Deck 2: Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

The labia majora__________.

A) are large fleshy folds of skin that run downward from the mons along the sides of the vulva.
B) come together to form the prepuce.
C) are thinner, inner folds of flesh just outside the vaginal opening.
D) have many nerve endings and are primary sources of sexual stimulations.

Answer 1

are large fleshy folds of skin that run downward from the mons along the sides of the vulva.

Question 2

Cavernous structures that extend downward along the sides of the introitus that swell during sexual arousal.

A) corpora cavernosa
B) Bartholin's bulbs
C) vestibular bulbs
D) pubic-clitoral attachments

Answer 2

vestibular bulbs

Question 3

Glands that lie just inside the minor lip and secrete fluid just before orgasm.

A) corpora cavernosa
B) Bartholin's bulbs
C) vestibular bulbs
D) pubic-clitoral attachments

Answer 3

Bartholin's bulbs

Question 4

The tubular female sex organ that contains the penis during sexual intercourse and through which a baby is born.

A) vagina
B) vulva
C) vestibule
D) introitus

Question 5

The primary cause of cervical cancer is __________.

A) infection with syphilis.
B) infection with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS).
C) infection with gonorrhea.
D) infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV).

Question 6

The Pap test is recommended for all women __________.

A) between the ages of 13 and 75 years old.
B) between the ages of 21 and 65 years old.
C) under the age of 21.
D) over the age of 65.

Question 7

Which type of cancer does the Pap test screen for?

A) vaginal
B) uterine
C) cervical
D) vulvar

Question 8

The hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ in which a fertilized ovum implants and develops until birth.

A) vulva
B) vagina
C) fallopian tubes
D) uterus

Question 9

__________ is the uppermost part of the uterus.

A) fundus
B) endometrium
C) myometrium
D) perimetrium

Question 10

Which is a risk factor in developing endometrial cancer?

A) use of birth control pills
B) pregnancy
C) exercise
D) increased number of menstrual cycle during one's lifetime

Question 11

Which factor may help protect against endometrial cancer?

A) hormone replacement therapy
B) tamoxifen
C) use of birth control pills
D) diabetes

Question 12

Approximately, how long are the fallopian tubes?

A) 2 inches in length
B) 4 inches in length
C) 6 inches in length
D) longer than 6 inches in length

Question 13

A steroid hormone secreted by the corpus luteum or prepared synthetically that stimulates proliferation of the endometrium and is involved in regulation of the menstrual cycle.

A) estrogen
B) testosterone
C) progesterone
D) cortisol

Question 14

Which is a risk factor for ovarian cancer?

A) having had children
B) obesity
C) breast feeding
D) use of aspirin or acetaminophen

Question 15

Which factor appears to lower one's risk of ovarian cancer?

A) use of androgens
B) use of talcum powder in the genital region
C) obesity
D) use of aspirin or acetaminophen

Question 16

A hysterectomy is the __________ most commonly performed operation on women in the United States.

A) fourth
B) third
C) second
D) first

Question 17

A partial hysterectomy is __________.

A) surgical removal of the uterus.
B) surgical removal of the uterus and the ovaries.
C) surgical removal of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
D) surgical removal of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.

Question 18

Each breast contact __________ clusters of milk-producing mammary glands.

A) 5 to 10
B) 15 to 20
C) 25 to 35
D) 40 to 60

Question 19

The dark ring on the breast that encircles the nipple is called __________.

A) mammary glands
B) fatty tissue
C) areola
D) glandular tissue

Question 20

What is a special type of X-ray test that detects cancerous lumps in the breast?

A) mastectomy
B) mammography
C) lumpectomy
D) pap-test

Question 21

After a breast cancer diagnosis, Mary had her entire breast surgically removed. This procedure is called a __________.

A) pap-smear test
B) lumpectomy
C) mammography
D) mastectomy

Question 22

Which factor may increase a woman's risk of breast cancer?

A) alcohol consumption
B) physical activity
C) being underweight
D) low breast density

Question 23

Christina is a 30 year old woman. How often does the American Cancer Society recommend that she have a Clinical breast exam (CBE) performed?

A) preferably every three years
B) preferably every year
C) it is optional
D) every two years

Question 24

Ann is 65 years old woman. How often does the American Cancer Society recommend that she have a Mammogram done?

A) every three years
B) every two years
C) a woman should decide for herself how often she should have a mammogram
D) every five years

Question 25

During this stage in the menstrual cycle, estrogen levels increase, causing the ripening of perhaps 10 to 20 ova within their follicles and the proliferation of endometrial tissue in the uterus.

A) first stage of the menstrual cycle
B) second stage of the menstrual cycle
C) third stage of the menstrual cycle
D) fourth state of the menstrual cycle

Question 26

Erin is in a stage of her menstrual cycle when estrogen reaches peak blood levels, and ovulation occurs. Which stage is she in?

A) The first stage of the menstrual cycle
B) The second stage of the menstrual cycle
C) The third stage of the menstrual cycle
D) The fourth state of the menstrual cycle

Question 27

What causes the endometrium to thicken so it will be able to support an embryo if fertilization occurs?

A) estrogen
B) testosterone
C) cortisol
D) progesterone

Question 28

What is the structure near the center of the brain that is involved in regulating body temperature, motivation, and emotion?

A) testes
B) pituitary gland
C) hypothalamus
D) endocrine glands

Question 29

It secretes growth hormone, prolactin, oxytocin, and others.

A) testes
B) pituitary gland
C) hypothalamus
D) endocrine glands

Question 30

The male sex hormone that fosters the development of male sex characteristics and is connected with sex drive.

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) testosterone
D) oxytocin

Question 31

A gonadotropin that helps regulate the menstrual cycle by triggering ovulation.

A) prolactin
B) oxytocin
C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 32

What is the first stage of the menstrual cycle, which begins with the end of menstruation and last about nine or ten days?

A) proliferative phase
B) ovulatory phase
C) secretary phase
D) menstrual phase

Question 33

What is the second stage of the menstrual cycle, during which a follicle ruptures and releases a mature ovum?

A) proliferative phase
B) ovulatory phase
C) secretary phase
D) menstrual phase

Question 34

The third phase of the menstrual cycle, which follows ovulation. It is also known as the luteal phase.

A) proliferative phase
B) ovulatory phase
C) secretary phase
D) menstrual phase

Question 35

What is the fourth phase of the menstrual cycle, during which the endometrium is sloughed off in the menstrual flow?

A) proliferative phase
B) ovulatory phase
C) secretary phase
D) menstrual phase

Question 36

Menopause commonly last for __________.

A) one year
B) two years
C) three years
D) five years or longer

Question 37

A condition caused by long-term estrogen deficiency that is characterized by a decline in bone density, such that bones become porous and brittle.

A) bone cancer
B) climacteric
C) osteoporosis
D) Parkinson's

Question 38

Which of the following is correct about levels of LDL and HDL during menopause?

A) Levels of LDL and HDL both rise during menopause.
B) Levels of LDL and HDL both decrease during menopause.
C) Levels of LDL rise and levels of HDL decrease during menopause.
D) Levels of LDL decrease and levels of HDL rise during menopause.

Question 39

What is the most common manifestation of dysmenorrheal?

A) headache
B) backache
C) nausea
D) pelvic cramps

Question 40

What is the lack of menstruation in a woman who has previously menstruated called?

A) primary amenorrhea
B) secondary amenorrhea
C) premenstrual syndrome
D) primary dysmenorrhea

Question 41

__________ is a combination of physical and psychological symptoms that regularly afflicts many women during the four-to-six day interval that precedes their menses each month.

A) primary amenorrhea
B) secondary amenorrhea
C) premenstrual syndrome
D) primary dysmenorrhea

Question 42

Drinking too much water can cause urinary tract infections.

Question 43

Douche and feminine deodorant sprays may help to decrease a woman's chances of infection.

Question 44

Vaginitis refers to any vaginal inflammation, whether it is caused by infection, birth control pills, etc.

Question 45

Women with vaginitis are encouraged to wear nylon underwear.

Question 46

The cervix is the upper end of the uterus.

Question 47

The endometrium is the innermost layer of the uterus.

Question 48

Hormone replacement therapy increases a woman's chances of endometrial cancer.

Question 49

A low-fat diet increases a woman's chances of endometrial cancer.

Question 50

Use of an intrauterine device (IUD) may be a factor in protecting against endometrial cancer.

Question 51

About 25% of pregnancies are ectopic pregnancies.

Question 52

The typical age ovarian cancer is most likely to happen is between 40 and 70.

Question 53

Ovarian cancer is often "silent" in the early stages, showing no obvious signs or symptoms.

Question 54

The Pap test is useful in detecting cervical and ovarian cancer.

Question 55

In the United States, one in three women has a hysterectomy by the age of 60.

Question 56

During a partial hysterectomy, the uterus and fallopian tubes are surgically removed.

Question 57

Mara is experiencing severe pain during a pelvic examination. This is considered to be normal.

Question 58

Men can also develop breast cancer.

Question 59

Higher breast density is a factor that increases the risk of breast cancer.

Question 60

Being overweight or obese is a factor that increases the risk of breast cancer.

Question 61

It was once recommended that women conduct breast self-examinations (BSEs) at least once a month, but now the American Cancer Society considers BSEs to be optional.

Question 62

European Americans are more likely to develop breast cancer than African American women.

Question 63

The menstrual cycle averages 21 days.

Question 64

The corpus luteum is the follicle that releases an ovum and then produces copious amounts of progesterone and estrogen during the luteal phase of a woman's cycle.

Question 65

A woman's last menstrual period is known as menarche.

Question 66

The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone, prolactin, oxytocin, and others.

Question 67

Progesterone is the male sex hormone that fosters the development of the male sex characteristics and is connected with sex drive.

Question 68

In the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, a follicle ruptures and releases a mature ovum.

Question 69

A woman's basal body temperatures, taken by oral or rectal thermometer, increase slightly at ovulation.

Question 70

The menstrual phase occurs when decreasing estrogen and progesterone levels can no longer sustain the uterine lining.

Question 71

Warning signs of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) include fever, headache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, rash, and dizziness.

Question 72

During Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), hormones such as estrogen and progestin are administered to alleviate health problems associated with the loss of natural hormones.

Question 73

The connection between estrogen and colon cancer is unclear.

Question 74

Vaginal dryness can be treated with estrogens that are used locally.

Question 75

Drinking milk decreases bone density among girls.

Question 76

Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain or discomfort that is caused by identified organic problems.

Question 77

Secondary dysmenorrheal is menstrual pain or discomfort that occurs in the absence of known organic problems.

Question 78

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation in a woman who has not menstruated by about the age of 16 or 17.

Question 79

Secondary amenorrhea is the lack of menstruation in a woman who has previously menstruated.

Question 80

Severe menstrual symptoms can be secondary to medical disorder such as endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).