Deck 8: Schools and Delinquency

Question 1

What led to the Progressive education movement?

A) racial integration in private schools
B) formalized student teacher contacts
C) disapproval from family on account of school failure
D) widespread dissatisfaction with the schools

Answer 1

widespread dissatisfaction with the schools

Question 2

Which of the following refers to the act of destroying or damaging, or attempting to destroy or damage, the property of another without the owner's consent or destroying or damaging public property?

A) vandalism
B) bullying
C) cyberbullying
D) in loco parentis

Answer 2

vandalism

Question 3

Which of the following is a reason for so much youth crime in American schools?

A) Unsafe schools are lodged within unsafe neighborhoods.
B) Safe schools are lodged within unsafe neighborhoods.
C) Crime levels in schools are independent of the neighborhood environment.
D) Unsafe schools are lodged within safe neighborhoods.

Answer 3

Unsafe schools are lodged within unsafe neighborhoods.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT linked to cyberbullying?

A) taking flattering pictures of a person
B) spreading rumors through texts
C) pretending to be someone else online
D) posting sexually suggestive pictures on social networking sites

Question 5

According to Albert Cohen's theory, which of the following encourages development of delinquent subcultures in schools?

A) incompetent teachers
B) inadequate parents
C) status deprivation
D) lenient rules

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a link in Travis Hirschi's causal chain?

A) rejection of school's authority
B) academic incompetence
C) poor parental performance
D) dislike of school

Question 7

Which theory posits that children who do poorly in school or who believe they have little chance of graduation are most likely to commit delinquent acts?

A) labeling theory
B) blocked opportunity theory
C) culture theory
D) drift theory

Question 8

Which of the following contends that youngsters from certain social classes are denied legitimate access to culturally determined goals and opportunities and the resulting frustration leads them to delinquency?

A) cultural deviance theory
B) conflict theory
C) strain theory
D) labeling theory

Question 9

Which of the following states that children learn delinquent behavior through being exposed to others and by mimicking or modeling others' actions?

A) conflict theory
B) strain theory
C) labeling theory
D) cultural deviance theory

Question 10

Which of the following theories states that delinquency is likely to result when a strong bond to school does not develop?

A) cultural deviance theory
B) labeling theory
C) conflict theory
D) social control theory

Question 11

Which of the following theories argues that once students are defined as deviant they adopt a deviant role in response to their lowered status?

A) labeling theory
B) strain theory
C) cultural deviance theory
D) social control theory

Question 12

Which of the following views school as a means by which the privileged classes maintain power over the lower classes?

A) social control theory
B) cultural deviance theory
C) radical theory
D) strain theory

Question 13

________ argues that once self-control has formed in childhood, it affects adolescents in the choices they make in peer relations, school conduct and achievement, drug and alcohol use, and delinquent activities.

A) Radical criminology
B) Cultural deviance theory
C) The general theory of crime
D) Social control theory

Question 14

What did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette?

A) Due process requires a student to receive notice and opportunity for a hearing.
B) A student's right to style his or her hair is protected under the right to privacy.
C) Students could not be compelled to salute the flag if it violates their religious rights.
D) School authorities do not have the right to deny free speech unless it interferes with school operations.

Question 15

Which of the following refers to a principle in which a guardian or an agency is given the rights, duties, and responsibilities of a parent in relation to a particular child or children?

A) cyberbullying
B) in loco parentis
C) radical criminology
D) bullycide

Question 16

In which of the following cases, did the U.S. Supreme Court declare that students do NOT shed their constitutional right of freedom of speech at the schoolhouse door?

A) Baker v. Owen
B) Yoo v. Moynihan
C) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District
D) Dixon v. Alabama State Board of Education

Question 17

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that reasonable corporal punishment is NOT cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution?

A) Ingraham v. Wright
B) New Jersey v. T.L.O
C) West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
D) Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton

Question 18

In which of the following cases did the U.S. Supreme Court give school officials and the police the right to search students suspected of violating school rules?

A) West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
B) Ingraham v. Wright
C) New Jersey v. T.L.O.
D) Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser

Question 19

Which case approved the school's right to suspend or discipline a student who uses profane or obscene language or gestures?

A) West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
B) Ingraham v. Wright
C) New Jersey v. T.L.O.
D) Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser

Question 20

Which of the following cases legalized a random drug-testing policy for student athletes?

A) West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
B) Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton
C) Ingraham v. Wright
D) Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser

Question 21

Which of the following cases held that students are entitled to receive notice and some opportunity for a hearing before being expelled for misconduct?

A) Baker v. Owen
B) Yoo v. Moynihan
C) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District
D) Dixon v. Alabama State Board of Education

Question 22

Which of the following will lead to expulsion of a student from school?

A) possession of firearms
B) prevention of fist fights
C) absence of social skills
D) dropping out of school

Question 23

Which is NOT an inference derived from Wendy Schwartz's analysis of information from the Educational Resource Information Center?

A) In the past twenty years, the earnings level of dropouts doubled while it nearly tripled for college graduates.
B) Dropouts comprise nearly half of the nation's prison population.
C) Peer status in adolescence is negatively associated with school achievement.
D) Recent dropouts will earn $200,000 less than high school graduates over the course of their lives.

Question 24

John Sampson and John Laub have demonstrated that high school can be a ________ in an individual's life course

A) development
B) disruption
C) due process
D) turning point

Question 25

Which of the following is a finding of studies undertaken to improve the quality of the school experience?

A) Education must be oriented toward the entire group rather than an individual.
B) Schools must stick to fixed hour schedules.
C) Tracking systems should be used when and where possible.
D) Good teaching is one of the first lines of defense against misbehavior.

Question 26

The commitment to public education arose largely from the growing need for a uniform approach to socialization of the diverse groups immigrating to America.

Question 27

In the 1960s and early 1970s enrollments in public schools decreased on account of the Vietnam War.

Question 28

During most of the nineteenth century, U.S. schools were chaotic and violent places where teachers unsuccessfully attempted to maintain control over unmotivated, unruly, and unmanageable children through novel and sometimes brutal disciplinary methods.

Question 29

Academically gifted students were seen by teachers as having the lowest rates of both bullying and being bullied.

Question 30

Several studies have concluded that the relationship between school performance and delinquency is mediated by peer influence.

Question 31

There is little evidence to correlate poor academic performance with delinquency among both males and females.

Question 32

According to radical theorists, lower-class children are essentially being trained to accept menial roles in the social order.

Question 33

According to labeling theory, delinquency varies according to the strength of a juvenile's bond to the social order.

Question 34

In loco parentis doctrine holds that parents stand in the place of school authorities while the child is at home.

Question 35

Principals have become reluctant to suspend students for wearing outlandish clothing, loitering in the halls, and creating classroom disturbances, which only a few decades earlier would have drawn a quick suspension notice.

Question 36

According to Zeng-yin Chen and Howard Kaplan, early positive experiences set in motion a cascade of later disadvantages in the transition to adulthood.

Question 37

In the last 20 years, the earnings level of dropouts doubled, whereas it nearly tripled for college graduates.

Question 38

Using event history analysis and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data, Richard Arum and Irenee R. Beattie found that high school educational experiences have very little effect on an individual's risk of incarceration.

Question 39

Disruptive behavior is not a very serious problem in many of this nation's classrooms.

Question 40

Providing rigorous, relevant options for earning a high school diploma is one of the action steps suggested by the National Governors Association for dropout prevention.

Question 41

________ advocated reform in classroom methods and curriculum leading to the Progressive Education Movement.

Question 42

Hurtful, frightening, or menacing actions undertaken by one person to intimidate another (generally weaker) person, to gain that person's unwilling compliance, and /or to put him in fear is known as ________.

Question 43

Achievement in schoolwork as rated by grades and other assessment measures is known as ________ performance.

Question 44

Numerous researchers have pointed out that delinquents' lack of ________ in school is related to other factors besides academic skills.

Question 45

Social control theorists argue that delinquency varies according to the strength of a juvenile's ________ to the social order.

Question 46

________ theorists argue that once students are defined as deviant, they adopt a deviant role in response to their lowered status.

Question 47

The constitutional rights that are guaranteed to citizens, whether adult or juvenile, during their contacts with the ________ and during court proceedings are known as due process right.

Question 48

The principle according to which a guardian or an agency is given the rights, duties, and responsibilities of a parent in relation to a particular ________ is known as in loco parentis.

Question 49

The process of searching students and their lockers to determine whether drugs, weapons, or other contraband are present is known as a(n) ________ search.

Question 50

In the Richards v. Thurston case, the Supreme Court ruled that a student's right to wear long hair derived from his interest in personal ________.

Question 51

In the ________ County case, the U.S. Supreme Court expanded the Vernonia decision by extending the drug testing of student athletes to the testing of students involved in extracurricular activities.

Question 52

A young person of school age who, of his or her own volition, no longer attends school is known as a(n) ________.

Question 53

Unacceptable conduct at school which may include defiance of authority, manipulation of teachers, inability or refusal to follow rules, fights with peers, destruction of property, use of drugs in school, and physical or verbal altercations with teachers is known as ________ behavior.

Question 54

Please match each date with the major issues American schools have faced.

-1850

A) American schools in trouble is an increasingly articulated position.
B) John Dewey's advocation of reforms led to the Progressive education movement.
C) Education was both free and compulsory in nearly every state in the union
D) Dire warnings began to be issued concerning the state of education.
E) Schools were chaotic and violent places where teachers used sometimes brutal measures to maintain control.
F) Public education became more expensive.
G) Nearly all of the northern states had enacted mandatory free education.
H) Open classrooms in which teachers served as resource persons were instituted as an alternative to the teacher-oriented classrooms. Increased enrollments and more formalized student-teacher contacts grew out of the baby boom.

Question 55

Please match each date with the major issues American schools have faced.

-1896

A) American schools in trouble is an increasingly articulated position.
B) John Dewey's advocation of reforms led to the Progressive education movement.
C) Education was both free and compulsory in nearly every state in the union
D) Dire warnings began to be issued concerning the state of education.
E) Schools were chaotic and violent places where teachers used sometimes brutal measures to maintain control.
F) Public education became more expensive.
G) Nearly all of the northern states had enacted mandatory free education.
H) Open classrooms in which teachers served as resource persons were instituted as an alternative to the teacher-oriented classrooms. Increased enrollments and more formalized student-teacher contacts grew out of the baby boom.

Question 56

Please match each date with the major issues American schools have faced.

-1900

A) American schools in trouble is an increasingly articulated position.
B) John Dewey's advocation of reforms led to the Progressive education movement.
C) Education was both free and compulsory in nearly every state in the union
D) Dire warnings began to be issued concerning the state of education.
E) Schools were chaotic and violent places where teachers used sometimes brutal measures to maintain control.
F) Public education became more expensive.
G) Nearly all of the northern states had enacted mandatory free education.
H) Open classrooms in which teachers served as resource persons were instituted as an alternative to the teacher-oriented classrooms. Increased enrollments and more formalized student-teacher contacts grew out of the baby boom.

Question 57

Please match each date with the major issues American schools have faced.

-1918

A) American schools in trouble is an increasingly articulated position.
B) John Dewey's advocation of reforms led to the Progressive education movement.
C) Education was both free and compulsory in nearly every state in the union
D) Dire warnings began to be issued concerning the state of education.
E) Schools were chaotic and violent places where teachers used sometimes brutal measures to maintain control.
F) Public education became more expensive.
G) Nearly all of the northern states had enacted mandatory free education.
H) Open classrooms in which teachers served as resource persons were instituted as an alternative to the teacher-oriented classrooms. Increased enrollments and more formalized student-teacher contacts grew out of the baby boom.

Question 58

Please match each date with the major issues American schools have faced.

-1960s

A) American schools in trouble is an increasingly articulated position.
B) John Dewey's advocation of reforms led to the Progressive education movement.
C) Education was both free and compulsory in nearly every state in the union
D) Dire warnings began to be issued concerning the state of education.
E) Schools were chaotic and violent places where teachers used sometimes brutal measures to maintain control.
F) Public education became more expensive.
G) Nearly all of the northern states had enacted mandatory free education.
H) Open classrooms in which teachers served as resource persons were instituted as an alternative to the teacher-oriented classrooms. Increased enrollments and more formalized student-teacher contacts grew out of the baby boom.

Question 59

Please match each date with the major issues American schools have faced.

-1970s

A) American schools in trouble is an increasingly articulated position.
B) John Dewey's advocation of reforms led to the Progressive education movement.
C) Education was both free and compulsory in nearly every state in the union
D) Dire warnings began to be issued concerning the state of education.
E) Schools were chaotic and violent places where teachers used sometimes brutal measures to maintain control.
F) Public education became more expensive.
G) Nearly all of the northern states had enacted mandatory free education.
H) Open classrooms in which teachers served as resource persons were instituted as an alternative to the teacher-oriented classrooms. Increased enrollments and more formalized student-teacher contacts grew out of the baby boom.

Question 60

Please match each date with the major issues American schools have faced.

-1980s

A) American schools in trouble is an increasingly articulated position.
B) John Dewey's advocation of reforms led to the Progressive education movement.
C) Education was both free and compulsory in nearly every state in the union
D) Dire warnings began to be issued concerning the state of education.
E) Schools were chaotic and violent places where teachers used sometimes brutal measures to maintain control.
F) Public education became more expensive.
G) Nearly all of the northern states had enacted mandatory free education.
H) Open classrooms in which teachers served as resource persons were instituted as an alternative to the teacher-oriented classrooms. Increased enrollments and more formalized student-teacher contacts grew out of the baby boom.

Question 61

Please match each date with the major issues American schools have faced.

-2010s

A) American schools in trouble is an increasingly articulated position.
B) John Dewey's advocation of reforms led to the Progressive education movement.
C) Education was both free and compulsory in nearly every state in the union
D) Dire warnings began to be issued concerning the state of education.
E) Schools were chaotic and violent places where teachers used sometimes brutal measures to maintain control.
F) Public education became more expensive.
G) Nearly all of the northern states had enacted mandatory free education.
H) Open classrooms in which teachers served as resource persons were instituted as an alternative to the teacher-oriented classrooms. Increased enrollments and more formalized student-teacher contacts grew out of the baby boom.

Question 62

Please match each concept or term with its definition.

-Vandalism

A) Unacceptable conduct at school. It may include defiance of authority, manipulation of teachers, inability or refusal to follow rules, fights with peers, destruction of property, use of drugs in school, and/or physical or verbal altercations with teachers.
B) The hurtful, frightening, or menacing actions undertaken by one person to intimidate another (generally weaker) person to gain that person's unwilling compliance, and/or to put him or her in fear.
C) A forceful physical assault with or without weapons. It includes many kinds of fighting, rape, other attacks, gang warfare, and so on.
D) The act of destroying or damaging, or attempting to destroy or damage, the property of another without the owner's consent or destroying or damaging public property (except by burning).

Question 63

Please match each concept or term with its definition.

-Violence

A) Unacceptable conduct at school. It may include defiance of authority, manipulation of teachers, inability or refusal to follow rules, fights with peers, destruction of property, use of drugs in school, and/or physical or verbal altercations with teachers.
B) The hurtful, frightening, or menacing actions undertaken by one person to intimidate another (generally weaker) person to gain that person's unwilling compliance, and/or to put him or her in fear.
C) A forceful physical assault with or without weapons. It includes many kinds of fighting, rape, other attacks, gang warfare, and so on.
D) The act of destroying or damaging, or attempting to destroy or damage, the property of another without the owner's consent or destroying or damaging public property (except by burning).

Question 64

Please match each concept or term with its definition.

-Bullying

A) Unacceptable conduct at school. It may include defiance of authority, manipulation of teachers, inability or refusal to follow rules, fights with peers, destruction of property, use of drugs in school, and/or physical or verbal altercations with teachers.
B) The hurtful, frightening, or menacing actions undertaken by one person to intimidate another (generally weaker) person to gain that person's unwilling compliance, and/or to put him or her in fear.
C) A forceful physical assault with or without weapons. It includes many kinds of fighting, rape, other attacks, gang warfare, and so on.
D) The act of destroying or damaging, or attempting to destroy or damage, the property of another without the owner's consent or destroying or damaging public property (except by burning).

Question 65

Please match each concept or term with its definition.

-Disruptive behavior

A) Unacceptable conduct at school. It may include defiance of authority, manipulation of teachers, inability or refusal to follow rules, fights with peers, destruction of property, use of drugs in school, and/or physical or verbal altercations with teachers.
B) The hurtful, frightening, or menacing actions undertaken by one person to intimidate another (generally weaker) person to gain that person's unwilling compliance, and/or to put him or her in fear.
C) A forceful physical assault with or without weapons. It includes many kinds of fighting, rape, other attacks, gang warfare, and so on.
D) The act of destroying or damaging, or attempting to destroy or damage, the property of another without the owner's consent or destroying or damaging public property (except by burning).

Question 66

Describe the evolution of education and the American educational system, and how delinquency may have evolved along with it.

Question 67

Discuss how acts of criminal school violence have changed today from what they were in the 1960s.

Question 68

What can schools do to control bullying in the school system?

Question 69

Identify and discuss the issues of school failure and how it relates to delinquency. Be sure to address why the association between school failure and delinquency is difficult to assess.

Question 70

Explain, in detail, the case of New Jersey v. T.L.O.

Question 71

Which theory of delinquency is most effective in understanding school failure? Please explain your reasoning.

Question 72

How, or in what ways, is delinquency related to school failure? Please explain.

Question 73

Dropping out of school influences later success in life by reducing income, making jobs harder to attain, making it more likely to have to rely on welfare, and setting in motion later disadvantages in the transition to adulthood. So, why do adolescents drop out? Please explain.