Deck 7: Smoking and Alcohol Abuse

Question 1

Men are more likely to smoke than women are.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

More people die as a result of smoking cigarettes than as a result of car accidents, fires, suicides, and homicides combined.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

As many as 97% of smokers who try to quit on their own return to smoking within 6 months

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Large-scale mass media approaches to preventing smoking are generally very effective.

Question 5

People with less than a high school degree are more likely to consume alcohol than are college graduates.

Question 6

People who drink light to moderate amounts of alcohol have better health than those who drink heavily and those who do not drink at all.

Question 7

Alcohol use is frequently portrayed in G-rates animated films such as Pinocchio, and Beauty and the Beast.

Question 8

Drunken invincibility refers to the state in which individuals under the influence of alcohol make decisions based on salient short-term concerns while ignoring longer-term consequences of their behavior.

Question 9

The link between genes and alcoholism is stronger for men than for women

Question 10

Adolescents who smoke tend to be introverted.

Question 11

After exposure to smoking in feature films, teenagers develop greater intentions to smoke.

Question 12

Based on statistics of the American population, who is most likely to be a smoker?

A) Tonya, a middle-aged White woman
B) Orest, a 25 year-old White man
C) Carl, a 34 year-old African American
D) Cathy, a 42 year-old Asian women

Question 13

Which of the following is the leading cause of preventable mortality in the United States?

A) Smoking
B) Suicides
C) Alcohol
D) Car Accidents

Question 14

Smoking has been linked to all of the following health problems EXCEPT?

A) Impotence
B) Emphysema
C) Miscarriages
D) AIDS/HIV

Question 15

________ refers to the condition in which a person has a physical and psychological dependence on a given substance, such as cigarettes, alcohol, or caffeine.

A) Addiction
B) Tolerance
C) Initiation
D) Peer-pressure

Question 16

The ________ model predicts that smoking is rewarding only when the level of nicotine is ________ a certain "set point" in the body.

A) nicotine regulation; below
B) nicotine regulation; above
C) nicotine fixed-effect; above
D) nicotine fixed-effect; below

Question 17

Phil is an avid gambler who really enjoys playing blackjack at the casino. Based on the Affect regulation model, when is Phil most likely to light up a cigarette?

A) Before placing his bet (i.e., when there is little stress).
B) After winning a big hand at the poker table (i.e., when the outcome is already decided)
C) When the dealer is about to flip over the card he asked for (i.e., when the outcome is in question)
D) When the dealer has lost (i.e., the outcome is not in question).

Question 18

All of the following are components of social influence programs for the prevention of smoking in adolescents EXCEPT?

A) They inform teenagers about the immediate physiological and social consequences of smoking such as the financial cost of smoking, and having bad breath and teeth.
B) They attempt to the appeal of adolescents' appeal for independence by pointing out the manipulative nature of cigarette ads.
C) They emphasize that many adolescents are against smoking
D) They emphasize long term consequences of smoking such as lung cancer and even death.

Question 19

________ programs are based on the assumption that adolescents who lack self-esteem and self confidence are at a ________ risk of smoking

A) Life skills training; lower
B) Life skills training; greater
C) Social influence; lower
D) Social influence; greater

Question 20

Which of the following is the most effective government program and decreasing smoking in the teenage population?

A) Restricting cigarette advertising
B) Banning smoking in public places
C) Providing Medicaid patients with medication that helps in smoking cessation
D) Increasing the cost of cigarettes

Question 21

Which of the following is least likely to be successful in an attempt to quit smoking?

A) Pam, who smokes less than a pack of cigarettes a day
B) Paul, who smokes less than a pack of cigarettes a day
C) Kim, who smokes more than a pack of cigarettes a day
D) Jason, who smokes more than a pack of cigarettes a day

Question 22

________ strategies to smoking cessation focus on identifying those situations that lead people to smoke and then teaching people strategies to resist temptation.

A) Self-management
B) Aversion therapy
C) Response substitution
D) Contingency-contracting

Question 23

In an attempt to quit smoking Corey has been instructed to go for a walk after dinner instead of smoking, or to chew gum whenever he has the urge to smoke a cigarette. This is an example of what type of smoking cessation strategy?

A) Stimulus control
B) Response substitution
C) Aversion therapy
D) Contingency-contracting approach

Question 24

The ________ uses the promise of a reward to encourage smoking cessation. This is based on the _________ conditioning approach to learning.

A) contingency-contracting approach; operant
B) contingency-contracting approach; classical
C) aversion therapy approach; operant
D) aversion therapy approach; classical

Question 25

Which ethnic group has the higher reported rate of alcohol consumption?

A) European Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) African Americans
D) Asian Americans

Question 26

________ involves both psychological and physical dependence, whereas ________ involves only psychological dependence.

A) Problem drinking; alcoholism
B) Alcoholism; problem drinking
C) High tolerance; alcoholism
D) High tolerance; problem drinking

Question 27

Alcohol use ________ the association between attitudes and behaviors.

A) increases
B) does not impact
C) reduces
D) All of the above

Question 28

Which of the following terms refers to a feeling that a person in invulnerable to the dangers he or she might normally experience?

A) Drunken invincibility
B) Liquid courage in a bottle
C) Alcohol invincibility
D) Alcohol myopia

Question 29

Based on prior research, which of these groups of people should have the lowest death rates?

A) Non-drinkers
B) Light drinkers (two or fewer drinks per day)
C) Moderate drinkers (three to five drinks per day)
D) Heavy drinkers (six or more drinks per day)

Question 30

According to ________ theory, people drink alcohol to cope with or regulate negative moods, including feelings of tension, anxiety, and nervousness.

A) social learning
B) cognitive
C) tension-reduction
D) mood manipulation

Question 31

Individuals under the influence of alcohol usually make decisions based on ________ concerns while ignoring __________ consequences of their behavior.

A) long-term; short-term
B) short-term; long-term
C) obtrusive; salient
D) salient; obtrusive

Question 32

All of the following have been found to be associated with alcoholism EXCEPT?

A) low scores of harm avoidance
B) high rates of anxiety
C) extraversion
D) high scores of control

Question 33

Based on research, which of the following characteristics is associated with showing the greatest benefits from Alcoholics Anonymous?

A) people who are highly sociable
B) those with high levels of education
C) people who are not highly sociable
D) None of the above - AA is not very effective in general

Question 34

________ is sometimes given to recovering alcoholics which causes them to experience extreme nausea if they drink alcohol.

A) Antabuse
B) Emetine
C) Caffeine
D) Nicotine

Question 35

These type of programs focus on helping alcoholics become aware of their expectations about the benefits of drinking, as well as the factors and situations that lead them to drink.

A) Social learning programs
B) Cognitive-behavioral programs
C) Detoxification programs
D) Insight-orientated programs

Question 36

________ focuses on helping people understand their motivations for drinking, such as feeling negatively about themselves or coping with various problems in their lives.

A) Social learning programs
B) Detoxification programs
C) Insight-orientated psychotherapy
D) Tension-reduction programs

Question 37

According to research, who will be most successful in their attempt to quit smoking?

A) Rose, who smokes a pack a day
B) Donna, who has 23 friends, 21 of whom are smokers
C) Martha, a medical resident at the local hospital
D) Amy, who lost her job and heading to the pub to meet up with friends

Question 38

According to research, who is most likely to binge drink?

A) László, 14 year old native Hungarian who just moved to the US
B) Chris, a 14 year old native Scotsman, living in the UK
C) Shawn, a 16 year old Irish native, living in Ireland
D) Jonathan, a 16 year old American, living in the US

Question 39

In a study examining the effects of alcohol, researchers randomly assigned half of the participants to drink a high dose of alcohol and the others to drink no alcohol and then read a bunch of sentences (e.g., "she cut him off in traffic") and interpret whether the actions were done intentionally or unintentionally. They found those who were drunk were more likely to:

A) not understand the questions asked.
B) see acts as accidental or unintentional.
C) see acts as intentional.
D) have difficulty judging fault.

Question 40

According to social learning theory who is most likely to experience problems caused by alcohol:

A) Rory, whose parents both have problems with alcohol
B) Mickey, whose parents have lenient attitudes toward alcohol
C) Craig, whose older brother drinks heavily on a regular basis
D) all of the above

Question 41

Describe two factors that help prevent smoking, and then two factors that help people quit smoking.

Question 42

Describe three different models explaining why people continue to smoke over time.

Question 43

Describe four different theories of alcohol use and abuse.

Question 44

Describe four distinct techniques for helping someone stop problem drinking.

Question 45

You've been hired as a health educator at a local college. What two types of programs would you develop to help prevent alcohol use.

Question 46

Describe two psychological factors that lead to the initiation of smoking.

Question 47

In class we discussed 3 theories that specifically try to explain why people smoke. Choose ONE of these theories, explain it, and then provide an example of a PRIMARY prevention program that could be created based upon this theory to reduce smoking.

Question 48

Describe 3 methods for smoking prevention.

Question 49

Research suggests that the link between alcohol use and health is a U-shaped curve. What does this mean?