Deck 12: Colonialism Modernity and Development

Question 1

The primary shared quest for colonialism was to acquire new territories abroad for all of the following except:

A) discovery.
B) labor.
C) wealth.
D) markets.

Answer 1

discovery.

Question 2

The Zapatista Rebellion broke out in 1994 in response to conditions of dire poverty (and what one researcher calls "internal colonization") in which country?

A) Nicaragua
B) Brazil
C) Mexico
D) Guatemala

Answer 2

Mexico

Question 3

Which of the following statements is not correct?

A) Colonization affected lives all over the world.
B) Decolonization continues today.
C) Anthropologists continue to be interested in colonization.
D) Colonization put an end to culture change in many countries.

Answer 3

Colonization put an end to culture change in many countries.

Question 4

The argument of European advantage based solely on superior weapons and tactics was commonly used in which theoretical approach?

A) Structuralist theories
B) Functionalist theories
C) Social evolutionary theories
D) Military theories

Question 5

Which metal was most commonly used in making European weapons during the colonial era?

A) Stone
B) Steel
C) Bronze
D) Silver

Question 6

Europe had many available domesticated animals during the 16^th century, but South America only had a few. Which of the following is a South American domesticate?

A) Llama
B) Horse
C) Cow
D) Ox

Question 7

Which of the following diseases brought by Europeans to the New World was associated with the highest mortality rates in the 17^th and 18^th centuries?

A) Tuberculosis
B) Dengue fever
C) Syphilis
D) Encephalitis

Question 8

The term "people without history" refers to:

A) monarchies.
B) non-indigenous people.
C) colonized people.
D) people who migrate.

Question 9

Which of the following was most characteristic following colonialism?

A) Re-establishment of local political leaders
B) More widespread development of kinship networks
C) Enhancement of indigenous religious systems
D) Development of new identities

Question 10

The process of cultural and identity change in which one group adopts some of the behavior and tradition of the other (usually dominant) group is called:

A) enculturation.
B) acculturation.
C) decolonization.
D) assimilation.

Question 11

When the culture of one group is completely absorbed into the other, it is referred to as:

A) acculturation.
B) assimilation.
C) enculturation.
D) colonization.

Question 12

Prior to the Spanish colonization of the Pueblos:

A) there were three primary cultural groups-the Hopi, Zuni, and Navajo.
B) cultural groups all lived as nomadic hunters and gatherers.
C) there as widespread warfare and cultural imperialism.
D) there was widespread cultural and linguistic diversity.

Question 13

What was the primary reason that a pan-Indian identity emerged among the Puebloan peoples?

A) They were ascribed to Spanish racial hierarchy as "subjugated peoples."
B) They were highly organized politically to obtain independence.
C) They worked cooperatively to maximize economic profits.
D) They were all from cultural groups that were extremely similar.

Question 14

The major Pueblo Revolt occurred in:

A) 1660.
B) 1680.
C) 1750.
D) 1780.

Question 15

All of the following were major causes of the Pueblo Revolt except:

A) focus on developing an independent indigenous economic system.
B) violent efforts at colonial missionization.
C) harsh colonial punishments for indigenous people.
D) social and political processes aimed at separating and demeaning indigenous people.

Question 16

The Toraja peoples:

A) were victims of genocide and have left little record of their pre-colonial lives.
B) worked on behalf of Dutch colonizers against other indigenous peoples.
C) lost all of their traditions and cultural practices.
D) were able to maintain some of their cultural traditions.

Question 17

The earliest development of a world-system framework began with the publication of The Modern World-System by:

A) Richard Lee.
B) Arnold Bretton.
C) John Marshall.
D) Immanuel Wallerstein.

Question 18

Apartheid was a policy aimed at:

A) racial segregation.
B) assimilation.
C) racial unity.
D) racial enculturation.

Question 19

San peoples today can be found in all of the following countries except:

A) Botswana.
B) Namibia.
C) Kenya.
D) South Africa.

Question 20

During the colonial era, the San were often contracted by colonizers as:

A) hunters.
B) trackers.
C) teachers.
D) chauffeurs.

Question 21

From 1860-1930, there was phenomenal destruction of free-range elephant populations in Africa primarily due to the desire for:

A) ivory to be used as piano keys.
B) ivory to be used as house flooring.
C) challenging large-game hunts for European elites.
D) meat for colonized peoples who were struggling to survive on reservations.

Question 22

Under Apartheid, the San were forced to:

A) live on reservations.
B) be completely assimilated.
C) go abroad into other countries.
D) cohabitate with other indigenous groups.

Question 23

Which U.S. president developed a doctrine to distribute aid worldwide to help in the development of poorer nations following WWII?

A) Lyndon Johnson
B) Jimmy Carter
C) Woodrow Wilson
D) Harry Truman

Question 24

Which of the following was not a primary agency for aid distribution during the Cold War era?

A) International Monetary Fund
B) United Nations Relief Agency
C) World Bank
D) U.S. Agency for International Development

Question 25

Which of the following changes did not occur to the Bedouin in Oman from 1950-1980?

A) They acquired trucks and began hauling goods across the Arabian peninsula.
B) They began to live in very tight extended families.
C) They began to settle down into longer-term settlements.
D) They acquired more market goods and private property.

Question 26

Walt Whitman Rostow put forth one of the most influential policies associated with development programs. It focused primarily on the development of:

A) economic systems.
B) family and extended kin networks.
C) political organizations.
D) religion.

Question 27

Which of the following is not one of Rostow's stages?

A) Traditional society
B) Take-off stage
C) Accelerated family development
D) Drive to maturity

Question 28

The Vicos Project was focused on:

A) creating agrarian reforms at the level of a hacienda landholding unit in Peru.
B) changing political structure among the Toraja in Indonesia.
C) changing agricultural technology in Bali on wet-rice paddies.
D) helping re-settle those San hunters who had fought in the war of independence.

Question 29

The Green Revolution touted the importance of all of the following except:

A) commercial fertilizers.
B) traditional planting methods.
C) modern pesticides.
D) engineered seed.

Question 30

Which of the following is a major school of criticism against development theory?

A) Dependency theory
B) Independence theory
C) Acculturation theory
D) Economic theory

Question 31

At the end of WWII, decolonizing peoples made up more than a quarter of the world's population.

Question 32

Colonial authorities worked to preserve indigenous religions.

Question 33

European colonizers had advantages over the colonized peoples because of their superior weaponry and widespread diseases.

Question 34

Many indigenous peoples believed that the Europeans were a "people without history" because they did not value traditions.

Question 35

The degree to which colonized peoples adopt cultural practices of the colonizers does not correspond to the level of disruption they experience in their societies.

Question 36

Prior to Spanish contact, the Pueblo groups did have occasional raiding actions towards each other.

Question 37

Colonizers used religion to subjugate colonized peoples.

Question 38

The Toraja were colonized by Great Britain.

Question 39

Wallerstein's theory of the "people without history" helped explain the demise of early colonial trade networks.

Question 40

Apartheid enabled colonial forces to more easily control indigenous peoples.

Question 41

Development aid allowed poorer nations to rapidly and successfully become modern nations.

Question 42

A strong humanitarian appeal was built into many development programs.

Question 43

The Bedouin were notorious for refusing to engage in the cash economy in the 1980s.

Question 44

Walt Rostow based his theory of economic development on William Goode's theory of family development.

Question 45

The Green Revolution involved a change in agricultural methodology.

Question 46

​What did anthropologist Eric Wolf mean by the concept "people without history"?

Question 47

Compare and contrast acculturation and assimilation.

Question 48

Define and distinguish the supposed differences between the "three worlds" of the development era.

Question 49

What was Apartheid?

Question 50

What did William Goode mean by the term "cultural convergence"?

Question 51

The colonial encounter created many different types of challenges for indigenous people. Choose three different challenge areas for the colonized and describe by using examples.

Question 52

What were the primary goals of development theory? What challenges did development face? How was development an ethnocentric policy?

Question 53

Explain the theories of Walt Whitman Rostow and William Goode as "ideal models" of development during the mid-20^th century.