Deck 3: Fetal Development

Question 1

A patient asks the nurse when her infant's heart will begin to pump blood.What will the nurse reply?

A) By the end of week 3
B) Beginning in week 8
C) At the end of week 16
D) Beginning in week 24

Answer 1

By the end of week 3

Question 2

What complication can result from untreated respiratory distress in the newborn?

A) Esophageal atresia
B) Gastric dilation
C) Cold stress
D) Reopening of the foramen ovale

Answer 2

Reopening of the foramen ovale

Question 3

At what point in prenatal development do the lungs begin to produce surfactant?

A) 17 weeks
B) 20 weeks
C) 25 weeks
D) 30 weeks

Answer 3

25 weeks

Question 4

Which hormone is responsible for converting the endometrium into decidual cells for implantation?

A) Estrogen
B) Human chorionic gonadotropin
C) Human placental lactogen
D) Progesterone

Question 5

When preparing to teach a class about prenatal development,the nurse would include information about folic acid supplementation.What is folic acid known to prevent?

A) Congenital heart defects
B) Neural tube defects
C) Mental retardation
D) Premature birth

Question 6

What organ does the ductus venosus shunt blood away from in fetal circulation?

A) Liver
B) Heart
C) Lungs
D) Kidneys

Question 7

A woman who is 25 weeks pregnant asks the nurse what her fetus looks like.What does the nurse explain is one physical characteristic present in a 25-week-old fetus?

A) Lanugo covering the body
B) Constant motion
C) Skin that is pink and smooth
D) Eyes that are closed

Question 8

A woman missed her menstrual period 1 week ago and has come to the doctor's office for a pregnancy test.Which placental hormone is measured in pregnancy tests?

A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen
C) Human chorionic gonadotropin
D) Human placental lactogen

Question 9

The school nurse is counseling a group of adolescent girls.What does the nurse explain about sperm ejaculated near the cervix?

A) They are destroyed by the acidic pH of the vagina.
B) They survive up to 5 days and can cause pregnancy.
C) They lose their motility in about 12 hours after intercourse.
D) They are usually pushed out of the vagina by the muscular action of the vaginal wall.

Question 10

The nurse is presenting a conference on gene dominance.What does the nurse report as the percentage of children carrying the dominant gene if one parent has a dominant gene and the other parent does not?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%

Question 11

During an ultrasound,two amnions and two placentas are observed.What will be the most likely result of this pregnancy?

A) Dizygotic twins
B) Monozygotic twins
C) Conjoined twins
D) High birth-weight twins

Question 12

What is the embryonic membrane that contains fingerlike projections on its surface,which attach to the uterine wall?

A) Amnion
B) Yolk sac
C) Chorion
D) Decidua basalis

Question 13

The embryo is termed a fetus at which stage of prenatal development?

A) 2 weeks
B) 4 weeks
C) 9 weeks
D) 16 weeks

Question 14

What is the total number of chromosomes contained in a mature sperm or ovum?

A) 22
B) 23
C) 44
D) 46

Question 15

A pregnant woman states,"My husband hopes I will give him a boy because we have three girls." What will the nurse explain to this woman?

A) The sex chromosome of the fertilized ovum determines the gender of the child.
B) When the sperm and ovum are united, there is a 75% chance the child will be a girl.
C) When the pH of the female reproductive tract is acidic, the child will be a girl.
D) If a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes an ovum, then a boy is produced.

Question 16

What is the most common site for fertilization?

A) Lower segment of the uterus
B) Outer third of the fallopian tube near the ovary
C) Upper portion of the uterus
D) Area of the fallopian tube farthest from the ovary

Question 17

The nurse is educating a class of expectant parents about fetal development.What is considered fetal age of viability?

A) 14 weeks
B) 20 weeks
C) 25 weeks
D) 30 weeks

Question 18

Where is the usual location for implantation of the zygote?

A) Upper section of the posterior uterine wall
B) Lower portion of the uterus near the cervical os
C) Inner third of the fallopian tube near the uterus
D) Lateral aspect of the uterine wall

Question 19

The nurse explains that the birth weight of monozygotic twins is frequently below average.What is the most likely cause?

A) Inadequate space in the uterus
B) Inadequate blood supply
C) Inadequate maternal health
D) Inadequate placental nutrition

Question 20

The nurse is reviewing fetal circulation with a pregnant patient and explains that blood circulates through the placenta to the fetus.What vessel(s)carry blood to the fetus?

A) One umbilical vein
B) Two umbilical veins
C) One umbilical artery
D) Two umbilical arteries

Question 21

The normal volume of amniotic fluid is approximately _______________ mL at 37 weeks' gestation.

Question 22

Organize the developmental stages in the correct order.Put a comma and space between each answer choice (a,b,c,d,etc.)

A) Fetus
B) Zygote
C) Embryo
D) Blastocyst
E) Morula

Question 23

A nurse is teaching a lesson on fetal development to a class of high school students and explains the primary germ layers.What are the germ layers?

A) Ectoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) Plastoderm
E) Blastoderm

Question 24

The component of development that programs the genetic code into the nucleus of the cell is ____________.

Question 25

What are the functions of amniotic fluid?

A) Maintaining an even temperature
B) Impeding excessive fetal movement
C) Lubricating fetal skin
D) Acting as a reservoir for nutrients
E) Acting as a cushion for the fetus

Question 26

Put the embryonic/fetal characteristics in the correct order of occurrence from week 3 to week 36 of gestation.Put a comma and space between each answer choice (a,b,c,d,etc.)

A) Subcutaneous fat is present.
B) Bone marrow forms blood cells.
C) Spinal cord and brain appear.
D) Skull and jaw ossify.
E) Neural tube closes.

Question 27

The nurse explains that prior to fertilization each cell is reduced from 46 chromosomes to 23 chromosomes.This is referred to as the __________ number.

Question 28

A couple just learned they are expecting their first child and are curious if they are having a boy or a girl.At what point of development can the couple first expect to see the sex of their child on ultrasound?

A) 4 weeks' gestational age
B) 6 weeks' gestational age
C) 10 weeks' gestational age
D) 16 weeks' gestational age

Question 29

The vessels comprising the umbilical cord are cushioned and protected by a substance called ___________ _____________.

Question 30

Of what is the normal umbilical cord comprised?

A) 1 artery carrying blood to the fetus and 1 vein carrying blood away from the fetus
B) 1 artery carrying blood to the fetus and 2 veins carrying blood away from the fetus
C) 2 arteries carrying blood away from the fetus and 1 vein carrying blood to the fetus
D) 2 arteries carrying blood to the fetus and 2 veins carrying blood away from the fetus

Question 31

What does the nurse explain can affect the survival of the X- and Y-bearing sperm after intercourse?

A) Age
B) Estrogen level
C) Body temperature
D) Level of feminine hygiene

Question 32

What part of the fetal body derives from the mesoderm?

A) Nails
B) Oil glands
C) Muscles
D) Lining of the bladder

Question 33

A patient at the obstetric office has just learned she is pregnant with dizygotic twins.What facts will the nurse include when educating this patient?

A) Dizygotic twins are the same sex.
B) Dizygotic twins share a placenta.
C) Dizygotic pregnancies tend to repeat in families.
D) Dizygotic twins have separate chorions.
E) Dizygotic twin incidence decreases with maternal age.