immature in social settings
C) Stan, a two-year-old who flops himself on the ground and kicks when asked to share
D) Karen, a happy five-year-old who has recently become very aggressive and detached

Question 39

Larissa is having some difficulties with some children she interacts with at her facility. For which situation would it be most appropriate for her to call in expert help?

A) Angus never wants to sleep when everyone else does at nap time.
B) Several of the toddler class members throw violent tempers when told "No."
C) Pedro makes Larissa and another teacher dread coming to work because he is mean to them and so uncontrollable every day.
D) When it is group play time, there are three children who prefer to talk to Larissa instead of getting involved with the others.

Question 40

Which of the following is a sign of a serious behavioral issue that may need intervention?

A) a child who is about two months behind her peers in development
B) a child who prefers individual work to group activities
C) a child whose behavior abruptly and dramatically changes
D) a girl who is at about the same developmental level as the boys

Question 41

Developmentally, boys tend to be ______ girls.

A) 1-2 years ahead of
B) 6-18 months behind
C) on the same schedule as
D) nearly three years behind

Question 42

Which set of rules would be most effective in an early childhood classroom?

A) Mrs. Hall's list of 20 things nice children should not do
B) Mr. Behr's punishment flow chart, with five potential consequences for each rule broken
C) Ms. Daza's five simple rules for a safe classroom community
D) Mr. Bingham's pledge to discuss rules only if someone does something wrong

Question 43

Ms. Van Horn used suggestions from the students and created a set of four classroom rules: 1. Do not run. 2. Do not throw things. 3. Do not take other people's things. 4. Do not touch anyone in an unkind way. She wrote the rules in her gradebook, and the class all spoke the rules out loud together. Once a month, or when a serious infraction occurs, she reviews the rules with the class. Which guideline for good classroom rules did she neglect?

A) Keep the list of rules short and easy to understand.
B) Periodically review the rules.
C) Post the rules in the classroom.
D) Rules should focus on safety and respect for others.

Question 44

When young children develop food allergies, it is usually because ______.

A) they overeat because they have not yet learned self-control
B) they eat two foods that react with each other
C) they eat food from dirty and unsanitary surfaces
D) their immune systems are not fully developed

Question 45

Young children are ______ to food allergies.

A) more susceptible
B) less susceptible
C) almost universally immune
D) almost universally subject

Question 46

In American society, the risk of malnutrition and undernutrition ______.

A) rarely affects the middle class
B) has been effectively eliminated
C) affects all classes
D) is limited to the lower class

Question 47

Studies have shown that the different temperaments are ______.

A) the result of environmental factors
B) associated with activity in different parts of the brain
C) usually seen in the same person over time
D) based primarily on age and gender

Question 48

Brenda looked at her new class of three-year-olds. Without knowing anything about them, research tells Brenda that the temperament of the largest number of these children is most likely to be ______.

A) difficult
B) easy
C) slow-to-warm-up
D) unclassifiable

Question 49

Linnea just joined your preschool class. Anytime a parent or other adult enters the room, she runs up and hugs them and then follows them around chatting. This makes the adults and other children feel awkward. What condition most likely accounts for Linnea's behavior?

A) easy temperament
B) attachment disorder
C) difficult temperament
D) sensory deficit

Question 50

The two extremes caused by attachment disorder include a child ______.

A) being overly friendly or overly withdrawn around adults
B) developing unnaturally high or unnaturally low academic ability
C) developing a very difficult or very easy temperament
D) attaining a very short or very tall physical stature

Question 51

An action that hurts a child is classified as being aggressive if ______.

A) one child is more powerful than another
B) it has happened before
C) it is intentional
D) multiple children are at fault

Question 52

Which of the following actions would be classified as aggressive?

A) Tracee does a flip after being told not to and accidentally kicks an infant.
B) Raj angrily throws a ball, which bounces wildly and strikes Lucas.
C) Elon is jealous of Eliza, so he pulls her out her chair by her hair.
D) Bonn and Devin are wrestling, and Devin bumps his head on the desk.

Question 53

Why are a variety of factors considered in order to determine if a child has acted with aggression?

A) because it is hard to see how someone was actually harmed
B) because it is hard to observe intent to harm someone
C) because there is no way to define aggression
D) because most children who witness aggression are untruthful

Question 54

Which of the following is an example of bullying?

A) Five-year-old Jackie has a bad morning, so she shoves three-year-old Max.
B) Five-year-old Betty calls three-year-old Micah names and shoves him every day.
C) Two children the same size and age fight over crayons almost weekly.
D) Toddler Riley indiscriminately bites people in her childcare facility

Question 55

In your morning preschool class, Charles has been constantly teased by Olivia because he wears a hearing aid. You have just found out about the bullying. Which of the following strategies would be an appropriate way to help Charles deal with the situation?

A) Allow him to say mean things back to Olivia if she does not stop.
B) Make Olivia wear a hearing aid for a week to see how it feels.
C) Transfer him to the afternoon class so he has no further contact with Olivia.
D) Suggest that he state a fact, such as, "Yes, my hearing aid helps me hear better."

Question 56

You hear a scream and look up to see a toddler, Cassandra, biting another student. How can you react to this effectively?

A) Demand that Cassandra make an apology to you and the other child.
B) Sternly tell Cassandra that biting is not allowed because it hurts others.
C) Ignore it unless it begins happening more frequently.
D) Notify your supervisor and call in a specialist to handle the situation.

Question 57

Imagine you have just transferred to a new preschool, and you immediately notice Tilford sitting alone and exhibiting traits of extreme shyness. Which of the following techniques might help Tilford deal with his shyness and feel more included?

A) Put Tilford in a play group with older peers.
B) Enter Tilford into a sports competition.
C) Put Tilford into a smaller play group.
D) Seat Tilford at the front of all large group gatherings.

Question 58

The best way to learn about the life of a young child in your class is ______.

A) by asking the child to enact what happens at home
B) through regular contact with the family
C) by sending an email questionnaire to relatives
D) doing an online search for the names of family members

Question 59

When you speak with families of your young students, you should tell them that guidance is ______.

A) a one-time opportunity
B) mainly centered on establishing discipline
C) mainly their responsibility, not yours
D) focused on teaching inner control

Question 60

As an early childhood educator, you will likely find that while you are focusing on ______, parents are focusing on ______.

A) guidance; discipline
B) discipline; guidance
C) discipline; problem-solving
D) competitive games; guidance

Question 61

Guidance requires a punitive response to poor behavior.

Question 62

Punishment shows what should not be done but ignores what should be done.

Question 63

Punishment relies on correction rather than retribution.

Question 64

The behavior management approach is derived from the work of Alfred Adler.

Question 65

An encouraging classroom uses democratic life skills as goals.

Question 66

Reinforcement is a type of attention.

Question 67

The time-out strategy can be overused.

Question 68

Young girls are typically one year behind boys developmentally.

Question 69

Unexplainable bruises may be a sign of child abuse.

Question 70

The CSEFEL program can be useful for a constantly out-of-control child.

Question 71

Sensory deficit is often marked by issues in vision and hearing.

Question 72

More than 90% of children have easy temperaments.

Question 73

Young children usually develop a secure attachment to the mother.

Question 74

Aggression refers to harming others for any reason.

Question 75

Bullying involves repeated behaviors and unequal power.

Question 76

Shy children fare better in large groups.

Question 77

Parents rarely ask teachers about child behavior in formal settings.

Question 78

What happens at home greatly influences the behavior of children at school.

Question 79

Parents often need reassurance that they are doing a good job.

Question 80

Teachers should emphasize discipline when discussing guidance with parents.