Deck 12: The Nature of Oppression and Anti-Oppressive Policy Development Draft

Question 1

Select a policy from an agency or a government program and discuss each of the critical questions for policy analysis offered on page 197.

Answer 1

No Answer

Question 2

Focusing on Exploitation (one of Young's "five faces of oppression") provide examples of the existence of this type of oppression in your community or province.

Answer 2

No Answer

Question 3

Focusing on Marginalization (one of Young's "five faces of oppression") provide examples of this type of oppression in your community or province.

Answer 3

No Answer

Question 4

Focusing on Powerlessness (one of Young's "five faces of oppression") provide examples of this type of oppression in your community or province.

Question 5

Focusing on Cultural Imperialism (one of Young's "five faces of oppression") provide examples of this type of oppression in your community or province.

Question 6

Focusing on Violence (one of Young's "five faces of oppression") provide examples of this type of oppression in your community or province.

Question 7

Write an essay providing evidence of the impact of some of the "myths of normalcy" that reflect mainstream norms and standards, articulated by Bishop (2002).

Question 8

Discuss how heterosexist privilege is maintained both structurally and culturally.

Question 9

Identify five "primary structures" relevant to oppression.

Question 10

Identify five "secondary structures" relevant to oppression.

Question 11

Describe three factors that might prevent some people from recognizing the privilege they have.

Question 12

What are three divisions demonstrating how people can be marginalized by class, occupation, or service usage?

Question 13

What are three divisions demonstrating how people can be marginalized by race, gender, sexual orientation/sexual identity, ability or age?

Question 14

Recognizing that oppression is very complex, how does Mullaly (2007) believe it can be characterized?

A) "a common set of levels of severity" is experienced by people who experience oppression
B) "a common set of forms of severity" is experienced by people who experience oppression
C) "a common set of dynamics" between the dominant and subordinate groups.
D) "a common set of levels of hostility" between the dominant and subordinate groups

Question 15

Which of the following are "primary structures" (Carniol, 1992)?

A) Patriarchy
B) Religious institutions
C) Schools
D) Media

Question 16

Which of the following are "secondary structures" (Carniol, 1992)?

A) Globalization
B) Heterosexism
C) Racism
D) Family

Question 17

On what three levels does oppression operate?

A) Structurally, culturally and individually
B) Emotionally, physically and mentally
C) Culturally, collectively and on the family level
D) Individual, group and family levels

Question 18

What are three primary assumptions that Anne Bishop (2002) believes structural oppression is based upon?

A) Superiority, inferiority, and inequality
B) Racism, sexism and classism
C) Separation, hierarchy, and competition
D) Exploitation, marginalization and cultural imperialism

Question 19

The exercise of power and the expression of autonomy by people who are oppressed is known as:

A) Denial
B) Aggression
C) Resistance
D) Revolution

Question 20

What can be gained through use of a "reversing technique" whereby the qualities or characteristics of a stereotype are applied to the dominant group according to Mullaly (2002)?

A) Greater empathy on the part of people engaged in oppressive acts
B) Negative stereotypes can be confronted
C) Neutralization of the power of oppression
D) Heightened respect for the oppressed group

Question 21

What did women involved in the second wave of feminism develop, individually and collectively, that has challenged male domination (Saulnier, 1996)?

A) Support Groups
B) A "counter discourse"
C) Collectivities
D) Pay equity

Question 22

What organization, lead by which individual, is recognized for having actively critiqued Canada's economic, health, and environmental policy and programs while addressing human rights issues?

A) The Federal New Democratic Party, lead by Jack Layton
B) The Council of Canadians, lead by Stephen Lewis
C) The Council of Canadians, lead by Maude Barlow
D) The Federal New Democratic Party, lead by Ed Broadbent

Question 23

What is an example of a concept that emphasizes the relevance of meaningful and active participation of individuals whose lives are significantly constrained by oppression?

A) "Affirmative action"
B) "Social inclusion"
C) "Anti-marginalization"
D) "Anti-oppression"

Question 24

One's group affiliation can explain why oppression is experienced by some people and not others.

Question 25

Mullaly's (2007) position is that oppression is most often experienced similarly by individuals.

Question 26

Primary structures are concrete and refer to social institutions and systems.

Question 27

People who could be said to be part of the "mainstream" do not often recognize how they contribute to the oppression of others.

Question 28

It is possible to be oppressed in some aspects of our lives and to be the oppressor in others.

Question 29

People who display differences can be oppressed through discourses that perpetuate stereotypical and pejorative images.

Question 30

For the past 15 years, all levels of government have engaged in a major expansion of social welfare policies, regardless of which government has been in power.

Question 31

The majority of people who struggle with various forms of structural oppression have meaningful opportunities to participate in policy development.

Question 32

Co-authorship of joint narratives giving priority to a diversity of subjects is an unlikely path toward countering the homogenizing tendency of welfare policy.

Question 33

In spite of being inculcated with beliefs and values that make up dominant ideology, it is possible to contribute to the creation of a counter discourse.