Deck 30: Antiemetics

Question 1

A woman is in her first trimester of pregnancy.She tells the primary care nurse practitioner (NP)that she continues to have severe morning sickness on a daily basis.The NP notes a weight loss of 1 pound from her previous visit 2 weeks prior.The NP should consult an obstetrician and prescribe:

A) aprepitant (Emend).
B) ondansetron (Zofran).
C) scopolamine transdermal.
D) prochlorperazine (Compazine).

Answer 1

ondansetron (Zofran).

Question 2

A primary care NP sees a patient 2 days after an outpatient surgical procedure.The patient reports using ondansetron for nausea.The NP notes a blood pressure of 88/56 mm Hg,and the patient reports feeling faint.The NP should suspect:

A) hemorrhage.
B) dehydration.
C) drug toxicity.
D) drug interaction.

Answer 2

drug toxicity.

Question 3

A primary care NP sees a 3-year-old patient who has been vomiting for several days.The child has had fewer episodes of vomiting the past day and is now able to take sips of fluids without vomiting.The child has dry oral mucous membranes,2-second capillary refill,and pale but warm skin.The child's blood pressure is 88/46 mm Hg,the heart rate is 110 beats per minute,and the temperature is 37.2° C.The NP should:

A) prescribe promethazine.
B) prescribe a scopolamine patch.
C) begin oral rehydration therapy.
D) send the child to the hospital for IV fluids.

Answer 3

begin oral rehydration therapy.

Question 4

A primary care NP sees a patient who is about to take a cruise and reports having had motion sickness with nausea on a previous cruise.The NP prescribes the scopolamine transdermal patch and should instruct the patient to apply the patch:

A) daily.
B) every 3 days.
C) as needed for nausea.
D) 1 hour before embarking.

Question 5

A patient is in the clinic complaining of nausea and vomiting that has lasted 2 to 3 days.The patient has dry oral mucous membranes,a blood pressure of 90/56 mm Hg,a pulse of 96 beats per minute,and a temperature of 38.8° C.The primary care NP notes a capillary refill of greater than 3 seconds.The NP should:

A) obtain a complete blood count and serum electrolytes.
B) prescribe a rectal antiemetic medication.
C) admit to the hospital for intravenous (IV) rehydration.
D) encourage the patient to take small, frequent sips of Gatorade.

Question 6

A patient who is about to begin chemotherapy expresses concern to the primary care NP about gastrointestinal side effects of the treatments.The NP should reassure the patient that:

A) most newer chemotherapeutic agents do not cause nausea and vomiting.
B) antiemetics will be administered as needed if nausea and vomiting occur.
C) taking ondansetron before chemotherapy decreases nausea and vomiting.
D) a scopolamine patch is an effective way to prevent nausea and vomiting.

Question 7

A patient reports having episodes of dizziness,nausea,and lightheadedness and describes a sensation of the room spinning when these occur.The primary care NP will refer the patient to a specialist who,after diagnostic testing,is likely to prescribe:

A) meclizine.
B) ondansetron.
C) scopolamine.
D) dimenhydrinate.