Deck 11: Technologies and Culture Change

Question 1

The "Arab Spring" was directly associated with each of the following countries except:

A) Jordan.
B) Egypt.
C) Tunisia.
D) Libya.

Answer 1

Jordan.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about technology is not true?

A) Technology often responds to culture but it exists separate from cultures themselves.
B) Technology can drive both social change and also reinforcement of social hierarchies.
C) Technology allows national politics to play out on an international stage.
D) Technology has become increasingly specialized at an accelerating rate.

Answer 2

Technology often responds to culture but it exists separate from cultures themselves.

Question 3

The origin of the word "technology" is from the Greek word techne, which means:

A) artifact or product.
B) performance.
C) art or craft.
D) gadget.

Answer 3

art or craft.

Question 4

Technology can best be generally defined as:

A) the ability to alter the world around us culturally.
B) tools we use for everyday life subsistence tasks.
C) tools, techniques, skills and devices, and the technical information to use them.
D) digital and electronic devices associated with communication.

Question 5

What is the first step commonly taken in an anthropological study of technology?

A) Focus on the primary form of subsistence
B) Inventory of a group's material culture
C) Comparison of technologies between two groups
D) Assignment of an innovation quality to the group's technology

Question 6

When one cultural group introduces technology to another, it is called:

A) technology transfer.
B) information technology.
C) technology exchange.
D) distributional technology.

Question 7

Which category of technology is most fundamental to human life everywhere?

A) Subsistence
B) Information
C) Educational
D) Political

Question 8

What new technology was introduced to the Yir Yoront in the 1930s causing social disruption?

A) Motor vehicles
B) Long-range rifles
C) Steel axes
D) Electric chainsaws

Question 9

The kaross is a:

A) form of hafting used on steel axes.
B) breed of dog used by the Bedouin.
C) type of basket used by San women.
D) piece of skin San women use for gathering.

Question 10

Traditional San hunters:

A) usually traveled alone for hunts and shared meat with everyone in the band.
B) put personal markings on their arrows to determine the owner of the kill.
C) did not share meat with those who did not hunt.
D) obtained a great deal of political power from successful hunts.

Question 11

Which of the following is not usually associated with domestication?

A) Control and intervention with an animal species
B) Free-range breeding
C) Change over generations
D) Preferred physical or behavioral traits

Question 12

The production and use of traditional San subsistence technology:

A) severely damaged the desert environment.
B) resulted in a very stable market economy.
C) continued without disruption during colonial times.
D) supported egalitarian relationships.

Question 13

A stone blade affixed at a right angle to a wooden haft is called a(n):

A) adze.
B) axe.
C) hoe.
D) machete.

Question 14

Among the Baruya, the introduction of steel axes:

A) resulted in a decrease of wood production.
B) resulted in an increase in women's workloads.
C) was abandoned after a short period of time for inefficiency.
D) created a major shift in formerly egalitarian relationships.

Question 15

Which dog breed did the Bedouin create to serve as an extension of their subsistence system?

A) Saluki
B) Borzoi
C) Adze
D) Collie

Question 16

Baruya women:

A) created new tools themselves and gave up horticulture.
B) embraced new technology and became more productive.
C) did not allow men to use steel axes for horticulture.
D) rejected some steel tools in practice of horticulture.

Question 17

Overall, how did Baruya men use the additional wood produced by steel axes as opposed to stone ones?

A) Built more houses
B) Sold it for commercial purposes
C) Built more pigpens
D) Developed a furniture industry

Question 18

In Bali, the primary form of cultivation was:

A) wet rice agriculture.
B) dry rice agriculture.
C) horticultural agriculture.
D) hunting and gathering.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most striking engineering feat found in Bali?

A) Monumental architecture
B) Modern-day airports
C) Irrigation canals
D) Telephone satellite system

Question 20

In Bali, farmers used which of the following to divert water from one to another location?

A) Spears
B) Weirs
C) Dikes
D) Large-scale dams

Question 21

What institution traditionally controlled (and controls) the irrigation system in Bali?

A) Religion
B) Economics
C) Kinship
D) Politics

Question 22

What type of technology has dominated in the post-industrial era?

A) Information technology
B) Agricultural technology
C) Hydroporic farming
D) Hunting and wildlife management technologies

Question 23

The digital divide is the difference between:

A) men who work primarily in the electronics industry and the exclusion of women.
B) those who have access to digital-era technologies and those who do not.
C) those whose countries primarily use digital technology and the underdeveloped world.
D) companies who sell digital technology and those who consume it.

Question 24

In the U.S. in 2015, the ethnic group that least used and had access to digital technology was:

A) Hispanics.
B) Asians.
C) Whites.
D) Native Americans.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about work in Information Technology businesses is correct?

A) It is a gendered technology field that begins in the workplace and favors men.
B) It is a gendered technology field that begins before the workplace and skews toward men.
C) It is a gendered technology field that begins in high school and favors women.
D) It is not a gendered technology field and offers equal opportunity to men and women.

Question 26

Population scientists are also called:

A) demographers.
B) seismologists.
C) sociologists.
D) population technicians.

Question 27

Reproductive technology includes all of the following except:

A) in vitro fertilization.
B) embryo transfer.
C) cryo-preservation.
D) crypto-transfer injection.

Question 28

The "disappeared daughters" are:

A) females unaccounted for by the imbalance of the sex ratio at birth.
B) females who are aborted before birth.
C) females who are given less opportunity and visibility in the work place.
D) daughters who marry into patrilineal families and lose contact with their own families.

Question 29

The one-child family policy occurred in:

A) Vietnam.
B) China.
C) India.
D) Belgium.

Question 30

The pace of change in technology has recently been slowing down due to socio-political disruptions.

Question 31

Technology is a cultural product.

Question 32

Socially stratified societies always allow a greater understanding of subsistence technology because they are more diverse.

Question 33

Among the Yir Yoront, the introduction of stone axes in the 1930s disrupted the relationship between men and women.

Question 34

San men use the kaross as an exchange item with their fathers-in-law.

Question 35

Because of systematic breeding, domestication involves genetic alteration.

Question 36

Humans became co-dependent on some animals.

Question 37

The Baruya began to use steel axes in the 1940s.

Question 38

The Inca used a complex system of aqueducts for farming.

Question 39

In Bali, state officials were in charge of water distribution schedules.

Question 40

There is not a digital divide in the U.S. today.

Question 41

The IT industry is declining rapidly today as a growth industry.

Question 42

Use of ultrasound has led to an increase in sex-selective abortion.

Question 43

Under Maoist doctrines, the majority of Chinese citizens experienced relatively greater prosperity.

Question 44

The sex ratio imbalance greatly concerns world leaders.

Question 45

?Define technology.

Question 46

How did the introduction of steel axes affect the workloads of Baruya men and women? Consider how they were used and the effects on both genders.

Question 47

What is domestication?

Question 48

How has information technology contributed to changes in the division of labor in society?

Question 49

What is the "one child policy," and what effect has it had on society?

Question 50

What is the global role of technology today? In other words, how do globalization and technology intersect?

Question 51

Compare and contrast the cases of culture change through introduction of new European technology to the Yir Yoront and the Baruya.

Question 52

How has the evolution of human societies been reflected in its technology?