Deck 5: Impacts of Neighbourhoods and Housing Conditions on Family Life

Question 1

Suburbs are conceptualized as strictly residential urban areas.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Quebecois have the most interaction with their neighbours, when compared to the rest of Canada.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Children raised in affluent families may feel isolated if their parents are highly involved in their careers.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Research shows that a higher proportion of affluent suburban teens use alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs more often than disadvantaged inner-city teens do.

Question 5

Low-income areas have a negative effect on family life and on individuals'opportunities, even when families are well functioning and not poor.

Question 6

An area is defined as low-income when at least three of every five households, or 60 percent, fall under the poverty level.

Question 7

Communities in which parents are involved in school activities, supervise their children's association with peers, and know other children's parents, are referred to as caring communities.

Question 8

Statistics Canada defines a visible minority neighbourhood as one in which 10 % of the neighbourhood consists of a particular group other than white or Aboriginal.

Question 9

When buying a house, black families are more likely to leave their ethnic enclaves than are Chinese families.

Question 10

Rural areas offer families a better chance of being members of a true community.

Question 11

Farm families tend to be patrilineally oriented rather than matrilineally oriented.

Question 12

The state of maintenance or deterioration of a dwelling basically has no impact on family atmosphere.

Question 13

Condo living is perceived to be ideal for extended families that do not want to live
together but would want to be close to one another.

Question 14

Family life is more open or public than it used to be.

Question 15

Tolerance of overcrowding in households is a function of cultural background and
expectations.

Question 16

For children in two-parent families moving residence will negatively affect their school performance.

Question 17

What is one consequence of the intense income segregation for poor families?

A) Low-income families will have increased access to social capital.
B) Low-income families will have no access to the same services enjoyed by affluent families.
C) Low-income families will suffer extreme poverty and deprivation.
D) Low-income families will have a greater influence to advocate for the services they require.
E) Low-income families will be forced to commute to affluent areas to access various services.

Question 18

Families living in _________ have the most interaction with neighbours.

A) Quebec and Saskatchewan
B) Quebec and the Maritimes
C) Saskatchewan and Manitoba
D) the Maritimes and Manitoba
E) Saskatchewan and the Maritimes

Question 19

What is a major characteristic or feature of lower-upper class families?

A) They are descended from the upper-upper class.
B) Their heads are top executives of large corporations.
C) They own or manage a majority of the means of production in society.
D) They are highly educated persons working at the top positions of the civil service
E) They hold assets in the form of real estate, stocks, bonds, and businesses.

Question 20

Affluent families represent approximately

A) 5 % of the families in Canada.
B) 15 % of the families in Canada.
C) 25 % of the families in Canada.
D) 40 % of the families in Canada.
E) 45 % of the families in Canada.

Question 21

The few studies that have been done on adolescents in affluent families indicate that

A) they have higher rates of anxiety, depression and drug use than adolescents from disadvantaged families living in the inner city.
B) they have lower rates of anxiety, depression and drug use than adolescents from disadvantaged families living in the inner city.
C) they have a higher involvement in their neighbourhood communities than adolescents from disadvantaged families living in the inner city.
D) they have the same level of involvement in their neighbourhood communities as adolescents from disadvantaged families living in the inner city.
E) they tend to reside outside of their neighbourhoods most of the time as the majority of them are educated in private boarding schools.

Question 22

In affluent families, parents who tend to be materialistic, heavily involved in their careers, permissive, and often absent

A) also monitor their children's activities to a high degree.
B) have the resources to hire non-family members to supervise their children.
C) do not engage in collective socialization of children.
D) isolate their children from potentially dysfunctional peers.
E) enrol their children in numerous activities outside the home and neighbourhood.

Question 23

Low-income families who move into a low-income neighbourhood tend to remain locked in for an average of ___ years.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15
E) 25

Question 24

Statistics Canada defines a neighbourhood as low-income when

A) at least 4 out of every 5 families has an income which falls under the poverty level.
B) at least 3 out of every 5 families has an income which falls under the poverty level.
C) at least 2 out of every 5 families has an income which falls under the poverty level.
D) at least 1 out of every 5 families has an income which falls under the poverty level.
E) the majority of families have incomes under the poverty level.

Question 25

Studies have shown that there is a correlation between juvenile delinquency and

A) low supervision.
B) two-parent families.
C) affluent neighbourhoods.
D) availability of disposable income.
E) the availability of social services in the neighbourhood.

Question 26

The basic risk factor of high-poverty areas for children is

A) unemployment.
B) lack of a functional community.
C) criminal victimization.
D) visible differences among peers.
E) inadequate socialization.

Question 27

What specifically are Steinberg and colleagues referring to when they state that "parenting appears to be more than the individualistic process that contemporary society makes it out to be," they are directing our attention to

A) single parenting.
B) schools.
C) the necessity for collective socialization.
D) the possibility of mainstream socialization.
E) the involvement of peer groups in socialization.

Question 28

_____ refers to those social ties within the community that make possible the collective supervision and socialization of children according to shared norms and behaviours.

A) social control.
B) collective efficacy.
C) caring community.
D) social order.
E) nosy neighbour syndrome.

Question 29

An example of _____ is when a certain percentage of affluent neighbours raises a child's chances of doing better in school.

A) functional community.
B) social acceptability.
C) critical mass.
D) mainstream socialization.
E) collective socialization.

Question 30

In well-functioning families in high-risk areas

A) there is a higher level of parent-child conflict.
B) children are given more freedom to go out.
C) parents have only one child.
D) parents monitor their children very closely.
E) there is a high degree of involvement of extended kin.

Question 31

When the income of black families increase, they

A) move out of minority neighbourhoods.
B) stay in minority neighbourhoods.
C) move to primarily black neighbourhoods.
D) move to neighbourhoods which have a high proportion of minority groups.
E) develop ethnic enclaves.

Question 32

Under what conditions is segregation by choice among ethnic groups most likely to
Occur?

A) When they have higher levels of economic capital.
B) When they have lower levels of economic capital.
C) When unemployment rates are higher than usual.
D) When their cultural differences outweigh their cultural similarities.
E) When they mingle in dense urban centres.

Question 33

At the social level, homelessness is largely the result of

A) segregation.
B) alcoholism.
C) a lack of affordable housing.
D) lack of schools.
E) unemployment.

Question 34

At the personal level, one of the main causes of homelessness is

A) addiction to drugs and/or alcohol.
B) divorce.
C) minority-group membership.
D) criminality.
E) unemployment.

Question 35

Women and their children most often become homeless as a result of

A) substance abuse on the part of the mothers.
B) psychiatric problems.
C) unemployment.
D) domestic violence.
E) divorce or separation.

Question 36

Deinstitutionalization refers to

A) the lack of shelters available to the homeless.
B) the trend towards not caring for the mentally ill in institutions but leaving them within the community.
C) the institutionalization of poverty whereby poverty is normalized.
D) the lack of social policy on the provision of affordable housing.
E) the creation of shelters for the poor.

Question 37

Mothers experience a great deal of difficulty parenting effectively when they experience homelessness. This is primarily because

A) of psychiatric problems.
B) of drug and alcohol addictions.
C) they have no control over daily routines of family life when living in shelters.
D) of learned helplessness.
E) their children lose respect for them and they cannot control them.

Question 38

For children, the two consistent consequences of homelessness are

A) emotional and behavioural problems.
B) drug and alcohol addictions.
C) ill health and school problems.
D) poverty and parental unemployment.
E) isolation from peers and criminality.

Question 39

What health problems are homeless children most susceptible to?

A) Respiratory illnesses
B) Flues and viruses
C) Accidents
D) Malnutrition
E) Depression and anxiety

Question 40

What are two reasons for why homeless children find it difficult to do well in school?

A) Changing schools frequently and a lack of supportive peer relationships
B) Changing schools frequently and a lack of resources for school supplies
C) A lack of peer relationships and a lack of resources for school supplies
D) A lack of interest and a need to work at odd jobs
E) A lack of nutrition and a need to work at odd jobs

Question 41

Which extended family members play an important role in rural families?

A) siblings
B) uncles and aunts
C) maternal grandparents
D) paternal grandparents
E) first cousins

Question 42

The daily activities of farm families differ according to

A) their proximity to urban areas.
B) their economic circumstances, the crops produced, and the level of technology used.
C) the size of the farm and the number of family members it supports.
D) the level of technology used and the crops produced.
E) the number of generations farming the same land.

Question 43

Which adult functions may children as young as 12 perform on a farm?

A) managing the farm budget
B) purchasing large farm equipment
C) purchasing livestock at auction
D) purchasing land for the farm
E) operating large farm machinery

Question 44

Approximately ___percent of Canadian households own a vacation home.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 7
D) 10
E) 15

Question 45

Which type of housing arrangements would most likely result in less sharing of familial space and feelings of loneliness?

A) A mansion
B) A mobile home.
C) A vacation home.
D) A farm house.
E) A. condo.

Question 46

Families in which members struggle to maintain personal hygiene and often contract contagious illnesses are probably experiencing

A) poverty.
B) depression and anxiety.
C) overcrowded housing.
D) educational deficiencies.
E) lack of appropriate socialization.

Question 47

_____ describes when families move from one home to another.

A) Downward mobility
B) Upward mobility
C) Regional mobility
D) Residential mobility
E) Social mobility

Question 48

Which of the following family descriptions would be typical for Canadian families who live in mobile homes?

A) a small, low-income family where the couple each has less than a high school diploma.
B) a large low-income family with parents who have a high school diploma.
C) a low-income single parent family.
D) a large middle class family who has migrated from the city to a rural town.
E) a small, middle class family with parents who have a university degree.

Question 49

When divorced families relocate, they tend to

A) go from being owners to renters.
B) leave their children at their school.
C) remain in the same neighbourhood.
D) move into a comparable home.
E) move from houses to apartments.

Question 50

When families relocate after divorce, children incur four primary losses. What are these losses?

A) the family home, the neighbourhood to which they are accustomed, and their friends
B) the old family structure, the family home, and their friends
C) a secure family income, their friends, and the family home
D) the familiar neighbourhood, the family home, and a secure family income
E) the familiar neighbourhood, the family home, and a sense of security

Question 51

When relocating, the children's experience is less problematic if

A) both parents are actively involved in their children's adjustment.
B) mothers are actively involved in their children's adjustment.
C) fathers are actively involved in their children's adjustment.
D) they have siblings.
E) they move within the same city.

Question 52

During residential moves for career purposes, what might be an advantage for a mother or father becomes a _______________in the children's lives.

A) excitement
B) trauma
C) benefit
D) restriction
E) dislocation

Question 53

Neighbourhood structure and housing conditions reflect a society's values concerning

A) curfews.
B) educational and career aspirations.
C) norms around family structure.
D) social diversity.
E) poverty and unemployment.

Question 54

Describe the challenges faced by children who grow up in affluent households.

Question 55

Many high-poverty neighbourhoods are characterized by social disorganization. What does this mean?

Question 56

Briefly explain how the concept of 'multiple concentration of disadvantages' affects families in low-income areas.

Question 57

Link the concept of critical mass to that of collective socialization.

Question 58

What are the effects of homelessness on mothers and children?

Question 59

Describe the advantages and disadvantages faced by families living in rural and farming communities.